ebook img

Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization (Civil and Environmental Engineering) PDF

583 Pages·2003·9.415 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization (Civil and Environmental Engineering)

Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization ———————————i————————————— Third Edition, Revised and Expanded Reuben H. Karol Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A. MARCEL MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK • BASEL Library of CongressCataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog recordfor this bookis available from the Libraryof Congress. ISBN: 0-8247-4065-3 Thisbookis printedonacid-free paper. Headquarters Marcel Dekker,Inc. 270Madison Avenue, NewYork, NY 10016 tel: 212-696-9000;fax: 212-685-4540 Eastern Hemisphere Distribution Marcel DekkerAG Hutgasse 4, Postfach812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland tel: 41-61-260-6300;fax:41-61-260-6333 WorldWide Web http://www.dekker.com The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk quantities. For moreinformation,writetoSpecialSales/ProfessionalMarketingattheheadquarters address above. Copyright #2003byMarcelDekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Neitherthisbooknoranypartmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorby any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording,orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissionin writing from the publisher. Current printing (last digit): 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 PRINTED INTHE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA Civil and Environmental Engineering A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks Editor Michael D. Meyer Department of Qvil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 1. Preliminary Design of Bridges for Architects and Engineers Michele Melaragno 2. Concrete Forrnwork Systems Awad S. Hanna 3. Multilayered Aquifer Systems: Fundamentals and Applica- tions Alexander H.-D. Cheng 4. Matrix Analysis of Structural Dynamics: Applications and Earthquake Engineering Franklin Y. Cheng 5. Hazardous Gases Underground: Applications to Tunnel Engineering Barry R. Doyle 6. Cold-Formed Steel Structures to the AISI Specification Gregory J. Hancock, Thomas M. Murray, Duane S. Ellifritt 7. Fundamentals of Infrastructure Engineering: Civil Engi- neering Systems: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded Patrick H. McDonald 8. Handbook of Pollution Control and Waste Minimization edited by Abbas Ghassemi 9. Introduction to Approximate Solution Techniques, Numer- ical Modeling, and Finite Element Methods Victor N. Kaliakin 10. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering V. N. S, Murthy 11. Estimating Building Costs Calin M. Popescu, Kan Phaobunjong, Nuntapong Ovararin 12. Chemical Grouting and Soil Stabilization: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded Reuben H. Karol Additional Volumes in Production Preface to the Third Edition Over a decade has passed since publication of the second edition. During this time the major changes have been the movement of chemical grouting from remedial use to preventive use, and the development and growing use of other methods of ground improvement. Although new grouts have been developed, silicates and acrylics still dominate the domestic market. Increasing sophistication in grouting equipment and procedures, as well as in associated placement techniques, and the growing number of organizations specifying and using chemical grouts, have resulted in the broad acceptance of chemical grouting as a bona fide construction tool. The basics of chemical grouting remain largely unchanged and, with appropriate modifications and additions, occupy a major part of this edition. Over the years of teaching grouting, I have found it desirable to include informationon other acceptedprocedures forsoilmodificationand stabilization (as well as some very recent innovations) in sufficient detail to permitassessmentoftheplaceofgroutinginthecontractor’sarsenaloffield procedures. Other ground improvement techniques are now discussed in much greater detail than in the two previous editions. This past decade has seen rapidly growing concern for the problems causedbyhazardouswastes.Containmentofsuchwasteswilldemandmore andmoreattentioninthecomingyears.Groutingandotherprocedurescan iii iv Prefaceto theThirdEdition be used for containment, and the final chapter of this edition is devoted to that subject. The Internet has expanded tremendously since publication of the second edition, and now contains voluminous data related to methods of ground modification and improvement. For this reason, the chapter referencesnowincludeInternetsitesrelatedtothechaptertopics.Problems have been added, where appropriate, so that this edition may also be used for student instruction. Reuben H. Karol Preface to the Second Edition In the time since publication of the first edition, many changes have occurred involving the materials and practice of chemical grouting. First and foremost has been the growing acceptance of chemical grouting as a preventive measure, as well as a remedial measure. Together with this acceptance has come a significant increase in the number of small contractors working with chemical grouts. This positive growth has been fuelled by a better understanding of the properties and behavior of grouts, and by a spread of general knowledge of how to exploit those properties. These arethe factorsthat have prompted thewritingof asecondedition of thisbook.Whiletheoriginalmaterialisstillapplicable,thiseditionexpands the various topics presented earlier, and adds new topics that have either gained in importance or been developed since the publication of the first edition. In Chapter 1, additional information has been given on competitive methods: compressed air, freezing, and slurry walls. The subsection on historyhasbeenupdatedandexpanded.InChapter2,datahasbeenadded to better define soils for grouting purposes, and in Chapter 3, correlation between theory and grouting acceptance is discussed. Chapter 4 has been greatly expanded to include advances in knowledge of existing grouts, as well as properties of new materials. More emphasis is given to the silicates, still the major grout in the United States, v vi Prefaceto theSecondEdition and details of the available acrylates (the growing acrylamide replacement) are given. Many charts and tables have been added. In Chapter 5, the discussion of flow of grout through soils has been expanded. In Chapters 6 and 7, sections have been added concerning instrumentationanditsrelationshipstotheuseofshortgeltimesinthefield. Chapters 8 through to 12, which deal primarily with various field applications, have been expanded by the addition of new case histories and references to other articles. InChapter13,excerptshavebeenincludedofrecentspecificationsfor chemical grouts. Chapter 14 has been updated. Much new material has been added to the appendixes. Microfine cements are covered in Appendix A. These materials are not chemical grouts, but they rival the chemical grouts in penetrability and strength. Setting times, however, are very long. This opens the future to growing use ofmixturesofchemicalgroutsandmicrofinecementstooptimizethebetter properties of each. Other appendixes list a computer program for determination of optimalgroutholespacing,atestprocedurefordeterminingdesignstrength of grouted soils, and a glossary of terms. Reuben H. Karol Preface to the First Edition As this book is being written, we are on the threshold of a new era in chemical grouting. The federal government and many universities have begun to take serious interest in the engineering applications of chemical grouts. The research now underway and that planned for the future will go far in improving the reliability and efficiency of a field grouting project. At thesame time, concerns overenvironmental pollution andpersonnelhealth hazardsthreatentoeliminatesomeofthemostversatilechemicalgroutsand have spurred a search for new safer materials. IntheUnitedStates,large-scaleuseofcementgroutsbeganattheturn of the century, when federal agencies began treating dam foundation sites. The practices and specifications developed for those purposes quickly became the unofficial grouting standards for virtually all grouting projects in the United States. In later years this was to prove a deterrent to the developing chemical grouts because of the tendency to force cement grouting practices on materials with properties and capabilities vastly different from cement. Applicators with previous cement experience (and who didn’t have some?) insisted on handling chemical grouts as if they were low-viscosity, expensive cement grouts. In particular, pumping with long gel times to a pressure refusal, common practice with cement, is very wasteful and inefficient with vii

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.