Chemical fungal taxonomy

857 Pages·1998·4.42 MB·English

by  Jens C. Frisvad

title: Chemical Fungal Taxonomy
author: Frisvad, Jens C.
publisher: CRC Press
isbn10 | asin: 0824700694
print isbn13: 9780824700690
ebook isbn13: 9780585158143
language: English
subject Fungi--Chemotaxonomy.
publication date: 1998
lcc: QK603.2.C48 1998eb
ddc: 579.5/01/2
subject: Fungi--Chemotaxonomy.
Page i
Chemical Fungal Taxonomy
edited by
Jens C. Frisvad
Technical University of Denmark
Lyngby, Denmark
Paul D. Bridge
International Mycological Institute
Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
Dilip K. Arora
Banaras Hindu University
Varanasi, India
M D I
ARCEL EKKER, NC.
N Y B H K
EW ORK ASEL ONG ONG
Page ii
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chemical fungal taxonomy / edited by Jens C. Frisvad. Paul D.
Bridge, Dilip K. Arora.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8247-0069-4 (alk. paper)
1. Fungi--Chemotaxonomy. I. Frisvad. Jens C. II. Bridge, Paul D. III.
Arora, Dilip K.
QK603.2.C48 1998
579.5'01'2--dc21 98-8044
CIP
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Headquarters
Marcel Dekker, Inc.
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
tel: [phone]: fax: [phone]
Eastern Hemisphere Distribution
Marcel Dekker AG
Hutgasse 4, Postfach 812, CH-4001 Basel, Switzerland
tel: [phone]; fax: [phone]
World Wide Web
http://www.dekker.com
The publisher offers discounts on this book when ordered in bulk
quantities. For more information, write to Special Sales/Professional
Marketing at the headquarters address above.
Copyright © 1998 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in
any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publisher.
Current printing (last digit):
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Page iii
Preface
A large volume of literature is available on basic and applied
mycology, covering aspects such as taxonomy and phylogeny,
physiology, biochemistry, comparative morphology, genetics and
molecular biology, pathology, and fungal metabolites including
mycotoxins and ecology. Mycology is also often a significant
component in studies of foods, biodeterioration, and health
publications. A stable, reliable taxonomy for the fungi is a prerequisite
for workers in all of these disciplines, to facilitate communication and
to allow comparisons to be made between different subject areas. But
until now, the various aspects of chemical fungal taxonomy had never
been covered in one book.
Historically, fungal taxonomy has developed from classical botanical
approaches, and most taxonomic characters are based on
morphological attributes or associations with particular hosts.
However, chemical methods have played an important role in the
taxonomy of yeasts, where there are few morphological features, and
in the taxonomy of lichens and some lichen-associated fungi.
Chemical taxonomy, in its broadest sense, has often been limited to a
small number of filamentous microfungi, although the application of
some chemical and physiological characters in wider taxonomic
schemes is becoming more common. For example, immunological
methods are widely used for the diagnosis of fungal diseases in
animals and are now considered for the diagnosis of a wide range of
plant pathogenic fungi.
Recent developments in molecular biology have resulted in new
techniques, such as restriction site mapping, becoming widely
available in biological laboratories. The incorporation of such
methods in systematics has revolutionized many taxonomic schemes,
allowing the characterization of individual isolates while also
permitting phylogenetic and other evolutionary inferences to be made.
One disadvantage to the adoption of new techniques is that they have
often been undertaken by specialists. As a result, chemical and
molecular biology approaches in systematics have been applied
independently, so comparisons between such schemes, and with those
based on classical characters, are difficult
Page iv
to make. Similarly, important publications in these fields have been
published in a wide range of specialist journals and books.
It is therefore timely and important to present a broad range of
information on these techniques, and their applications in systematic
mycology, in a single volume. We have asked the authors of
individual chapters to give a full and critical account of the use of
particular methods in fungal systematics and hope that this volume
will then serve as a valuable reference source. The book will be of
particular value for university and industrial scientists actively
involved in many applied mycological disciplines, but especially
human and plant pathology, food quality, industrial mycology
including screening for strains, applications or production of
stereospecific transformations, fermentations of enzymes, and
production of pharmacological products. It will be of particular value
for interdisciplinary scientists and for mycologists, botanists, soil
microbiologists, molecular biologists, microbial ecologists,
biotechnologists, agriculturalists, and graduate school students in
microbiology, mycology, botany, plant pathology, microbial ecology,
and biotechnology.
We would like to thank the authors for their contributions and for all
their effort. We would also like to thank Ms. Sandra Beberman for her
dedicated editorial assistance.
JENS C. FRISVAD
PAUL D. BRIDGE
DILIP K. ARORA
Page v
Contents
Preface iii
Contributors vii
1. Chemical Fungal Taxonomy: An Overview 1
Jens C. Frisvad, Paul D. Bridge, and Dilip K. Arora
2. Numerical Analysis of Fungal Chemotaxonomic Data 19
Paul D. Bridge and Gerald S. Saddler
3. Use of PCR and RFLP in Fungal Systematics 51
Véronique Edel
4. Proteins in Fungal Taxonomy 77
Grégoire L. Hennebert and Marc Vancanneyt
5. Use of Isozymes in Fungal Taxonomy and Population 107
Studies
Søren Rosendahl and Søren Banke
6. Fungal Immunotaxonomy 121
S. H. W. Notermans, M. A. Cousin, G. A. De Ruiter, and F.
M. Rombouts
7. Taxonomic Applications of Polysaccharides 153
J. Antonio Leal and Manuel Bernabé
8. Chemotaxonomy of Fungi by Unsaponifiable Lipids 183
R. Russell Monteith Paterson
9. Fatty Acids in Fungal Taxonomy 219
J. L. F. Kock and A. Botha

Page vi
10. Carbohydrates and Their Impact on Fungal Taxonomy 247
Gaby E. Pfyffer
11. Volatiles in Fungal Taxonomy 263
Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen
12. Role and Use of Secondary Metabolites in Fungal 289
Taxonomy
Jens C. Frisvad, Ulf Thrane, and Ole Filtenborg
13. Special Metabolites in Relation to Conditions of 321
Growth
J. M. Frank
14. Taxonomic Use of Metabolic Data in Lichen-Forming 345
Fungi
Helge Thorsten Lumbsch
Index 389