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Chemical Thermodynamics of Tin - OECD Nuclear Energy Agency PDF

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C T HEMICAL HERMODYNAMICS T OF IN Heinz GAMSJÄGER (Chair) Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie Montanuniversität Leoben Leoben (Austria) Tamás GAJDA James SANGSTER Department of Inorganic and Sangster Research Laboratories Analytical Chemistry Montreal (Canada) University of Szeged Szeged (Hungary) Surendra K. SAXENA Wolfgang VOIGT Center for Study of Matter Institut für Anorganische Chemie at Extreme Conditions TU Bergakademie Freiberg Florida International University Freiberg (Germany) Miami (United States) Edited by Jane Perrone (Project Co-ordinator and Volume Editor) OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Data Bank Issy-les-Moulineaux (France) ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT The OECD is a unique forum where the governments of 34 democracies work together to address the economic, social and environmental challenges of globalisation. The OECD is also at the forefront of efforts to understand and to help governments respond to new developments and concerns, such as corporate governance, the information economy and the challenges of an ageing population. The Organisation provides a setting where governments can compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practice and work to co-ordinate domestic and international policies. The OECD member countries are: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission takes part in the work of the OECD. OECD Publishing disseminates widely the results of the Organisation’s statistics gathering and research on economic, social and environmental issues, as well as the conventions, guidelines and standards agreed by its members. This work is published on the responsibility of the OECD Secretary-General. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) was established on 1 February 1958. Current NEA membership consists of 30 OECD member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission also takes part in the work of the Agency. The mission of the NEA is: – to assist its member countries in maintaining and further developing, through international co-operation, the scientific, technological and legal bases required for a safe, environmentally friendly and economical use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, as well as – to provide authoritative assessments and to forge common understandings on key issues, as input to government decisions on nuclear energy policy and to broader OECD policy analyses in areas such as energy and sustainable development. Specific areas of competence of the NEA include the safety and regulation of nuclear activities, radioactive waste management, radiological protection, nuclear science, economic and technical analyses of the nuclear fuel cycle, nuclear law and liability, and public information. The NEA Data Bank provides nuclear data and computer program services for participating countries. In these and related tasks, the NEA works in close collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna, with which it has a Co-operation Agreement, as well as with other international organisations in the nuclear field. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found online at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2012 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) [email protected]. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS Vol. 1. Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Wanner, H., Forest, I., OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (1992). Vol. 2. Chemical Thermodynamics of Americium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (1995). Vol. 3. Chemical Thermodynamics of Technetium, Sandino, M. C. A., Östhols, E., OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (1999). Vol. 4. Chemical Thermodynamics of Neptunium and Plutonium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2001). Vol. 5. Update on the Chemical Thermodynamics of Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium and Technetium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2003). Vol. 6. Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2005). Vol. 7. Chemical Thermodynamics of Selenium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2005). Vol. 8. Chemical Thermodynamics of Zirconium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2005). Vol. 9. Chemical Thermodynamics of complexes and compounds of U, Np, Pu, Am, Tc, Zr, Ni and Se with selected organic ligands, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., North Holland Elsevier Science Publishers B. V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, (2005). Vol. 10. Chemical Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions of Interest in Nuclear Waste Management. A State-of-the-Art Report, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., OECD Publications, Paris, France, (2007). Vol. 11. Chemical Thermodynamics of Thorium, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank, Eds., OECD Publications, Paris, France, (2008). CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012 Preface This volume is the 12th in the “Chemical Thermodynamics” series edited and produced by the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA). It is a critical review of the thermodynamic properties of tin, its compounds and aqueous complexes, initiated by the Management Board of the NEA Thermochemical Database Project Phase III (NEA TDB III). The European members of the TDB Sn Review Team − Wolfgang Voigt (Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, Germany), Tamás Gajda (University of Szeged, Hungary) and Heinz Gamsjäger as Chairman (Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria) − first met at the NEA in Issy-les-Moulineaux (France) in September 2004. The overseas members − Surendra K. Saxena (Florida International University, Miami, United States) and James Sangster (Sangster Research Laboratories, Montreal, Canada) participated in this kickoff meeting via phone and video link. Four subsequent plenary meetings took place at the NEA in March 2005, October 2005, March 2006 and October 2006. The latter was held in conjunction with the TDB III Executive Group Meeting on 25 October and the TDB III Management Board Meeting on 26-27 October 2006. In these meetings the Review Team reported that key values on Sn4+ formation and the redox couple Sn4+/Sn2+ were lacking. Moreover, essential formation data on Sn(IV) chlorido and hydroxido complexes were also lacking. Therefore the Review Team submitted a proposal to the Management Board requesting to fund an experimental programme to obtain values for the most important critical data, while the already completed sections dealing with solids and gases were sent to peer review. The Management Board agreed and the experimental investigation was carried out under the leadership of Tamás Gajda at the University of Szeged Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry. From 7 to 10 August 2008 the solution chemistry group comprising Wolfgang Voigt, Tamás Gajda and Heinz Gamsjäger met at Montanuniversität Leoben to include the results of the experimental study in the tin draft. The publication of these results, mandatory by NEA standards for including new data in chemical thermodynamics volumes, appeared in 2009. Heinz Gamsjäger presented these results at the meeting of the TDB IV Executive Group on 19 May 2010 in Karlsruhe. Hans Wanner participated in meetings of the Review Team as the designated member of the Executive Group until he retired from this position in 2007. At the NEA Data Bank the responsibility for the overall co-ordination of the project was placed with Federico Mompean (from its initiation in 2004 to 2007), with Mireille Defranceschi (2008 to 2010) and Jane Perrone (2011). Jane Perrone was in charge of the preparation CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012 vi Preface of the successive drafts, updating the NEA Thermodynamic Database and editing the book in its present final form. Primary responsibility for the different chapters was divided as follows. James Sangster and Surendra Saxena assessed the thermodynamic properties of solid and gaseous compounds, while Wolfgang Voigt, Tamás Gajda and Heinz Gamsjäger were in charge of the aqueous chemistry. Surendra Saxena drafted the sections on solid oxides, hydrides, halides, pnictides and selected minerals. James Sangster prepared the sections on elemental tin, gaseous compounds of all groups and solid compounds not treated by Surendra Saxena. Tamás Gajda drafted the sections on hydrolysis of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) and the sections on aqueous Sn(II) and Sn(IV) complexes. Wolfgang Voigt prepared the sections on solubilities of all groups. The chairman drafted the sections on simple aqua ions and those on solubilities of Sn(II) as well as Sn(IV) oxides and hydroxides. The key values for Sn(IV) which were lacking prompted close co-operation of the solution chemistry group. This contributed favourably to the final solution of the problem and to the quality of the solution chemistry section. It is worth noting that the selection of key values, e.g., for Sn2+, revealed gaps in our knowledge which may stimulate rewarding projects on the experimental thermodynamics of tin compounds. Leoben, Austria, May 2012 Heinz Gamsjäger, Chairman CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012 Acknowledgements For the preparation of this book, the authors have received financial support from the NEA TDB Phase III Project. The following organisations take part in the project: ONDRAF/NIRAS, Belgium NWMO, Canada RAWRA, Czech Republic POSIVA, Finland ANDRA, France CEA, France KIT, Germany JAEA, Japan ENRESA, Spain SKB, Sweden SKI, Sweden ENSI, Switzerland NAGRA, Switzerland PSI, Switzerland NDA, United Kingdom DoE, United States Heinz Gamsjäger would like to express his gratitude to the Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie of the Montanuniversität Leoben for having provided the infrastructure necessary for his contributions to this project. Tamás Gajda gratefully acknowledges the technical support of the Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry at the University of Szeged. The authors thank the TDB III Management Board for funding the experimental programme which enabled them to determine the standard potential of the Sn4+/Sn2+ couple which thermodynamically links Sn(II) and Sn(IV) chemistry. Heinz Gamsjäger greatly appreciates Robert Lemire’s continuous willingness to share his expertise and to give invaluable advice in all TDB review matters. The unceasing efforts of Federico Mompean are greatly appreciated. He acted as co-ordinator for the TDB Sn project during the time the first version of this book was assembled and drafted and the part on solid and gaseous compounds of tin was edited CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012 viii Acknowledgements for peer review. The authors are also indebted to Mireille Defranceschi who succeeded in the position as co-ordinator from 2008 to 2010. A special acknowledgement goes to Jane Perrone who accompanied the evolution of the tin review from start to finish as volume editor and finally as series editor and project co-ordinator. She provided a pleasant working climate at TDB Sn meetings and harmonised several author contributions, prepared in many different formats, with admirable alertness and scientific competence. The entire manuscript has undergone a peer review by an independent, international group of reviewers, according to the procedures in the TDB-6 Guideline, available from the NEA. The peer reviewers have seen and approved the modifications made by the authors in response to their comments. The peer review comment records may be obtained on request from the NEA. The peer reviewers were Prof. Erik Rosén, University of Umeå, Sweden for the section on solid and gaseous compounds of tin and Prof. Willis Forsling, University of Luleå, Sweden for the section on solution chemistry. Their valuable contributions to this review are gratefully acknowledged. CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS OF TIN, ISBN 978-92-64-99206-1, © OECD 2012

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Chemical Thermodynamics of Solid Solutions of Interest in Nuclear Waste. Management. of the solution chemistry group Review procedure and results .
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