Chemical Engineering Vocabulary

310 Pages·2014·10.25 MB·309\310

by  Maximilian Lackner

Maximilian Lackner
Chemical Engineering
Vocabulary
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Maximilian Lackner
Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
2
Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
2nd edition
© 2014 Maximilian Lackner & BoBoCoAe
ISBN-10 87-403-0645-3
ISBN-13 978-87-403-0645-3
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Chemical Engineering Vocabulary Contents
Contents
About the book 5
Chemical Engineering Vocabulary 6

4
Chemical Engineering Vocabulary About the book
About the book
The Chemical Engineering Vocabulary was written for students and young professionals in chemistry,
mechanical engineering, chemical engineering and economics, who have to do with chemical engineering
in an academic or industrial setting.
All entries come with a sentence, which shows the application and, in addition, provides a piece of
relevant and interesting information. In contrast to common dictionaries, this book does not have trivial
entries (e.g. filter/Filter, metal/Metall, vacuum/Vakuum, project/Projekt). Only terms that are relevant
for work, 2600, were selected.
After studying these terms from the areas of chemistry, engineering and chemical engineering,
supplemented by important entries from neighbouring disciplines such as pharmaceutics, economics,
law and safety, the reader will have a solid vocabulary at his/her disposal, so that he/she can communicate
in all areas of the process industries in a competent way and make use of the scientific and technical
literature efficiently.
Note: The second part of this book entitled “Verfahrenstechnik Wortschatz” can also be downloaded
for free at Bookboon.com.
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Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
a.u. (sci.)
Acronym/Abbreviation referral: see arbitrary units
A/P (econ.)
Acronym/Abbreviation referral: see accounts payable
A/R (econ.)
Acronym/Abbreviation referral: see accounts receivable
abrasive abrasiv; Schleifmittel, das (eng.)
C alcium carbonate can be used as abrasive, for example as “polishing agent”
in toothpaste.
absorbance Absorbanz, die (chem.)
I n contrast to absorption, the absorbance A is directly proportional to the
concentration of the absorbing species. A is calculated as ln (l /l) with l being
0 0
the initial and l the transmitted light intensity, respectively.
absorption Absorption, die (chem.)
Th e absorption of light is often called attenuation and must not be mixed up
with adsorption, an effect at the surface of a solid or liquid. Absorption of liquids
and gases means that they diffuse into a liquid or solid.
abstract Zusammenfassung, die (sci.)
An abstract is a summary of a scientific piece of work.
AC (eng.)
Acronym/Abbreviation referral: see alternating current
academic Akademiker, der; akademisch (sci.)
The Royal Society, which was founded in 1660, was the first academic society.
acceleration Beschleunigung, die (eng.)
In SI units, acceleration is measured in meters/second2.
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Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
accompanying element Begleitelement, das (chem.)
A fter precipitation, the thallium had to be separated from the accompanying
elements. TI (atomic number 81) is highly toxic and can be found in rat poisons
and insecticides.
accounting Buchhaltung, die (econ.)
Working in accounting requires paying attention to details.
accounts payable Schulden, die; Verbindlichkeiten, die (econ.)
Acronym (engl.): A/P
Th e controller proposed to delay payment of accounts payable in order to have
enough liquidity for another transaction.
accounts receivable Außenstände, die; Forderungen, die; Debitorenkonto, das (econ.)
Acronym (engl.): A/R
The young accountant was working with accounts receivable.
accrual Abgrenzung, die; Rechnungsabgrenzung, die (econ.)
A ccrual is an accounting concept to allocate expenses and revenue to the
correct time. Here is an example: On December 20, 2009, a company delivered
a product to a customer who was expected to pay 30 days later. Still, the income
was disclosed in the income statement of 2009, although payment would only
be received in the upcoming fiscal year.
acetic acid Essigsäure, die (chem.)
Th e melting point of acetic acid is 16.5°C. The formula of this organic compound
is CH COOH.
3
achromatic farblos, achromatisch (chem.)
An achromatic lens is used when color abberation needs to be avoided.
acicular nadelförmig (chem.)
Th e MSDS (material safety data sheet) describes wollastonite as an acicular
material.
acid Säure, die (chem.)
A superacid is an acid that has a greater acidity than 100% sulfuric acid, such
as fluorosulfuric acid (FSO H).
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Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
acid scavenger Säurefänger, der (chem.)
I n the rubber industry, acid scavengers are used to neutralize traces of halogen
anions (halogenides) which are released during aging and which would otherwise
prematurely destroy material performance. Lead oxides and lead salts are very
effective acid scavengers in this application, however, they are being phased out
due to environmental concerns.
acid value Säurezahl, die (pharm., chem.)
The acid value is an important quality parameter of biodiesel.
acid-fast säurebeständig (pharm.)
Acid-fast organisms are difficult to characterize using Gram staining.
acidify, to ansäuern (chem.)
The chemist acidified the sample by adding a few drops of prussic acid.
acidulous säuerlich (chem.)
The apple had an acidulous taste.
acme thread Trapezgewinde, das (eng.)
A cme threads can be found in machines that have to bear high loads such as a
lathe or a vice.
acrid beißend, scharf (chem.)
The acrid smoke from the wildfire could be smelled 10 km away.
action level Aktionsschwellenwert, der (chem. eng.)
The action level of formaldehyde was determined as 0.5 ppm.
action limit, Wirkgrenze, die (pharm.)
action level
Th e action limit of estradiol, a steroid that is derived from cholesterol, was found
to be 0.04 µg/l in pigs.
action of a drug Arzneimittelwirkung, die (pharm.)
The action of the drug was not yet fully understood.
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Chemical Engineering Vocabulary
activated charcoal, Aktivkohle, die (chem.)
activated carbon
A ctivated charcoal (activated carbon) is used for gas purification and sewage
treatment.
activation energy Aktivierungsenergie, die (chem.)
Th e term “activation energy” was introduced in 1889 by Arrhenius. A catalyst
changes the transition state to lower the activation energy. A biological catalyst
is called enzyme.
active compound wirksamer Bestandteil, der (pharm.)
G eneric medicinal products contain the same active compounds as the original
products.
active ingredient Wirksubstanz, die (pharm.)
A drug is normally not administered as a pure substance: The typical dosage form
of a drug is a mixture of the active ingredient (AI) and at least one excipient,
which is pharmaceutically inert.
Acronym (engl.): AI
active pharmaceutical (pharm.)
ingredient
Acronym/Abbreviation referral: see active ingredient
Acronym (engl.): API
active substance Wirkstoff, der (pharm.)
Acronym (engl.): API, AI
R ecent research results suggest that carnosic acid, the active substance in the
herb rosemary is neuroprotective.
actuator Antrieb, der; Auslöser, der; Aktuator, der; Bedienungselement, das (eng.)
The actuator did not work properly.
actuator, Stellantrieb, der (eng.)
actuating drive,
servo drive
A pneumatic actuator converts energy, typically in the form of compressed air,
into motion, which can be rotary or linear.
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