Cheilanthes feei T. Moore (Pteridaceae) and Dryopteris erythrosora (D.C. Eaton) Kunze (Dryopteridaceae) New for the Flora of North Carolina

2012·1.6 MB·English

by  C J Rothfels

Shorter Notes
Cheilanthes Moore
feci T. (Pteridaceae) and Dryopteris erythrosora
(D.C.
Kunze New
Eaton)
(Dryopteridaceae)
for the Flora of North Carolina.—Recent
and herbarium work
field has added two
these species the spontaneous
to
flora
of the state of North Carolina, USA. Cheilanthes
feei is native to the center of
the continent; core range extends from Minnesota and
its eastern Texas, south
to northern Coahuila and Chihuahua, and west southern Nevada and
to
extreme
southeastern Columbia (Windham and
British Rabe,
Cheilanthes.
In:
New
Flora of North America. Oxford
University Press, York. 1993; Mickel and
The New
Smith, Pteridophytes Mexico. The York
of Botanical Garden
Press,
New
From
York.
2004). this core area, there are two reported The
disjunctions.
in central northern Kentucky Amer.
first, (Reed. Fern 42:53-56.
1952.)
is
J.
km
approximately 200 main New
and
east of the range, the second, along
the
River in western Virginia (Wieboldt and Amer.
Bentley, Fern 72:76-78.
J.
km
another 450
1982.)
is to the east. In both cases, the species was found on
limestone
or dolomitic
typical
cliffs, its habitat.
Recent Duke
curatorial
activities at the University herbarium (DUKE)
A
resulted in the discovery new
of this species as for North Carolina. single
specimen was
collected in 1930 by Hugo Blomquist Durham County
in (some
km
SE
200
of the nearest was
station, in Virginia), but misidentified
as the
common
more
Cheilanthes tomentosa The
Link. Blomquist specimen
is
undoubtedly and
C. feei not C. tomentosa, based on the absence on
of scales
and
the rachises and
costae, the glabrescent adaxial surfaces of the ultimate
segments.
Unfortunately,
the label data describe the collection location merely
"Eno Durham,
as River, NC." Given that Blomquist was based Durham, and
in
that his databased collections from June 1930 from North
are Carolina
all
Durham
(including one from www.
County: www.herbarium.unc.edu/seflora;
seems
tropicos.org), unlikely that record due
it this is to a labeling error.
Subsequent by
searches the authors and Eno
associates along the River
failed
discover any may
to extant populations, but such well
still exist.
This record continues noteworthy
a pattern of disjunction western
for
cheilanthoid most where
ferns: in cases a predominantly western species has
populations
east of the Appalachians,
the species involved an apomictic
is
Species
triploid. fitting this pattern include Cheilanthes eatonii Baker
feei, C.
castanea Maxon),
(C. C. alabamensis (Buckley) Kunze, and tomentosa. This
C.
pattern is also seen in the related genus Astrolepis, where two apomictic
triploids {A. sinuata (Lagasca ex Swartz) D.M. Benham & Windham
ssp.
and
sinuata A. integerrima (Hooker) D.M. Benham & Windham)
have
eastern
disjunct populations from
far their core western ranges (disjunct Georgia
to
and
Alabama,
respectively; Weakley, Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic
The
States. University of North Carolina Herbarium, Chapel NC.
Hill, 2011).
This tendency
apomictic have
for taxa to long-distance geographic disjunc-
tions is consistent with their breeding system. As asexuals, they need only
a
SHORTER NOTES
habitat. B) Close-up of a Photos: Sarah Zylinski.
leaf.
new
single spore to land in a suitable habitat in order to potentially establish a
many
population. In contrast, sexual cheilanthoid ferns appear unable to
undergo intragametophytic and thus require two spores
selfing, to establish
and produce gametophytes in close enough proximity to permit cross-
fertilization before a population can be established.
Cheilanthes Moore. Eno Durham, North Exposed
feeiT. River, Carolina. rocks.
(DUKE
H.L. Blomquist 1649 10973). June, 1930. Det'd M.D. Windham, 2006.
Like Dryopteris erythrosora an apomictic native
C. feei, is triploid. It is to
common
woodlands of eastern Asia but in the North American horticultural
is
where name Autumn
trade, sold under the Fern (Hoshizaki and Wilson,
is
it
Amer. Fern 89:1-98. 1999; Hoshizaki and Moran, Fern Grower's Manual.
J.
Timber Press, Portland, OR. 2001). In North America, has been reported from
it
Georgia (Weakley, 2011) and Arkansas (Simpson et aL, Amer. Fern 98:111-
J.
We
found growing habitat— suburban
112. 2008). in a typical a disturbed
it
—
woodlot Durham County, North was uncommon,
in Carolina. in the
It
company
of other native and nonnative taxa, without any indication of
(or
it
anything else) having been planted on the site or in the vicinity (Fig.
1).
While
Dryopteris erythrosora does not appear be spreading aggressively
to in
Durham, this report extends a potentially worrisome trend of non-native
temperate ferns naturalized from presumably horticultural sources
(e.g.,
—
Gorman
Macrothelypteris et aL, Journal of the Botanical Research Institute
—
Texas 5:343-344. Athyrium nipponicum and Deparia
of 2011; petersenii
Weakley, Hypolepis Bernh.— Phytoneuron
2011; tenuifolia (G. Forster) Peck,
30:1-33. 2011; Arachniodes—Gordon, Amer. Fern 71:65-68.
1981).
J.
Durham
Dryopteris erythrosora (D.C. Eaton) Kunze. County, North Carolina.
Durham
Durham, Old West neighborhood. Tributary of Ellerbe Creek,
just
AMERICAN FERN VOLUME NUMBER
JOURNAL:
102
2 (2012)
north of Sunset Ave, between Carolina Ave and Albany N36. 02361
St.
W78.92577 +/-8m. Two
Elevation: 153 m. plants seen (but there were more
earlier in the year; they presumably got washed away). above scour zone
Just
of small suburban on sandy
creek, disturbed, steep banks, with Impatiens,
Toxicodendron,
Polystichum, Boehmeria,
Viola, Vinca, other invasive
Under Moms,
shrubs, Acer negundo, weedy
Fraxinus,
etc. in ridge
etc.,
through
floodplain forest. 2010-August-08. Rothfels 3959, with
C.J. S.
(DUKE
Zylinski 401869). Det'd & August
Rothfels E. Sigel, 2010. C.
C.J.
!
Fraser-Jenkins (from August
photos), 2010.
We
thank
Christopher Fraser-Jenkins for confirming the identification of the
Amanda
Dylan
Dryopteris, Burge, Grusz, Beth Guy, Layne Fay-Wei
Huiet,
Li,
and
Pokory
Lisa for their efforts in our as-yet unsuccessful attempts
to locate
North
extant Carolina populations of Cheilanthes and Geiger
Jennifer
feei,
and two anonymous
(Editor) reviewers improvements manuscript.—
for to the
C. Rothfels, E. M. Sigel, and M. D. Windham, Department of Biology, Duke
J.
Durham,
University, North
Carolina.