Chemical ecology: the ecological impacts of marine natural products

417 Pages·2019·8.98 MB·English

by  Becerro

Chemical Ecology

Chemical Ecology

The Ecological Impacts of Marine
Natural Products
Edited by
Melany P. Puglisi
Mikel A. Becerro
K23690_Title Page.indd 2 07/05/18 1:28:51 PM
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Dedication
“The delicate balance of mentoring
someone is not to create them in
your own image, but giving them the
CRC Press opportunity to create themselves.”
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Steven Spielberg
© 2019 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works This book is dedicated to Dr. Valerie Paul, a lifelong mentor and
friend who has encouraged us and provided us with so many
Printed on acid-free paper
opportunities to learn and grow into our own careers. Her scientific
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-4880-7 (Hardback)
contributions make her one of the most recognized experts in the field
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
of marine chemical ecology, however her kind personality, life attitude,
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers and friendship touches the lives of all who have had the opportunity
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material to get to know her. Dr. Paul is a former Professor of Biology at the
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint.
University of Guam Marine Laboratory, Mangilao, GU and currently
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, the Director of the Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Piece, FL.
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage
or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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Contents
Foreword ...................................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................xi
Editors ....................................................................................................................xiii
Contributors .............................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1 Marine Natural Products with Pharmacological Properties ................1
David J. Newman and Gordon M. Cragg
Chapter 2 The Status of Marine Chemical Ecology in Antarctica: Form
and Function of Unique High-Latitude Chemistry ............................27
Jacqueline L. von Salm, Kathryn M. Schoenrock,
James B. McClintock, Charles D. Amsler,
and Bill J. Baker
Chapter 3 From the Tropics to the Poles: Chemical Defense Strategies in
Sea Slugs (Mollusca: Heterobranchia) ...............................................71
Conxita Avila, Laura Núñez-Pons, and Juan Moles
Chapter 4 The Chemical Ecology of Seagrasses ..............................................165
Kathryn L. Van Alstyne and Dianna K. Padilla
Chapter 5 The Evolution of Marine Herbivores in Response to Algal
Secondary Metabolites .....................................................................193
Erik E. Sotka, Veijo Jormalainen, and Alistair G. B. Poore
Chapter 6 The Role of Natural Products in Structuring Microbial
Communities of Marine Algae .........................................................221
Jennifer M. Sneed and Melany P. Puglisi
Chapter 7 New Insights into the Chemical Ecology of Vibrio cholerae ..........237
Jason R. Graff and David C. Rowley
Chapter 8 Interactions Between Microorganisms as Modulators of Natural
Product Biosynthesis ........................................................................261
Amy L. Lane and Taylor A. Lundy
vii
viii Contents
Chapter 9 Predator–Prey Interactions in the Marine Plankton: The Role of
Signals, Cues, and Defensive Compounds .......................................291
Emily K. Prince and Kelsey L. Poulson-Ellestad
Chapter 10 Chemical Ecology of Marine Invertebrate Larval Settlement .........329
Tilmann Harder, Jan Tebben, Mareen Möller, and Peter J. Schupp
Chapter 11 Chemical Ecology of Marine Bryozoans .........................................357
Grace Lim-Fong and Rian Kabir
Chapter 12 Spatial and Temporal Variability in Sponge Chemical Defense ......373
Sven Rohde and Peter J. Schupp
Index ......................................................................................................................397
Foreword
“The Dawn and Evolution of Marine Chemical Ecology”
On land, perhaps beginning with the acceptance of herbal medicines, it was clear
that plants, insects, and animals had evolved the production of bioactive metabolites.
Although not well articulated in the early years, it became clear much later that these
compounds formed the foundation of defense and communication. Decades later,
Whittaker and Feeny’s classic 1971 paper, “Allelochemics: Chemical Interactions
between Species,” provided an organizational foundation for describing the vari-
ous functions of these adaptive chemical compounds. During the same period, and
in stark contrast, knowledge of the chemistry of marine life was fundamentally
non-existent. Early chemical studies by Richard Moore and Paul Scheuer in Hawaii
focused on the fascinating pigments of the brightly colored echinoderms, while stud-
ies of toxic edible marine species formed a major area of research in Japan. However,
the natural functions of these elaborate metabolites remained unexplored for at least
another decade.
One of the first areas to be explored was the role of marine algal metabolites
in structuring predator prey relationships. The unique chemical components of the
seaweeds, many of which were produced by a revolutionary halogen-based biosyn-
thesis, provided ample rationale to consider these compounds as providing an adap-
tive role. Chemists, whose background was limited in ecology, began to agitate their
ecologist colleagues to accept this reasonable hypothesis. As time passed, chemists
openly interacted with young marine ecologists to emphasize how important this
work could be in shaping marine ecology.
A story comes to mind that demonstrates the level of understanding in the early
1970s. For several years, biological oceanographers had mapped the world’s oceans,
measuring chlorophyll and relating their measurements to overall oceanic produc-
tivity assuming the food chain transfer of phytoplankton nutrients into the higher
trophic levels. They quantified their chlorophyll data to high resolution, never ques-
tioning the validity of their assumptions. In the late 1970s, copepod feeding studies
clearly showed that these herbivores carefully select phytoplankton, avoiding a large
abundance of chemically rich and un-preferred prey. Alas, the very foundation of
their work was now considered questionable if not completely useless. The roles of
chemical feeding inhibitors had simply not been considered in assessing how the
oceans function.
In the mid-to-late 1970s, young marine ecologists took note of the potential of
this new, developing field. The opisthobranchs were found to be specialists prey-
ing on chemically defended plants and animals in order to use their defenses for
their own. The hypothesis that the shell-less opisthobranch mollusks had, over evo-
lutionary time, lost their shell provided great insight into the complexity of chemical
mediators in marine evolution.
ix