Chemical Analysis of Firearms, Ammunition and Gunshot Residue

318 Pages·2008·4.94 MB·English

Chemical Analysis
of
Firearms, Ammunition,
and Gunshot Residue
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I N T E R N AT I O N A L F O R E N S I C S C I E N C E A N D
I N V E S T I G AT I O N S E R I E S
Series Editor: Max Houck
Firearms, the Law and Forensic Ballistics Fire Investigation
T A Warlow N Nic Daéid
ISBN 9780748404322 ISBN 9780415248914
1996 2004
Scientific Examination of Documents: Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin
methods and techniques, 2nd edition Impressions
D Ellen C Champod, C J Lennard, P Margot,
ISBN 9780748405800 and M Stoilovic
1997 ISBN 9780415271752
2004
Forensic Investigation of Explosions
A Beveridge Firearms, the Law, and Forensic
ISBN 97807484 05657 Ballistics, Second Edition
1998 Tom Warlow
ISBN 9780415316019
Forensic Examination of Human Hair
2004
J Robertson
ISBN 9780748405671 Forensic Computer Crime
1999 Investigation
Thomas A. Johnson
Forensic Examination of Fibres,
ISBN 9780824724351
2nd edition
2005
J Robertson and M Grieve
ISBN 9780748408160 Analytical and Practical Aspects
1999 of Drug Testing in Hair
Pascal Kintz
Forensic Examination of Glass and Paint:
ISBN 9780849364501
analysis and interpretation
2006
B Caddy
ISBN 9780748405794 Nonhuman DNA Typing:
2001 Theory and Casework Applications
Heather M Coyle
Forensic Speaker Identification
ISBN 9780824725938
P Rose
2007
ISBN 9780415 27182 7
2002 Chemical Analysis of Firearms,
Ammunition, and Gunshot Residue
Bitemark Evidence
James Smyth Wallace
B. J. Dorion
ISBN 9781420069662
ISBN 9780824754143
2008
2004
The Practice of Crime Scene
Investigation
J Horswell
ISBN 9780748406098
2004
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I N T E R N AT I O N A L F O R E N S I C S C I E N C E
A N D I N V E S T I G AT I O N S E R I E S
Chemical Analysis
of
Firearms, Ammunition,
and Gunshot Residue
James Smyth Wallace
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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CRC Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Wallace, James Smyth.
Chemical analysis of firearms, ammunition, and gunshot residue / James
Smyth Wallace.
p. cm. ‑‑ (International forensic science and investigation ; 14)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978‑1‑4200‑6966‑2 (alk. paper)
1. Chemistry, Forensic. 2. Firearms. 3. Ammunition. I. Title. II. Series.
HV8073.W334 2008
363.25’62‑‑dc22 2008000780
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Dedication
To my first grandchild, Matthew

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Contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Author xix
Glossary xxi
I  IntroDuCtIon
1 Definitions 3
II  H  IstorICAl AsPeCts of fIreArms
AnD AmmunItIon
2 History of Gunpowder 13
3 History of Ignition systems 15
4 History of Bullets 19
5 History of Ammunition 23
6 History of firearms 29
III  C  HemICAl AsPeCts of fIreArms
AnD AmmunItIon
7 Cartridge Cases 35
8 Primer Cups (Caps) 39
ii
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iii Contents
9 Priming Compositions 41
10 Propellants 57
11 Projectiles 67
12 Complementary Ammunition Components 91
13 Caseless Ammunition 93
14 Blank Ammunition 95
15 firearm Construction materials 97
IV  fIreArm DIsCHArGe resIDue
16 firearm Discharge residue Detection techniques 103
17 Properties of firearm Discharge residue 123
V  exPerImentAl
18 objectives, sampling Procedures,
Instrumentation, and Conditions 137
19 Particle Classification scheme 143
20 Casework-related tests 157
21 Analysis of Ammunition 183
22 Ammunition Containing mercury 205
23 lead-free Ammunition 223
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Contents ix
VI  susPeCt ProCessInG ProCeDures
24 firearm Discharge residue sampling 233
VII   orGAnIC ComPonents of
fIreArm DIsCHArGe resIDue
25 sampling of skin and Clothing surfaces for
firearm Discharge residue 241
26 Development of a method for organic firearm
Discharge residue Detection 253
Conclusion 271
Index 277
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