Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses PDF
Preview Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses
CHEMICAL EXPOSURE AND TOXIC RESPONSES CHEMICAL EXPOSURE AND TOXIC RESPONSES Edited by Stephen K. Hall Joana C hakraborty RandallJ.Ruch o Boca Raton New Y ork London Tokyo Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Chemical exposure and toxic responses / editors, Stephen K. Hall, Joana Chakraborty, Randall J. Ruch. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56670-239-9 Calk. paper) I. Industrial toxicology. 2. Toxicology. I. H all, Stephen K. II. Chakraborty, Joana. III. Ruch, Randall J. RA1229.C457 1996 615.9'02-dc20 96-20459 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. ' Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or. by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any infor lI\ation storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All rights reserved. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the personal or internal use of specific clients, may be granted by CRC Press, Inc., provided that $ .5'0 per page photocopied is paid directly to Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 USA. The fee code for users of the Transactional Reporting Service is ISBN 1-56670 239-9/97/$0.00+$.50. The fee is subject to change without notice. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. The consent of CRC Press does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained from CRC Press for such copying. Direct all inquiries to CRC Press 2000 Corporate Blvd., N.W., Boca Raton, Florida 33431. © 1996 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Tnforma business No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number 1-56670-239-9 Library of Congress Card Number 96-20459 Printed in the United States of America 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Preface Exposure to toxic chemicals and its biologic responses has become a major focus for an increasing number of health professionals. Industrial hygienists, safety professionals, public and environmental health specialists, nurses, phy sicians, emergency planners and responders, and many other professionals are all intimately involved in the evaluation and analysis of exposures to toxic chemicals. Over the past decade, the scope and importance of hazardous materials toxicology has expanded beyond health professionals, and now impacts an enormous number of nonhealth-related groups such as financial institutions, city, state, and county planning boards, private corporations, and many other organizations. Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses attempts to present the myriad actual and potential health implications of hazardous chemicals in a single source. This book is organized so that one can proceed from a general per spective on the scope of the problem of chemical exposure and toxic responses to an understanding of toxicology and a method of inquiry. It i s imperative that the persons who make the decisions to manufacture and use toxic chem icals be aware of their responsibility for potential effects on workers, users of products, and the environment. Chemical E xposure and T oxic Responses is the product of the authors ' and editors' involvement in industrial toxicology. Written' for those who need' practical toxicological information, the book compactly and efficiently pre sents the scientific basis of toxicology as it applies to the workplace, covers' the diverse chemical hazards encountered in the modern work envin;mment, and provides a practical understanding of these hazards for those concerned with protecting the health and well being of people at work. Chemical Exposure and Toxic Responses consists of three parts: Part I establishes the general principles of industrial toxicology; Part II addresses specific effects of toxic agents on specific physiological organs and systems; and Part III is devoted to the evaluation of hazards in the workplace. Editor Stephen K. Hall. With more than 20 years experience in occupational health and safety, Stephen K. Hall is a well-known corporate consultant on toxicol ogy, industrial hygiene, and chemical safety. Dr. Hall has made a career of successfully helping clients achieve compliance with federal and state occu pational safety and health regulations. He holds certifications as an industrial hygienist in toxicological aspects, a hazardous materials manager, a hazard control manager, a hazardous waste specialist, and a clinical laboratory scien tist. He has served as dean of health sciences at several academic institutions and is the author of numerous books and journal articles on toxicology and other aspects of chemical safety. Associate Editors Joana Chakraborty. A scholar, scientist, and educator, Dr. Joana Chakraborty is a professor in the Department of Physiology and Molecular Medicine at the Medical College of Ohio at Toledo. For the past 26 years, she has been involved in teaching medical, nursing, and physical therapy students and made major contributions in the area of reproductive physiology. Dr. Chakraborty has published numerous scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals and presented papers in national and international meetings. She is a recipient. of many prizes, including a post-doctoral fellowship from the National Institute of Health and a fellowship from the Ford Foundation. Randall J. Ruch. Dr. Randall J. Ruch has been an assistant professor of toxicology in the Department of Pathology at the Medical College of Ohio since 1992. Currently, he is the course director of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology andparticipates in teaching other toxicology, oncology, and pathol ogy courses at the Medical College of Ohio. His research in experimental carcinogenesis and hepatotoxicity is funded by the National Cancer Institute, The Department of Defense, and the American Institute for Cancer Research. Contributors Joana Chakraborty James A. Hampton Medical College of Ohio Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Cathleen M. Crawford Maureen M. McCorquodale Crawford Communication University of Illinois at Chicago Consultants Chicago, Illinois Palos Heights, Illinois Randall J. Ruch Robert B. Forney, Jr. Medical College of Ohio Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Herman A. J. Schut Amira F. Gohara Medical College of Ohio Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Joseph C. Siglin Peter J. Goldblatt Medical College of Ohio Medical College of Ohio Toledo, Ohio Toledo, Ohio Gary D. Stoner Stephen K. Hall The Ohio State University Envirotox, Inc. Columbus, Ohio San Francisco, California Table of Contents Part I: General Principles Chapter 1. Basic Concepts of Exposure and Response .............................. 3 Robert Forney Chapter 2. Metal Exposure and Toxic Responses .................................... 21 Stephen K. H all Chapter 3. Solvent Exposure and Toxic Responses .................................. 39 Stephen K. Hall Chapter 4. Chemical Exposure and Cancer ................................ , ............. 53 Gary D. Stoner Chapter 5. Chemical Exposure and' Hypersensitivity ............................... 65 Stephen K. Hall Part II: Toxic Responses Chapter 6. Toxic Responses of the Lung .................................................. 77 Stephen K. Hall Chapter 7. Toxic Responses of the Blood ....................................... :. ...... 103 Stephen K. Hall Chapter 8. Toxic Responses of the Liver ................................................ 111 Randall J. Ruch Chapter 9. Toxic Responses of the Kidney .........................................~ ... 121 James A. Hampton Chapter 10. Toxic Responses of the Skin ................................................. 133 Randall J. Ruch Chapter 11. Toxic Responses of the Nervous System .............................. 141 Joseph C. Siglin Chapter 12. Toxic Responses of the Female Reproductive System ......... 159 Joana Chakraborty and Maureen M. McCorquodale Chapter 13. Toxic Responses of the Male Reproductive System ............. 177 Joana Chakraborty . Chapter 14. Toxic Responses of the Cardiovascular System ................... 191 Peter Goldblatt Chapter 15. Toxic Responses of the Immune System .............................. 201 Amira F. Gohara Part HI: The Work Environment
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