oe ue te th i are trse us ks ea aPl bred. U.S.-EUROPEAN-JAPANESE age Pnserte s. y i WORKSHOP ON SPACE pesetting filealln accident COOPERATION ye nal te be m the origis may hav SUMMARY REPORT not froc error book, graphi er po Space Research Committee, Science Council of Japan py riginal pahe od, and some t European SCpaocme mScititeenec oen C Ionmtemrnaiatntteidoen, aElu Sroppaceea nP Srocgieranmces Foundation m tne Space Studies Board oai ed fre ret Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications creatnot b National Research Council L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p NatWionasahl iAngcatodne,m Dy. CP.ress oe ue te th ii are trse us ks ea NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose mem- aPl bers are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. bred. The members of the committees responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. age pesetting files. Pally inserten accident SadCSN2Wno1puoada0 aptpns ic1piSoohee ontpCi s nrSaa ntoogl tcefn ufteRcoo sd tertnAehi isest,tisd husesDam iatrBrsiCreio icloppnn yh2aroi o srA0rrCdtejt4rev foaa1cleuter8tinen cowu tcna eiatv.l,h s aANe ip lnvWrayoibe vloweipd sfie rnodeife ob tnoyhsf e,C cfsohipnnaodrtnrgiansecog tfrs r.,No cmAo:SncWlu s9i6o0n1s3, obre rtewceoemn mtheen Ndaattiioonnsa le xApcraedsseemdy i no ft hSics imenacteesr iaanl da rteh eth Nosaeti oofn athl eA aeurothnoarust iacnsd ye Copyright 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. nal te be Printed in the United States of America m the origis may hav not froc error book, graphi er po py pae t riginal he od, and som m tne oai ed fre ret creatnot b L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th iii are trse us ks ea aPl bred. age Pnserte s. y i pesetting filealln accident The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished ye scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and nal te be technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the m the origis may hav Cscoienngtirfeicss a innd 1te8c6h3n,i cthale m Aacttaedres. mDyr. Bhrausc ae Mma. nAdlbaetert sth isa tp rreesqiudiernets o ift tthoe aNdavtiisoen athl Ae cfaeddeemrayl ogfo Svceirennmceesn.t on not froc error oTfh Se cNieantcioens,a al sA ac apdareamllyel oofr gEanngizinaetieorni nogf wouatss teasntadbinligs heendg iinne 1e9rs6.4 I,t uisn daeurt othneo mchoaurste irn o ift st haed mNiantiiostnraalt iAonc aadnedm iyn book, graphi tthhee fseedleecrtailo gno ovfe ritnsm meenmt. bTehres ,N sahtairoinnagl wAictahd tehme yN oaft iEonnagli nAecearidnegm ayls oof sSpcoinesnocress e tnhgei nreeseprionngs ipbrioligtrya fmosr aaidmviesdin agt per ypo meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of riginal pahe od, and some t seTenhrgevi niIceneessr tsoi.t fDu etrm.e W ionfiel Mnlita emmd.e iAmci.bn Weer uswl foa fiss a eppsrptearsboidpliersinhatet oed f p itrnho e1f eN9s7as0itio obnnysa iltn hA etch Naed aeetxmioaymn aoilfn AaEtnciogandin eoemfe rpyino oglif.c Syc mieantcteerss tpoe srteaciunrineg t htoe m tne the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of oai ed frcreatnot be ret Stoofc iiMedneecndetiiscf iybn yeis .istus ecso onfg rmesesdiiocnaal lc cahrea,r treers teoa rbceh ,a na nadd veidsuecr attoi otnh.e Dferd. eKreanl ngeotvhe rIn. mSheinnte a insd p, ruepsiodne nitts oofw thn ei nIintsiatittiuvtee, L files er, can The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate Mv om Xhowe tahdev bisrionagd tchoem fmeduenriatyl goof vsceirennmcee natn.d F tuenchcntioolnoignyg w init ha cthceo rAdcaandceem wyi’sth p gurepnoesreasl opfo fluicrtihees rdinegte krnmoiwnleedd gbey atnhde d frng, Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of posematti Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and mor the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the coc f Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William. A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, n reecifi respectively, of the National Research Council. ep es ork has besetting-ution. www.national-academies.org wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th iv are trse us ks ea bread. Pl SPACE RESEARCH COMMITTEE age Pnserte A. NISHIDA, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science,Chair pesetting files. ally in accident HSMY... . I HKKKIAEARWUTACOABH,AS IIAnY, sKNAtiIatS,ug HMtoeIy i,oat sIf nuU Ssbnptiiisatvhuceite er Ks aoinatfyds Se Aip Iasnctrseot inatunatudet iAocfas tlLr Soifnceia euSntcciiceeanl cSecsience ye Y. KONDO, Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University nal te be T. KOSUGI, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science m the origis may hav KYS... MMMIAAUTKROIASG,H ANIMWatiAAo,n, UaIlnn Ssitvpiteaurctseei tDoyf eo Svfe pTlaoocpkem yaoenndt AAsgteronncayutical Science not froc error AH.. MMUORRAIOKKAAM, TI,o Ihnostkiutu Uten oivf eSrpsiatcye and Astronautical Science book, graphi FE.. NSAAGGAAWSEA, ,I nCsotimtumteu onfi cSaptiaocnes aRneds Aeasrtcrho nLaaubtiocraalt oSrcyience er po py NASUO SATO, National Institute of Polar Research riginal pahe od, and some t NSTK...O TTTBASSUUUNODRA AUSKA,DA KTA, yOR,o ,Iet nmJosa toUpittaneun itS veMee onresfst iiSetnyopgra ocTleoe cgahincndao lA lAosgtgryeo nCncaeyunttiecral Science om taine S. WATANABE, Daido Industrial College ed fre ret T. YAMAMOTO, Nagoya University creatnot b K. YAMISHITA, Nagoya University L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th v are trse us ks ea bread. Pl EUROPEAN SPACE SCIENCE COMMITTEE age Pnserte JOHN LEONARD CULHANE, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, London, United Kingdom,Chair s. y i pesetting filealln accident ERuOrBoEpReaTn J E. GarUthR NOEbYse,r Uvantiivoenr sPitayn oefl Reading, Reading, United Kingdom,Chair ye WERNER ALPERS, Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany nal te be ANNY CAZENAVE, Laboratoire en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale (LEGOS), Toulouse, France m the origis may hav MHAANRSIE S-ÜLINSKE ECLH, ATNecIhNn,i sScthraet oUsnpihveerrisci tPärt oGcreaszs,e sG aranzd, TAhuesitrr iRaole in Climate (SPARC) Office, Verrières, France not froc error European Space Physical Science Panel book, graphi JOHNAeNth Aer.lMan. dBs,L CEhEaKirER, Institute for Space Research, Space Research Organization Netherlands-Utrecht, The er po py JOHN LEONARD CULHANE, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, London, United Kingdom riginal pahe od, and some t AGNPHLEIEIVRLLHAISPAR LPOREUD GNM HIDAMA, SDÉESNaROnEENiZsN,h, D U LSEnp.AiLavc.,eE eMr .sRFiat.exFés -.ed,P aeMlr aPcnahacd rkIrinis-dI sSn,t iusSttudpitt,aeu Oi,tn Crfsüoarpy ee,x nFthrraaatngecerenre, sDtreisncmhaer Pkhysik, Garching, Germany om taine MARTIN J.L. TURNER, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom ed fre ret STEFANO VITALE, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy creatnot b JAONHDNR CZE. ZJ AZDRNZIEACRKSIK, UI, nPiovleirsshi tAy coafd Kemenyt, oCf aSnctieernbcuersy,, WUnairtseadw K, Pinogldanodm L files er, can Mv European Microgravity Panel om Xhowe JEAN-CLAUDE LEGROS, Microgravity Research Center, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium, Chair d frng, AUGUSTO COGOLI, ETH Technopark, Zurik, Switzerland posematti JEAN-JACQUES FAVIER, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Grenoble, France mor GERDA HORNECK, DLR, Institut für Luft und Raumfahrtmedizin, Köln, Germany coc f JEAN-CLAUDE WORMS, ESSC Executive Secretary, ENSPS, Strasbourg, France n reecifi HANS U. KAROW, ESF Scientific Secretary, Strasbourg, France ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th vi are trse us ks ea bread. Pl COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL SPACE PROGRAMS age Pnserte EUGENE B. SKOLNIKOFF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair pesetting files. ally in accident FLMBREIALNARLNN TG AIBRNRAE DAGE .EAN GN., LFfAoIICLrSm,KK Ue,S rnUM minvAeievmNresb,ir tseRyirt e,yo nU fos C.sfS eoM.l laHoiecrorah uPdisgooeal ynotfe Rchenpirce sIennsttiattuivtees ye JOHN P. HUGHES, Rutgers University nal te be ADRIAN LEBLANC, Baylor College of Medicine m the origis may hav TNLOHOUORIMMSA AJ.SN L RPA.. N LNZOEEVUREROLETAITTNIE,D RL,, u UTcSeenGxtaS sT EeIncRshOtnruoSml oDeganitetass C((reeexnt itoreefrfdi)cio) not froc error book, graphi SPtAaMffELA WHITNEY, Study Director er po py CARMELA CHAMBERLAIN, Senior Program Assistant pae t riginal he od, and som m tne oai ed fre ret creatnot b L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th vii are trse us ks ea bread. Pl SPACE STUDIES BOARD age Pnserte CLAUDE R. CANIZARES, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair pesetting files. ally in accident MFDRROAAABNRNEIKE RB LRTA . N EGA.. E BBCNBALAOEKLLTE,ATR U,N, nrUDeivgn,eo iUvrnsen iSrtisyvtia etotyrefs oiUCtfy onC lioovofre lWaordsriaaotdsyhoington ye MARILYN L. FOGEL, Carnegie Institution of Washington nal te be BILL GREEN, former member, U.S. House of Representatives m the origis may hav JCROIHCHRHNIAS HTR.ID AH NGO .PJ .KP JSRO,O HJRNA.,,N UMNnoSivrEeehNrso,i utPysue or Cdf uCoelhl eUicgnaeigvoersity not froc error JROONBAETRHTAAN B IA. LLSUTNAIND EM, UILnLivEeRrs, iCtyo oluf mAbriiaz oUnnaiversity book, graphi GMAARRYY JJ.A ONLES EONS,B UOnRivNe,r sUitnyi voefr Isliltiyn ooifs C, Uonrbnaencati-cCuht aHmepalatihg nCenter er po py GEORGE A. PAULIKAS, The Aerospace Corporation riginal pahe od, and some t JTPGOEHEYDOOCRMREOGA EELS. . L APR.E .US NPISRSNTCIEANORNCE, E,U, J,B RnCoi.va,s eltEiorflsnolii rtpUyns inooai fvII nnMecsrsti.icitthuyitgea onf Technology om taine EUGENE B. SKOLNIKOFF, Massachusetts Institute of Technology ed fre ret MITCHELL SOGIN, Marine Biological Laboratory creatnot b NALOARNM AMN. T EI.T TLHEA, LGoAckRhDee, dF lMoraidrtai nS Atadtev aUnncievde rTsietcyhnology Center L files er, can RPEATYEMRO WN.D V VOIOSRKHAENETSA, ,N Pourrtdhuwee sUtenrinv eUrsniitvyersity Mv om Xhowe JJOOHSENP AH. KW. OAOLEDX, HAaNrvDaErdR-,S Dmiirtehcstoonrian Center for Astrophysics d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th viii are trse us ks ea bread. Pl COMMISSION ON PHYSICAL SCIENCES, MATHEMATICS, AND APPLICATIONS age Pnserte PETER M. BANKS, Veridian ERIM International, Inc., Co-Chair pesetting files. ally in accident WWSMHA.I LICRRLASLIRAHELYMA LL CFLIH.N HBIEAA.B NCLEOGLRHH,G UEAEnNURiv,S, eCU,r JasnRliiitvfy.,oe oLrrnfso iiCctayk aI hlnoiesff eotCidrtnuo Mitlaeo,a r oarDftdi anTov ,eC iCcsohorn-poC.lhoagiyr ye RONALD G. DOUGLAS, Texas A&M University nal te be SAMUEL H. FULLER, Analog Devices, Inc. m the origis may hav JMMEIARCRRHTYAH PEA.L G PFO.. HLGALOUYOBND,E CHSHa, vICLeorDfron, reUdll n CUivonelilrvesegitreys iotyf California, Santa Barbara not froc error WCAERSOLELY M T. .J AHNUTNZTERNE,S WS, eJsRti.n, gChaorunseeg iSea Ivnasntintauhti oRniver Company book, graphi PKAEUNLN EGT. HK AHM. KINESLKLEI, RT,e Uchnnivoevrastiitoyn o, fI nMc.innesota er po py JOHN R. KREICK, Sanders, a Lockheed Martin Company (retired) riginal pahe od, and some t MDJMAUA.N ESREALSTI HSM LAA.. B MNI.E OcLTDREHUWS PFTOAFEO,RT SDÉ, tU-a, CtUneOi .UvSRe.n rNCisviEoteyLmr sLomitf,y iSPs osteaifnon Nnnfsoeeyrrwdl vo YUaf nLoniriaavkbe oarrts iSStyttoatniyst iBcsro (orektired) om taine NICHOLAS P. SAMIOS, Brookhaven National Laboratory ed fre ret ROBERT J. SPINRAD, Xerox PARC (retired) creatnot b NMOYRRMOANN F .M UEMTAZNG,E ARc, tEinxge cEuxteivceu tDiviere Dctiorer c(ttohrrough July 1999) L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p oe ue te th ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF REVIEWERS ix are trse us ks ea aPl bred. Acknowledgment of Reviewers age Pnserte s. y i pesetting filealln accident ye m the original ts may have be apNfocuRrcr opCorobT disjnhaee ni cmsoct ifreav e ktiwphtiynoiist,gr h tei tnhvphdairedeos pep cbnueeecndbeedulni,ers eanhrsente vdadripe errvpeweirspeoepowdvor e tnbi dassy isb tv iosyne o ndptuheirvnoesids vNd itaudoasaet iltp oshco neacs nahssldiot buRisdldeee nyas a enfcnadohdr rac c trthrohgi Cteeeii.cnor aT sudluhn ircveceo ie clmtr'hossm aen(t Ntp eetnehRnrtetCsss pr 'toeseh)pfca oRttti hrvewte pem isorl leera vtaen iRstdessew iitsvne ticcs ettohhwimnteu i Cmctaiaouoelmtn nheatmoxsl rp sisatet ntaraedntnei dsd.d eaT r,tra hhdifneest book, not frographic error minadnivuRisdcourgaipelsrt Rfroe.mr A tahniendi erc ropsnaorfnti,id cUeinpntaiitvaileo rntso ii tnpy r toohtfee Icrote wvthiaee,w in otefg trhiitsy roefp tohret: deliberative process. We wish to thank the following er po Peter M. Banks, Veridian ERIM International, Inc., pape ty Hugh S. Hudson, University of California, San Diego, and Solar Physics Research Corporation, riginal m the oned, and som respoCPAneshlttirehbirsoi l uWiJtg.y .hJ ofV ohtorha otnehr nhesie nefeidnsni,,a v PNli ducourordantuhltseew nUeltis nsotteifev rdtneh r iUsasi bntryoeiv,pv eaoern rsdtih trayev.sets sporloevlyid wedit hm thaen ya ucthoonrsitnrgu cttaisvke gcrooumpm aenndt sth ea nNdR Csu.ggestions, oai ed fre ret creatnot b L files er, can Mv m Xowe oh d frng, posematti mor coc f n reecifi ep es ork has besetting-ution. wpb nal er tyattri e origihnd otor on f hentation of tding styles, aoritative versi his new digital represhs, word breaks, heaublication as the auth About this PDF file: Tthe original; line lengtprint version of this p