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CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA Morton Speedy Cynthia M. Loree Section of Botany Section of Botany Museum Museum Carnegie of Natural History Carnegie of Natural History 4400 Avenue 4400 Avenue Forbes Forbes USA. USA. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, 15213, Jannes Bisse K. Section of Botany Museum Cleveland of Natural History Wade Oval Drive, University Circle Cleveland, Ohio 441 USA. 06, ABSTRACT Crawford County has been botanized since the early 1800s; however, a checklist of the county's vascular flora has not previously been A compiled. search of herbaria augmented by targeted fieldwork has resulted in of 1168 taxa of native and naturalized plants a list comprising 485 genera and 134 families. The five families, with the largest number of species, are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, and Liliaceae. Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, Salix, and Ruhus, art the five largest genera. There are approximately 208 non- native species that have been introduced mainly from Europe and Eurasia. This checklist recognizes 10 species of Lycophytes, 46 species Gymnosperms of Pteridophytes, 7 species of and 1105 species of Angiosperms. Ninety-seven species have global or state ranking. RESUMEN El Condado de Crawford, se localiza en el estado de Pennsylvania. Este condado es considerado una de las areas mas diversas del estado, sin embargo hasta ahora no ha sido completado un catalogo. Este catalogo contiene familias, generos, y taxa especificos que estan orde- nados alfabeticamente en los grupos de plantas vasculares tales como Pteridofitas, Glmnospermas y Angiospermas. Esta lista incluye los nombres de especies natlvas naturalizadas conocidas que ocurren en Condado de Crawford. Se encontraron un de menos 134 y el total al numero familias, 485 generos, y 1168 especies. Las cinco familias mayores, por el de especies, fueron Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, numero Rosaceae y Liliaceae. Los seis generos mayores, por el de especies, fueron Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, Salix y Rahus. INTRODUCTION known Even though Pennsylvania lacks checklists for most of its counties, the vascular flora thus far is quite Rhoads and 3318 2076 diverse. Klein (1993) reported taxa of vascular plants for the state, including native and 1242 introduced. Approximately 25 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties have floras completed, but some are unpublished theses and surveys and therefore unavailable the public. The exact number of genera to known and species in the flora of Cravv^ford County was not previously because a checklist had never been compiled. Such checklists provide baseline information that can be used monitor environmental changes to and guide conservation decisions. Description Site Crawford County is located in the northwestern corner of Pennsylvania, adjacent to Ohio (Fig. 1). It is bordered by the counties of Erie the north, Warren the Venango the southeast, and Mercer to to east, to to Named south. Colonel William Crawford on March 1800, the county contains approximately 2,690 for 12, cm km. Crawford County annual approximately 97 southwestern sq. receives total precipitation of in its cm 55% region and 112 in northwestern region; of this precipitation usually between April and its falls cm cm September. Average season snowfall 178 in the southwestern area, 230 to 240 in the central area, is cm May and more than 300 in the northeastern area. The last frost of the season usually around 15th is and the first frost of the season around October 6th. The length of the growing season, from the last killing - J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 (1): 631 653. 2007 632 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) Cambridge Twpj Spartansburg < ., Venango Bloomfield Rockda e Twp Cussewago Twp r\ i Twp Sparta ^ CamfciriclgeTwp Twp Springs enango Athens onneautvil J Rome Woodcock Center.ville Twp Summerhi Riclimond Saegertown Twp Twp Conneaut Woodcock Twp Twp Creek Oil I Bloorriing Summit Twp Valley Twp Pine Hydetown Linesville Meadviiie Twp Troy Randolph Vernon ;3 Twp IVIead Titusville Sadsbury Nortli Twp=r^ Slienango eaut Twp Lake L West Wayne South Shenango Twp Fatllowfield Twp Twp Greenwood West East K Cochranton Twp n^\^^\^\M Fairfield Shenango Fallowfield x^p Twp Twp 5 10 20 Kilometers 5 10 Miles + t f Crawford Pennsylvania County, Top: Crawford County, Pennsylvania and townships. Fig. 1 frost in spring to the first killing frost in autumn, ranges from 145 to 150 days in the southwestern region (USDA to 130 to 135 days in the northeastern region 1979). The soils of the county consist mainly of the following 7 series, covering at least 1,963 sq. km., or 75%, Crawford County: Venango, Cambridge, Frenchtown, Red Hook, and Alden. of Holly, Sheffield, make The Venango upland knobs and Series consists of nearly level flats, to side slopes of valleys that 29% up about of the county. These soils are weathered glacial that contain sandstone, siltstone, and shale. till They have very slow permeability and a moderate available water capacity. Most areas are cleared and used crops pasture or or are for idle. The Cambridge Series consists of nearly level areas to upland knobs, side slopes of valleys, and crests of slopes that make up about 13% of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial that contains till sandstone, and They have slow permeability and moderate water Most siltstone, shale. a available capacity. some wooded of the area is used for crops or pasture, but land is or idle. make 12% The Frenchtown and up Series consists of nearly level gently sloping areas that about of These weathered from and some the county. soils are glacial that contains sandstone, shale, crystalline till rocks. They have slow permeability and moderate available water capacity. Most of the area wooded but a is some areas are idle or used for crops or pasture land. make The Holly Series consists of nearly level soils that are on floodplains of major stream valleys that 9% up about of the county. These soils are weathered from recent stream deposits. They have moderate slow Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 633 al., permeability and a moderate to high available water capacity. Most of the area used for pasture land but is some woodland used areas are or idle or for crops. Hook The Red Series consists of nearly level to gently sloping soils on terraces in stream valleys that make 4% up about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial outwash. They have moderate per- meability and a moderate to high available water capacity. Most of the areas are used for woodland, pasture, crops or or are idle. make 4% The up Sheffield Series consists of poorly drained, nearly level soils that about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial that contains sandstone, shale, and some limestone. They have till very slow permeability and moderate available water capacity Most areas are woodlands but some contain a crops, pasture, or are idle. 4% make The Alden Series consists of nearly level soils with slight depressions that up about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial and local alluvium. They have low permeability and high till available water capacity. Most of the areas are woodlands, but pasture and idle lands are also present. Crawford County Northwestern Appalachian part of the Glaciated Plateau section of the Plateau is The Northwestern rounded uplands by Province. Glaciated Plateau section consists of broad, cut long, linear valleys. The uplands are transected by flat-floored, narrow to wide valleys and are separated from adjacent uplands by steep slopes on one or both sides of the valley. The valleys are oriented northwest-southeast and (USDA are linear with the valley floors often containing wetlands. Elevation ranges from 900 to 2,200 feet 1979). Crawford County contain stands of old growth, timber that has been logged very or never. Old little 5% growth makes up less than of the forests remaining in the United States and contains unique trees that make One a significant contribution to forest biodiversity. site is the Tryon-Weber Woods, which has 40 acres of rare hardwood old growth, containing American beech and sugar maples. This type of forest the is only remaining stand in Pennsylvania. During early settlement, most of Pennsylvania was covered with Eastern hemlock, white pine, and mixed hardwoods. Erom then until the early 1900s forests were logged and as the forests were clear-cut, fast growing species quickly regenerated. The forest structure since then has mixed hardwoods. shifted to The effects of herbivory on individual species and isolated populations have been documented for Crawford County; region wide effects on the flora are evident but not well documented. Over time, selective browsing by densely populated deer can result in reduced species richness and altered species composition, with dominance by a few non-preferred and browsing-resilient species. Unpalatable and browsing-resilient species become abundant and can interfere with the reestablishment of preferred and less browsing-resilient woody species. Overall, heavy browsing by deer in plant communities can change the trajectory of forest vegetation development. Whether these changes for Crawford County are permanent is a matter of scientific debate and will most likely be determined in due time and with additional studies. Crawford County contains several major watersheds, which contain large wetland areas. Several major watersheds include the Shenango River Watershed, Erench Creek Watershed, Oil Creek Watershed and the Conneaut Creek Watershed. The Crawford County area of the Shenango Creek Watershed comprises 120,700 acres. The tributaries of Shenango Creek in Crawford County include Paden Creek, Linesville Creek and Crooked Creek. The impoundment, Pymatuning which man-made watershed includes a major Lake, is the largest reservoir in Pennsylvania. Pymatuning Lake drains into the Shenango system from two outlets. The Crooked first is Creek in Crawford County, which flows southward through the Pymatuning Marsh and the second the is Shenango River, which flows southward out of the western lobe of the lake between South and West Shenango Two Townships. other features within the Crawford County portion of the Shenango River Watershed are Crystal Lake and Dollar Lake. Both Crystal and Dollar Lakes are glacial kettle lakes formed during the last Age. Ice The French Creek Watershed encompasses 1270 sq. mi. in area; with approximately 41% of Crawford 634 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) County lying therein. Wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and fens are found within the French Creek all watershed. Conneaut Marsh an example of wetland that works control flooding, excess nutrients is a to filter in the water and provide habitats several aquatic species. French Creek contains major waterways and to many much smaller streams. The area within the watershed has overland flow, which picks up pollutants. Consequently one of the major threats the French Creek watershed non-point source pollution. However, to is to date has been characterized as having very good to excellent water quality. The watershed is hailed as it one of the most ecologically diverse systems in Pennsylvania. The Oil Creek Watershed located in the eastern part of Crawford County. Oil Creek flows mainly is within Venango, Crawford and Warren Counties and approximately 340 mi. Crawford County comprises is sq. 167 mi. of the watershed with dramatic topography of forested hillsides and clean clear streams. sq. The Conneaut Creek Watershed flows northward into Lake Erie near Conneaut, Ohio. The watershed takes in approximately 96 mi. Some streams include Main Branch, Middle Branch, and East Branch of sq. Conneaut Creek and Stone Run. Conneaut Creek Watershed located in Beaver, Spring, Conneaut, Sum- is Summit merhill and Townships in Crawford County. History Initially the Seneca Indians dominated the region. The French arrived in 1748 and formed a short portage when between Presque Isle and Le Boeuf until 1758. Europeans did not settle the land again until 1788, a small party came out from Northumberland County and began build an establishment where Meadville to now stands. On March 12th of 1800 the Allegheny Legislature passed an separating Crawford, Mercer, Venango, act named Warren, and Erie counties from the territory of Allegheny County. Crawford County was in honor of Col. William Crawford, a staunch defender of the white settlers against Indian attacks. French Creek, which flows from north to south, was the chief route for shipping local lumber to Pittsburgh. The only other means of transportation was horse and wagon. In 1826 Major Douglass made surveys for the development of a canal crossing to link the north to the south; this was the first constructed transportation route in the county. The canal, called the Feeder Canal, was approximately 22 miles long. It Dam was completed in 1834, and canal boats began operating between Bemustown and Conneaut Lake. Company Before the 1800s there were no roads Until the Erie and Waterford Turnpike was at all. chartered in 1805, the settlers would just make their way through the woods. The Meadville-Waterford- Erie Turnpike was constructed between 1806 and 1809 and used for thirty-five years until became the it Susquehanna and Waterford Turnpike. By 1820 this road extended from Waterford to Bellefonte in Centre County and by 1824 Philadelphia. The Turnpike was used from 1824 until was abandoned in 1845. The to it known Mercer and Meadville Turnpike was completed in 1821 and is still to county residents as the Mercer Pike. In 1859 Col. E.L. Drake successfully drilled a well that produced oil in eastern Crawford County. This development brought prosperity and railroads to Titusville. The lack of adequate shipping had hindered the development of local manufacturing as well as facilities the marketing of local produce outside the county. The completion of Atlantic and Great Western Railways of Pennsylvania (now the Erie Railroad) to Meadville in 1862 stimulated economic growth. In 1913 Col. Lewis Hook Company Walker purchased a small enterprise, first called the Automatic and Eye and later Talon, made boomed which eventually Meadville the zipper capital of the world. Railroad construction from Inc., 1860 to 1866. By 1871 tracks ran from Bloomfield, Steuben, Troy, and Oil Creek to Titusville and became New part of the Buffalo, York, and Philadelphia Line. Today Crawford County has more miles of railroad than any county Pennsylvania. in Industry developed gradually, and today most boroughs have manufacturing enterprises that provide employment. The and and substantial five principal industries are agriculture, gas oil production, textiles 40% textile products, and metals and metal products, and allied products. Today about of Crawford County 46% farmed, used for commercial woodland, and the rest being developed for urban use or recre- is is is ation. Dairying the primary farming; Crawford one of Pennsylvania's top 10 milk-producing counties. is is Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 635 al., Principal crops are corn, wheat, oats, and hay. Lumber, pulpwood, maple syrup, and Christmas trees from woodland and the areas also generate income. Besides agricultural industry, a thriving resort business at- summer thousands Conneaut Pymatuning tracts of visitors to the recreational facilities of Lake, Reservoir, Cambridge and Canadohta Lake Springs, (Bates 1885). In 1800 the county population was approximately 2,345; according to the census of 2000, Crawford (USDA County has 90,366 residents (1979, 2000)). Major Collectors Museum Collecting in Crawford County for the Carnegie Herbarium began in the early 1800s and has members continued the present. Most of the collectors have been of the Botanical Society of Western to Museum. Pennsylvania and the staff of the Section of Botany at Carnegie who made have knowledge Crawford County Botanists significant contributions the of the to are: J.K. Leberman, Grund and Speedy, R.C. O.E.Jennings. Bissell, J.A. Isaac, L. S.P. METHODS Museum This checklist was compiled by searching the herbaria of the Carnegie of Natural History (CM) and Museum the Cleveland of Natural History (CLM) Crawford County specimens. In addition, fieldwork for made was conducted targeting underrepresented areas of the county. Most of the collections were during the last two years, but several specimens date back as far as 1881 and 1882. The majority of the specimens are Museum Herbarium was deposited the Carnegie of Natural History (CM). collection information obtained at (MOAR) Museum from the Morris Arboretum and the Cleveland of Natural History (CLM) 189 samples. for Other herbaria that were examined for specimens include the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. we Rhoads and Block (2000) was the primary source for plant identification. For generic and species names, have generally followed the Synthesis of North American Flora (Kartesz 1999). Authorities are abbreviated Brummitt and for the majority of taxa according to Powell (1992). AND RESULTS DISCUSSION known names This includes the of native and naturalized species occur in Crawford County. to list all It 134 485 and 1168 The with number includes a total of families, genera, species. five families the largest and of species, are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae. Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, and 46 Salix Ruhus, are the largest genera. This checklist recognizes 10 species of Lycophytes, species of Gymnosperms Pteridophytes, 7 species of and 1105 species of Angiosperms. There are approximately 208 non-native species that have been introduced mainly from Furope and Furasia. Ninety-seven species have global or state ranking. Of the 97 plants that have global or state ranking only three taxa have a global ranking of G3 or vul- nerable status (Potamogeton Poa paludigena, and Platanthera leucophaed). The remaining 94 plants are hillii, G4 G5 either a or status, indicating an apparently secure or secure condition globally. The genus Potamogeton in the family Potamogetonaceae. Potamogeton one of the smaller linear- is hillii is leaved pondweeds and can be recognize. This herbaceous perennial submerged except difficult to totally is mm for the flowering spike. The leaves range from 1.5-2.0 wide and are bristle-tipped, and 3-veined. The which flowers are arranged in very short, few flowered spikes are nearly globose. occurs in cold, clear, It muddy slow-moving water in streams, ponds, and beaver ponds with a substrate. Poa part of the grass family (Poaceae). Most members of this genus are very similar and require is microscopic identification of the flower parts to identify Poa paludigena a perennial with culms formin is mm Culm loose clumps. internodes are terete with leaf-sheaths scaberulous. Leaf blades are erect and 0.3-2 wide. The inflorescence is a panicle, with branches in pairs. Spikelets are comprised of 2-5 fertile florets and oblong and compressed. grows open are laterally Florets are slightly woolly. typically in moist, areas It meadows woods among sphagnum such as or moist and can be found or other mosses. This species can be overlooked due easily or misidentified to its similarity to closely related species. 636 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) member Orchid The leucophaea Platanthera a of the family. specific epithet refers to the off-white color is The of the flowers. This species forms a cluster of fleshy thickened roots at the base. 2-5 leaves are lanceolate with the bases sheathing the stem. The inflorescence a raceme of 5-20 flowers, creamy-white and strongly is fragrant at dusk. The basal petal, the labellum, is tripartite and fringed. It is found almost exclusively in sphagnum many moist prairies or open bogs. Currently found in less than sixty sites in the U.S., with is it only few individuals. a There are four taxa in the Crawford County flora that are listed by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (2004) as noxious weeds: Cirsium arvense (Canadian thistle), Cirsium vulgare (bull or spear thistle), Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), and Rosa multijlora (multiflora rosa). Other species considered invasive (Norway in our native ecosystems are Acer platanoides maple), Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), (Common Phragmites australis reed), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed), Elaeagnus umhellata (Au- (DCNR tumn Lonicera morrowii (Morrow's honeysuckle), and Lonicera (Tatarian honeysuckle) olive), tatarica 2000). While this checklist probably not all-inclusive of every species in Crawford County, the most is is it comprehensive presently available. list ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE OF SPECIES CRAWFORD COUNTY, PENSYLVANIA Taxa are listed according to the following format: taxon name, author(s), {(year) collector and number) global: We state ranking [Synonyms] and non-native source. follow the and global (G) ranking systems state (S) developed by The Nature Conservancy (1996 version). The global numbers are designated from 1 (critically imperiled) to 5 (secure). Other notations include SH, which denotes historical occurrence, and SR, which common Synonyms names indicates reported without persuasive documentation. are included for not in usage in the state or regional manuals. In cases where there was more than one specimen present in the known collection, recent collections of current collectors for the western Pennsylvania region were cited. Families, genera, and specific and infraspecific taxa are arranged alphabetically within vascular plant groups Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Lycophytes, and Pteridophytes. ANGIOSPERMS Amaranthaceae Amaranthus aibus 1918 E.M.Gresss.n. L, Acanthaceae Thompson Amaranthus 2005 05-504 blitum Tropica L, R. Justlciaamericana 1988 Vahl, Bissell et 88:101 (L.) J. K. al. America Amaranthus Wahl 4076 Aceraceae hybridus 1947 H.A. L., Amaranthus 1948 Tisherman Tropica retrofiexus Acer negundo 1997 RC. Leberman. L., S. s.n. L, s.n. America Acer nigrum Michx. 1922 O.E.Jennings, s.n. f., Acer pensylvanicum 2003 Coxe and M. Bradburn L, R s.n. Anacardiaceae Acer platanoides 1997 RC. Leberman Europe L, s.n. Rhus glabra L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17601 Acerrubrum L rubrum, 2005 Speedy LSB329 var. Leberman L. Rhustyphina 1997 L, R.C. s.n. & Acer rubrurn L. var. trilobum Torr. A. Gray ex K. Koch, 1952 Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze, 1997 J.A. Isaac 9878 (L.) Henry and W.E. Buker L.K. s.n. Toxicodendron vernix Kuntze, 2005 Speedy LSB1565 (L.) L. U Acersaccharlnum 2003 Ernst et 71 S. al. Annonaceae Acer sacch arum Marsh, saccinarum, 1955 Henry var. L.K. s.n. Asimina Dunal, 1955 Pearth triloba D.L. s.n. (L.) Acerspicatum Lam., 1932 W.R. Van Dersal 1866 Apiaceae Acoraceae Angelica atropurpurea 1928 Murray L, J.A. s.n. Acorus americanus 2002 2002:134 G5:S1 (Raf.) Raf., J.K. Bissell Angelica triquinata Michx., 1980 C.E.Jenkins et aL2777 Acorus calamus 1999 and Danielson 1999:194 L, J.K. Bissell B. Angelica venenosa {Gieenwdy) Fern, 1901 J.A. Shafers.n. Europe Chaerophyllum procumbens 2004 Grund and Crantz, S.R (L.) Alismataceae LMiller3534 Alisma subcordatum 2003 2003:148 Raf., J.K. Bissell Cicuta bulblfera 2005 Speedy, M. Bowers and M. Fodse L., L. 2004 S.RGrund and L 3487 Saglttaria iatlfolia Willd., Miller LSB1608 Saglttaria rigida Pursh, 2001 2001:149 J.K. Bissell Cicuta maculata L, 2000 J.A. Isaac and C.F. Chuey 13168 Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 637 al., Conium maculatum L, 1980 F.Q. Jenkins and C.E. Jenkins Asdepias syriaca L, 2004J.A. Isaac 17609 2836 Europe Asteraceae DC, 2004 Cryptotaenia canadensis J.A. Isaac 17468 (L.) Achillea millefolium 2004 J.A Isaac and. Coxe 17590 R. L., Daucus 2000 and Chuey carota Isaac 13170 J.A. C.F. L., Eurasia Eurasia Ageratina altlssima {L) King &H.E. Robins, var. a/fe/ma 1998 bulbosa 2004 2004:006 Erigenia (Michx.) Nutt, J.K. Bissell Leberman R. s.n. G5:S2 Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. e/at/or(L.) Descourtils, 1928J.A. L. maximum Heracleum 2000 and Chuey Bartr., J.A. Isaac C.F. Murray s.n. 13167 Ambrosia L 1928 Murray triflda var. trifida, J.A. s.n. Hydrocotyle americana 2004 2004:114 L, J.K. Bissell Anaphalis margaritacea Benth., 1968 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) Osmofhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. Antennaria Gteene neodioica {Gieene) 1950 howellii ssp, Bayer, Osmofhiza longistylis (Torn) DC, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. Henry and W.E. Buker L.K. s.n. Leberman Pastinaca saliva L, 1968 R.C s.n. Eurasia Antennaria neglecta Greene, 1984 A.W. Cusick 23365 2004 Sanicula canadensis canadensis, Isaac 17678 var. J.A. L. Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. parlinii Fern., 1971 W.E. Buker Sanicula marilandica 1989 and Danielson L, J.K. Bissell B. s.n. 1989:112 Anthemis 1980 Leberman Europe arvensis R.C. s.n. L., & Sanicula odorata K.M. Pryer Phillippe, 1984 (Raf.) L.R. J.K. Anthemis cotula L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17602 Europe 84:120 Bissell Arctium lappa 2000 and Chuey 13172 Isaac J.A. C.F. L., Slum suave 2005 Speedy LSB1557 Walt., L. Eurasia Taenldia integenima Drude, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) Arctium minus Bernh., 1970 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt, 1997 R.C Leberman s.n. Artemisia vulgaris L, 1969 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Zlzlaourea W.D.J. Koch, 1962 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) 2004 Grund and 3588 Europe perennis Miller Bellis L., S.P. L. Apocynaceae Leberman Bidens cernua L, 1991 R.C s.n. Apocynum androsaemifollum 1997 R.C Leberman Bidens connata Muhl. ex 2005 L Speedy, M. L, s.n. Willd., Bissell, J. Apocynum cannabinum 2005 Speedy Bowers and Pearson LSB1558 761 L., L. T. Mossman Vinca minor L, 1919 H.W. s.n. Europe Bidens coronata (L.) Britt., 2004 J.A. Isaac 18456 & 2003 Bidens discoidea (Torr. A. Gray) Britt., J.K. Bisse Aquifoliaceae 2003:172 G5:S3 //exmontanaTorr. &A. GrayexGray, 1975 Leberman R.C. s.n. Bidens frondosa 1969 W.E. Buker L, s.n. 2005 Speedy LSB1091 Ilexvertlclllata A. Gray, (L.) L. C Thomas Bidens 868 Porter G5:S3 laevis {i) B.S.P., s.n. Nemopanthus mucronatus 2004 17593 1 (L) Loes., J.A. Isaac Bidens tripartita L, 2004 J.A .Isaac et 17722 al. Araceae Bidens vulgata Greene, 1944 Jennings O.E. s.n. Arisaemadracontium Schott, 1995 R.C Leberman. (L) s.n. Centaurea biebersteinii DC, 2003 Ernst 32 Exotic S. Arisaema triphyllum Schott stewardsonll ssp. (L.) (Britt.) Cichorium intybus L, 1928 J.A. Murray s.n. Europe D Wagner 1994 Huttleston, etal. 114 J. Cirsium arvense Scop., 1980 CE. Jenkins and Jenkins F.Q. (L.) 2004 Grund Arisaema Schott triphyllum spp. triphyllum, S.R (L.) 2883 Eurasia 3642 and. L.Miller muticum and Cirsium Michx., 1987 Danielson J.K. Bissell B. Arisaema triphyllum Schott pusillum (Peck) Huttleston, ssp. (L.) 1987:269 CA. 1914 Darling s.n. Cirsium pumilum Spreng., 1928 Murray (Nutt.) J.A. s.n. 2004 Callapalustris Isaac18474 L, J.A. Cirsium i/L//gare(Savi)Ten., 1969 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Peltandravirginica Schott, 2005 Speedy, M. Bowers, and (L.) L. Conyza canadensis Cronq. canadensis, 1997 W.E. var. (L.) FodseLSB1607 M. Tomon W.E. s.n. Symplocarpus ex Nutt, 2005 Speedy foetidus Salisb. (L.) L. Coreopsis 1994 Marsh et tripteris L., K. al. s.n. LSB337 2004 and Coxe 17589 Crepis capillaris Wallr., J.A. Isaac R. (L.) Europe Araliaceae Greene, 2005 Speedy Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) et Araliahispida Vent, 1962 Henry L. al. L.K. s.n. 1569 /nf/rmas Michx.] 1996 Leberman s.n. [/Aster Aralianudicaulis R.C. s.n. L., Nees 2004 racemosa 1996 R.C Leberman Doellingeria umbellata (R Mill.) var. umbellata, S.R Aralia s.n. L., Grund and L 3668 2005 R.Thomspson 05-858 Miller Araliaspinosa L, ex DC. 1992 Panax quinquefolium 1962 Lebermans.n. Erechtites hieracii folia (L.) Raf. var. hieraciifolia, K. L, R.C. Marsh etal. Panax 2005 Speedy LSB349 s.n. trifolius L., L. annuus 2004 17699 Erigeron (L) Pers., J.A. Isaac Aristolochiaceae Erigeron philadelphicus Lvar. philadelphicus, 1972 W.E. Buker Asarum canadense 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. L., s.n. Asclepiadaceae and Erigeron pulchellus Mic^x.var. pulchellus, 1982 W.E. Buker Leberman Asdepias R.C exaltata L, 1981 s.n. T.J.Grisezs.n. Asdepias incarnata ssp. incarnata, 2005 Speedy, Bisse Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. strigosus, 1928 J.A. L. L. J. M. Bowers and T.Pearson LSB1583 Murray s.n. 638 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) R.Thompson Eupatorium altissimum 1998 Marsh Prenanthesaltissima 2005 05-1041 L, K. s.n. L, Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt, 1984 J. K. Bissell 1984:119 Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz, 2002 J. A. Eupatorium maculatum L var. moculotum, 2005 Speedy, Isaac 15721 L. J. M. Bowers and TPearson LSB1566 Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium & Burtt obtu- Bissell Hilliard ssp. (L.) Tomon Eupatorium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum, 2005 L. Speedy sifolium, 1997 T.J. s.n. and L Armstrong LSB1598 Rudbecl<ia L 1980 Jenkins 2851 hirta var. C.E. Iiirta, Eurybia clilorolepis {Burgess) Nesom, 1997J.D.WagnerandG. Rudbecl<ia hirta Lvdi.pulcherrimaFdiw., 1952 L.K. Henry and Podniesinski 1780 [Aster chlorolepis Burgess] F.H. Beer s.n. Eurybia macrophylla Cass, 1991 R.C. Leberman s.n. Rudbecl<ia laciniata var. laciniota, 2004 J.A. Isaac 18457 (L.) L. Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees, 1997 J.K. Bissell et al. 1997:182 Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B.S.P., 1928 J.A. Murray s.n. [Aster schreberi Nees] Silphium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum, 1994 K. Marsh et Euthamia graminlfoHa Greene 2004 (L.) var. gramlnlfolia, S.P. al.s.n. Grund and Long 3601 Solidagoaltissima 1997 L. Miller L, J. s.n. Gallnsoga quadriradlata Cav., 1994 K. Marsh and G. Marsh s.n. Solidago bicolor L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. & Central South America Solidago caesia 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. L., Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera, 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis, 2005 L. Speedy Gnaphalium uliginosum 1962 Henry, Europe LSB1571 L, L.K. s.n. Hasteola suaveolens 1998 1998:074 Solidago 1969 W.E. Buker (L) Pojark., J.K. Bissell flexicaulls s.n. L., Helenlumautumnale L, 1951 Henry and W.E. Buker Solidago gigantea Alt, 2005 Speedy LSB1119 L.K. s.n. L. Helenium flexuosum 2006 Grund 37 Solidago juncea 1959 Henry and Beer Raf., S.P 41 IKW., L.K. F.H. s.n. & Leberman Hellanthus microcephalus Torr. Gray, G.W. Clinton s.n. G5: Solidago nemoralis Ait., 1991 R.C. s.n. S3 Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. var. patula, 2004 J.A. Isaac Helianthus tuberosus 1970 W.E. Buker 18440 L, s.n. Heliopsisheliantholdes{L)S\Neet,var.helianthoides,]983 Solidago rugosa aspera Cronq., 1949 O.E. R.C. Mill var. (Ait.) P. CM. Leberman Jennings and Boardman s.n. s.n. Hieraclum aurantlacum L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17489 Europe Solidago rugosa R Mill var. rugosa, 2005 Speedy LSB1559 L. Hieraclum caespltosum Dumort., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17460 Solidago uliginosa Nutt. var. ullginosa, 1914 Bright s.n. J. Europe G4G5:S3 & Hieraclum gronovli 1965 D.L. Pearth s.n. Solidago ullginosa Nutt. var. Ilnoides (Torr. A. Gray) Fern., L., Hieraclum paniculatum 1887 Patterson 1940 Wurdack G4G5:SH L, B.H. s.n. s.n. J. Jr. Hieraclum pilosella var. pllosella, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17487 Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17706 L. I. Europe Europe Hieraclum scabrum Michx. var. scabrum, 1928 J.A. Murray Sonchus arvensis L ssp. uliginosus (Bieb.) Nyman, 1968 W.E. Buker Europe s.n. s.n. Hieraclum venosum 1996 Leberman Sonchus asper{L) 2005 R.Thompson 05-1094 Europe L., R.C. s.n. Hill, Hypochaeris radicata L, 1980 R.C. Leberman s.n. Eurasia Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) A. & D. Love, 1993 Inula helenium L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17686 Europe J.K. Bissell and B. Danielson 1993:182 G5:S1 Nesom Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake var. biflora, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17481 Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) ssp. lanceola- Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern., 1951 L.K. Henry and W.E. tum, 2002 J.A. Isaac 15713 [Aster lanceolatusWiWd. ssp. Buker lanceolatus lanceolatus] s.n. var. & Lactuca canadensis L., 1959 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. Symphyotrichum laterlflorum (L.) A. D. Love var. lateriflorum, Lactuca floridana Gaertn. var. floridana, 1970 W.E. Buker 2004 J.A. Isaac 18478 [Aster lateriflorus {L) Britton] (L.) Symphyotrichum lowrieanum Nesom, 1994 Marsh (Porter) s.n. K. Lactuca saligna L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. Europe etal. s.n. Lactuca sativa L, 2003 Ernst 117 Exotic Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Nesom, 2004 J.A. Isaac S. (L.) Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., 2004 J.A. Isaac and Coxe 18477 [Aster novae-angliae R. L.] Nesom 17585 Exotic Symphyotrichum pilosum pilosum, 2004 (Willd.) var. Matricaria discoidea DC, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17453 Exotic J.A. Isaac 18479 [Aster pilosusWiWd] Nesom Megalodonta ex Greene 2003 Symphyotrichum pilosum beckii (Torr. Spreng.), Ernst (Willd.) var. pringlel (Gray) S. Nesom, etal. 102 G4G5:S1 1971 W.E. Buker s.n. Pac/ceraaurea(L.) A. & D.Love, 2005 L. Speedy LSB346[Senec/o Symphyotrichum praealtus (Poir.) Nesom vat. praealtus, 1997 aureus 1997:077 G5:S3 J.K. Bissell etal. L.] Pac/cera oboi/ata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A.Weber & A. Love, 1971 Symp/iyotr/c/^a/riprenanr/io/des (Muhl. exWilld.) Nesom, 2004 W.E. Buker s.n. [Senec/oobowfus Muhl. ex Willd.] J.A. Isaac 18461 [/Isterprenanf/io/c/es Muhl. ex Willd J Petasites hybridus RG. Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb., 1968 M. Symphyotrichum puniceum A. & D. Love var. puniceum, (L.) B. (L.) Europe 2005 L Speedy LSB1617 puniceus Bayliss [Aster i] s.n. Prenanthesalba 1994 K. Marsh etal. s.n. Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom, 1971 W.E. Buker L., s.n. Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 639 al., Symphyotrichum x longulum (Sheldon) Nesom [boreale x Arabisglabra Bernh., 1905 O.E.Jennings s.n. (L.) U puniceum], 1993 and Danielson 1993:188 Arablslyrata 1930W.R. VanDersal J.K. Bissell B. s.n. Tanacetum vulgare L, 1935 A.G. Dickey s.n. Europe Armoracia rustlcana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb., 1909 O.E. Taraxacum G.Weber ex Wiggers 997 Jennings officinale ssp. officinale, s.n. Eurasia 1 Long Barbarea 2005 Speedy LSB325 Eurasia vulgaris Eurasia s.n. Ait. f, L. J. Tragopogondublus Scop., 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17576 Brassicajuncea (L) Czern., 1971 R.C. Leberman s.n. Eurasia Europe Brassica nigra W.D.J. Koch, 2004 Isaac 17713 Eurasia J.A. (L.) Tragopogon porrifollus L, 1947 W.E. Bul<ers.n. Europe Brassica rapa var. rapa, 1949 L.K. Henry s.n. Europe L. Tragopogon pratensis L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17716 Europe Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17352 (L.) Triadenum {Spach) Gleason, 1994 J.D.Wagner 664 Eurasia fraseri Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf., 2005 L. Speedy LSB1623 Cardamine angustata O.E. Shulz, 1989 J.K. Bissell et al. 2004 Tussilagofarfara L, J.A. Isaac 17317 Eurasia 89:021 Verbesina alternifolia ex Kearney, 1946 N. Ru Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) 2005 Speedy (L.) Britt. B.S.P., L. NR-2804 LSB3360 Vernonia gigantea 1997 9872 Cardamine concatenata 2004 17337 (Walt.) TreL, J.A. Isaac (Michx.) Sw., J.A. Isaac Cardamine Wood, 2005 Speedy LSB351 diphylla (Michx.) L. Balsaminaceae Cardamine 2005 Speedy LSB330 douglassil Britt., L. impatiens capensis Meerb., 2005 Speedy LSB1114 L. Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex 2005 Speedy Willd., L. Impatiens pallida Nutt., 1940 R.W. Little s.n. LSB305 Berberidaceae Cardamine 1994 pratensis L. var. pratensis, J.K. Bi ssell et aL DC, 2005 R.Thompson 05-1051 Japan Berberisthunbergll 1994:044 G5T5:S1 2004 18463 Europe Berberis vulgaris L, J.A. Isaac Cardamine rotundlfolla Michx., 1993 et aL 93:148 J.K. Bissell Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17357 Draba verna 1958 W.E. Buker Europe L, s.n. Podophyllum peltatum 1934 O.E.Jennings L, s.n. Erysimum cheiranthoides L, 1909 O.E. Jennings s.n. Eurasia Erysimum inconspicuum Watson) incon- Betulaceae MacMill.ill. var. (S. Henry spicuum, Ainuslncana Moench rugosa (Du Clausen, 2005 1951 L.K. s.n. ssp. Roi) (L.) 2004 Grund and 3632 L Speedy, M. Bowers and M. Fodse LSB1618 Hesperis matronalis L, S.P. L. Miller Europe AInus 2005 L Speedy, M. Bowers and serrulata Willd., (Ait.) Leberman Lepidium campestre 1982 M. Fodse LSB1609 (L.) Ait. F., R.C. s.n. Eurasia 2005 Speedy Betula alleghaniensis Britt. var. alleghanlensis, L. Lepidium virginicum virginicum, 1981 W.E. Buker var. s.n. LSB341 L. Raphanus raphanlstrum 1949 Henry L.K. s.n. L., Betula alleghaniensis macrolepis Brayshaw, Britt. var. (Fern.) Mediterranean 1930 Jennings O.E. s.n. Raphanus sativus L, 1914 Bright Mediterranean Henry and s.n. Betula lenta L, 1950 L.K. W.E. Buker s.n. J. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Hayek, 2005 Speedy Betula pendula Roth, 1952 Henry and Beer (L.) L. L.K. F.H. s.n. LSB743 Eurasia & Abbe) Leberman Rorippa palustris Bess. ssp. fernaldiana (Butters Betula populifolia Marsh., 1997 R.C. s.n. (L.) Leberman 1995 Corylus americana Walt, 1998 Leberman Jonsell, R.C. s.n. R.C. s.n. Ostrya virginiana (R Mill.) K. Koch var. virginiana, 1997 R.C. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell, 1901 Shafer Leberman J.A. s.n. s.n. Rorippa 1995 Leberman Europe sylvestris (L) Bess., R.C. s.n. Boraginaceae Sisymbrium altissimum L, 1960 W.E. Buker s.n. Eurasia Cynoglossum Jennings and officinale 1915 O.E. G.K. L., Sisymbrium officinale (L) Scop., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Europe Jennings Eurasia s.n. Thiaspiarvense 1930 Jennings Europe L, O.E. s.n. Cynoglossum virginianum var. virginianum, 1925 O.E. L. Cabombaceae Jennings s.n. 6rasen/asc/]reber/ F.Gmel., 2004 Miller and Grund 22 Echium vulgare L, 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17575 Europe J. L. S.P. Cabomba Gray 2003 2005 Thompson 05- caroliniana var. caroliniana, S. Ernst et Hackelia virginiana Johnst., (L.) I.M. R. al.68 776 Lappula squarrosa (Relz) Dumort., 1914 Bright Eurasia s.n. Caesalpiniaceae J. Grund and 3488 osotislaxa Lehm., 2004S.P. L.Miller Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby, 1947 H.A. Wahl Myosotis scorpioides L, 2005 Speedy LSB741 Europe L. 4184 Symphytum 1928 Murray officinale L, J.A. s.n. Eurasia Callitrichaceae Brassicaceae Callitriche heterophylla Pursh ssp. heterophylla, 1991 J.K. Bisse petiolata (Bieb) Cavara &Grande, 2005 R.Thompson Alliaria 1991:058 etal. 05-653 Europe 1988 88:130 Callitriche palustris L, J.K. Bissell et al. 2004 Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh., Isaac 17454 J.A. (L.) Europe 640 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) Campanulaceae Wood, Paronychia canadensis 1914 C.A. Darling s.n. (L.) Campanula aparinoides Pursh, 1988 J.K. Bissell et al. Saponar/aof/yc/na//s L, 1994 K. Marsh etal. s.n. Europe Henry and 1988:135 Slleneantirrhina L, 1951 L.K. W.E. Bukers.n. Campanula rapunculoides L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. Eurasia Sllenedioica (L) Clairv., 1970 R.C. Lebernnan s.n. Europe & Ca/T)panu/astru/T]a/T]e/'/cana(L.)Small., 2002 J.K. Bissell and B. Silene latlfolia Poir. ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter Burdet, 1972 Danielson 2002:156 [Cyanococcus fascatus W.E. Bukers.n. Europe Srr\3\\] 1988 Murray Europe Lobelia cardlnalis L, J.K. Bissell etal. 1988:135 Silene noctlflora L, J.A. s.n. Lobelia Inflata L, 1959 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, 1980 R.C. Leberman s.n. 2004 18460 Europe Lobelia siphilitica L. var, siphilltica, J. A. Isaac Lobelia spicata Lam. wai.spicata, 1922 O.E.Jennings s.n. Stellaria core! Shinneis, 1932 W.R.VanDersal 1923 Stellariagramlnea L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17697 Europe Capparaceae Muhl. ex 1994 Stellaria longifolia Willd. var. longlfolia, J.D. Polanlsia dodecandra DC. dodecandra, 1950 W.E. ssp. (L.) Wagner 902 Buker s.n. Mossman media media, 1919 H.W. Stellaria (L.) Vill. var. s.n. Caprifoliaceae Europe Leberman 1997 Diervilla lonicera P. Mill, R.C. s.n. Vaccaria hispanica Rauschert, 1868 Porter (P. Mill.) T.C. s.n. Wagner Lonicera canadensis ex Marsh., 1997 and Bartr. J.D. Europe G. Podniesinski 1776 Celastraceae 2004 Grund and L 3573 Lonicera dioica Miller S.P. L., Leberman scandens 1973 Celastrus R.C. s.n. L., Lonicera morrowil Gray, 2004 S.R Grund and Miller 3616 L. Thompson Euonymus 2005 05-519 alata (Thunb.) Sieb., R. Japan & China Japan and Lonicera oblonglfolla (Goldie) Hook., 1993 J.K. Bissell B. Euonymus obovata 2001 and Chuey Nutt., J.A. Isaac C.F. Danielson 1993:119 G4:S1 13648 Lonicera tatarica L, 1980 C.E. Jenkins and F.Q. Jenkins 2873 Ceratophyllaceae Eurasia demersum 2004 Grund and L Ceratophyllum Miller S.P. L., Wagner 1994 905 Lonicera (Michx.) Schultes, villosa J.A. J.D. 3579 G5:S1 Ceratophyllum echinatum 2002 2002:128 Gray, J.K. Bissell Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis 2005 Speedy L. (L.) R. Bolli, L. Ceratophyllum murlcatum Cham., 1984 1984:119 J.K. Bissell LSB736 Sambucus racemosa L racemosa, 1995 Leberman Chenopodiaceae var. R.C. Atrlplexprostrata Boucher ex DC, 1887 B.H. Patterson s.n. s.n. Triosteum perfollatum 1940 O.E.Jennings Chenopodlum album L album, 1966 Henry s.n. var. L.K. s.n. L., Viburnum acerlfollum 2004 J.A. Isaac 17461 Chenopodium berlandierl hAoq.vdr.bushianum (Aellen) Cronq., L., Viburnum lentago 2005 Speedy LSB1129 1947 H.A.Wahl 4073 L, L. Viburnum nudum L & 2004 Chenopodlum Grimm Europe var. casslnoldes Torr. A. Gray, botrys 1941 W.C. s.n. (L.) L., Chenopodlum 18437 capltatum Ambrosi, 1909 Jennings J.A. Isaac G5:S1 O.E. (L.) Viburnum opulus L americanum 2004 G5:SH var. Ait., J.A. Isaac s.n. L Chenopodlum 17503 [Viburnum opulus trilobum (Marsh.) Clausen] simplex 1923 E.M. Gress ssp. (Torr.) Raf., s.n. G5T5:S3S4 Clusiaceae Viburnum opulus L var. opulus, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17599 Eurasia Leberman Hypericum ascyron 1998 R. s.n. L., WbL/rnamraf/nesqu/a/iL/m Schultes, 1980 Jenkins and J.A. C.E. Thomas Hypericum ellipticum Hook., 1868 Porter C. s.n. 2862 Jenkins F.Q. Hypericum mutilum 1997 9870 J.A. Isaac L., Wagner Viburnum recognitum 1994 93 Fern., J.D. et al. Hypericum perforatum 2004 Grund and 3516 L, Miller S.P. L. Caryophyllaceae Europe Agrostemma githago 1922 O.E.Jennings Europe Hypericum prollficum 2005 Speedy LSB1120. L, s.n. L, L. Arenaria serpyllifolia L, 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17586 Hypericum punctatum Lam., 2004 S.P. Grund and L. Miller Europe 3626 Cerastium fontanum Baumg., 1904 O.E. Jennings Eurasia s.n. Commelinaceae Cerastium glomeratum ThuilL, 2000 A.W. Cusick 35372 Tradescantia virginiana 1914 C.A. Darling s.n. L., Eurasia Convolvulaceae Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17709 sepium angulata Brummitt, 2005 L Calystegia Dianthus armeria 2004 and Coxe 17583 (L) R. Br. ssp. Isaac J.A. R. L., Speedy, M. Bowers and Pearson Europe J. Bissell, T. sepium Brummitt, 1950 Dianthus barbatus L, 1954 W.E. Bukers.n. Eurasia Calystegia (L.) R. Br ssp.erratica L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker Moehringia 1993 s.n. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, J.K. Bissell et a 1993:151 Cornaceae Myosoton aquaticum Moench, 2004 and Coxe (L) J.A. Isaac R. L 1998 Leberman Cornusalternifolia R. s.n. f., Europe 17571

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CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF CRAWFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA PDF

2007·21.6 MB·English
by  Cynthia M Morton
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Preview CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF CRAWFORD COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. PENNSYLVANIA Morton Speedy Cynthia M. Loree Section of Botany Section of Botany Museum Museum Carnegie of Natural History Carnegie of Natural History 4400 Avenue 4400 Avenue Forbes Forbes USA. USA. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Pittsburgh, 15213, Pittsburgh, 15213, Jannes Bisse K. Section of Botany Museum Cleveland of Natural History Wade Oval Drive, University Circle Cleveland, Ohio 441 USA. 06, ABSTRACT Crawford County has been botanized since the early 1800s; however, a checklist of the county's vascular flora has not previously been A compiled. search of herbaria augmented by targeted fieldwork has resulted in of 1168 taxa of native and naturalized plants a list comprising 485 genera and 134 families. The five families, with the largest number of species, are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, and Liliaceae. Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, Salix, and Ruhus, art the five largest genera. There are approximately 208 non- native species that have been introduced mainly from Europe and Eurasia. This checklist recognizes 10 species of Lycophytes, 46 species Gymnosperms of Pteridophytes, 7 species of and 1105 species of Angiosperms. Ninety-seven species have global or state ranking. RESUMEN El Condado de Crawford, se localiza en el estado de Pennsylvania. Este condado es considerado una de las areas mas diversas del estado, sin embargo hasta ahora no ha sido completado un catalogo. Este catalogo contiene familias, generos, y taxa especificos que estan orde- nados alfabeticamente en los grupos de plantas vasculares tales como Pteridofitas, Glmnospermas y Angiospermas. Esta lista incluye los nombres de especies natlvas naturalizadas conocidas que ocurren en Condado de Crawford. Se encontraron un de menos 134 y el total al numero familias, 485 generos, y 1168 especies. Las cinco familias mayores, por el de especies, fueron Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, numero Rosaceae y Liliaceae. Los seis generos mayores, por el de especies, fueron Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, Salix y Rahus. INTRODUCTION known Even though Pennsylvania lacks checklists for most of its counties, the vascular flora thus far is quite Rhoads and 3318 2076 diverse. Klein (1993) reported taxa of vascular plants for the state, including native and 1242 introduced. Approximately 25 of Pennsylvania's 67 counties have floras completed, but some are unpublished theses and surveys and therefore unavailable the public. The exact number of genera to known and species in the flora of Cravv^ford County was not previously because a checklist had never been compiled. Such checklists provide baseline information that can be used monitor environmental changes to and guide conservation decisions. Description Site Crawford County is located in the northwestern corner of Pennsylvania, adjacent to Ohio (Fig. 1). It is bordered by the counties of Erie the north, Warren the Venango the southeast, and Mercer to to east, to to Named south. Colonel William Crawford on March 1800, the county contains approximately 2,690 for 12, cm km. Crawford County annual approximately 97 southwestern sq. receives total precipitation of in its cm 55% region and 112 in northwestern region; of this precipitation usually between April and its falls cm cm September. Average season snowfall 178 in the southwestern area, 230 to 240 in the central area, is cm May and more than 300 in the northeastern area. The last frost of the season usually around 15th is and the first frost of the season around October 6th. The length of the growing season, from the last killing - J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 1 (1): 631 653. 2007 632 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) Cambridge Twpj Spartansburg < ., Venango Bloomfield Rockda e Twp Cussewago Twp r\ i Twp Sparta ^ CamfciriclgeTwp Twp Springs enango Athens onneautvil J Rome Woodcock Center.ville Twp Summerhi Riclimond Saegertown Twp Twp Conneaut Woodcock Twp Twp Creek Oil I Bloorriing Summit Twp Valley Twp Pine Hydetown Linesville Meadviiie Twp Troy Randolph Vernon ;3 Twp IVIead Titusville Sadsbury Nortli Twp=r^ Slienango eaut Twp Lake L West Wayne South Shenango Twp Fatllowfield Twp Twp Greenwood West East K Cochranton Twp n^\^^\^\M Fairfield Shenango Fallowfield x^p Twp Twp 5 10 20 Kilometers 5 10 Miles + t f Crawford Pennsylvania County, Top: Crawford County, Pennsylvania and townships. Fig. 1 frost in spring to the first killing frost in autumn, ranges from 145 to 150 days in the southwestern region (USDA to 130 to 135 days in the northeastern region 1979). The soils of the county consist mainly of the following 7 series, covering at least 1,963 sq. km., or 75%, Crawford County: Venango, Cambridge, Frenchtown, Red Hook, and Alden. of Holly, Sheffield, make The Venango upland knobs and Series consists of nearly level flats, to side slopes of valleys that 29% up about of the county. These soils are weathered glacial that contain sandstone, siltstone, and shale. till They have very slow permeability and a moderate available water capacity. Most areas are cleared and used crops pasture or or are for idle. The Cambridge Series consists of nearly level areas to upland knobs, side slopes of valleys, and crests of slopes that make up about 13% of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial that contains till sandstone, and They have slow permeability and moderate water Most siltstone, shale. a available capacity. some wooded of the area is used for crops or pasture, but land is or idle. make 12% The Frenchtown and up Series consists of nearly level gently sloping areas that about of These weathered from and some the county. soils are glacial that contains sandstone, shale, crystalline till rocks. They have slow permeability and moderate available water capacity. Most of the area wooded but a is some areas are idle or used for crops or pasture land. make The Holly Series consists of nearly level soils that are on floodplains of major stream valleys that 9% up about of the county. These soils are weathered from recent stream deposits. They have moderate slow Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 633 al., permeability and a moderate to high available water capacity. Most of the area used for pasture land but is some woodland used areas are or idle or for crops. Hook The Red Series consists of nearly level to gently sloping soils on terraces in stream valleys that make 4% up about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial outwash. They have moderate per- meability and a moderate to high available water capacity. Most of the areas are used for woodland, pasture, crops or or are idle. make 4% The up Sheffield Series consists of poorly drained, nearly level soils that about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial that contains sandstone, shale, and some limestone. They have till very slow permeability and moderate available water capacity Most areas are woodlands but some contain a crops, pasture, or are idle. 4% make The Alden Series consists of nearly level soils with slight depressions that up about of the county. These soils are weathered from glacial and local alluvium. They have low permeability and high till available water capacity. Most of the areas are woodlands, but pasture and idle lands are also present. Crawford County Northwestern Appalachian part of the Glaciated Plateau section of the Plateau is The Northwestern rounded uplands by Province. Glaciated Plateau section consists of broad, cut long, linear valleys. The uplands are transected by flat-floored, narrow to wide valleys and are separated from adjacent uplands by steep slopes on one or both sides of the valley. The valleys are oriented northwest-southeast and (USDA are linear with the valley floors often containing wetlands. Elevation ranges from 900 to 2,200 feet 1979). Crawford County contain stands of old growth, timber that has been logged very or never. Old little 5% growth makes up less than of the forests remaining in the United States and contains unique trees that make One a significant contribution to forest biodiversity. site is the Tryon-Weber Woods, which has 40 acres of rare hardwood old growth, containing American beech and sugar maples. This type of forest the is only remaining stand in Pennsylvania. During early settlement, most of Pennsylvania was covered with Eastern hemlock, white pine, and mixed hardwoods. Erom then until the early 1900s forests were logged and as the forests were clear-cut, fast growing species quickly regenerated. The forest structure since then has mixed hardwoods. shifted to The effects of herbivory on individual species and isolated populations have been documented for Crawford County; region wide effects on the flora are evident but not well documented. Over time, selective browsing by densely populated deer can result in reduced species richness and altered species composition, with dominance by a few non-preferred and browsing-resilient species. Unpalatable and browsing-resilient species become abundant and can interfere with the reestablishment of preferred and less browsing-resilient woody species. Overall, heavy browsing by deer in plant communities can change the trajectory of forest vegetation development. Whether these changes for Crawford County are permanent is a matter of scientific debate and will most likely be determined in due time and with additional studies. Crawford County contains several major watersheds, which contain large wetland areas. Several major watersheds include the Shenango River Watershed, Erench Creek Watershed, Oil Creek Watershed and the Conneaut Creek Watershed. The Crawford County area of the Shenango Creek Watershed comprises 120,700 acres. The tributaries of Shenango Creek in Crawford County include Paden Creek, Linesville Creek and Crooked Creek. The impoundment, Pymatuning which man-made watershed includes a major Lake, is the largest reservoir in Pennsylvania. Pymatuning Lake drains into the Shenango system from two outlets. The Crooked first is Creek in Crawford County, which flows southward through the Pymatuning Marsh and the second the is Shenango River, which flows southward out of the western lobe of the lake between South and West Shenango Two Townships. other features within the Crawford County portion of the Shenango River Watershed are Crystal Lake and Dollar Lake. Both Crystal and Dollar Lakes are glacial kettle lakes formed during the last Age. Ice The French Creek Watershed encompasses 1270 sq. mi. in area; with approximately 41% of Crawford 634 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) County lying therein. Wetlands, such as marshes, swamps, and fens are found within the French Creek all watershed. Conneaut Marsh an example of wetland that works control flooding, excess nutrients is a to filter in the water and provide habitats several aquatic species. French Creek contains major waterways and to many much smaller streams. The area within the watershed has overland flow, which picks up pollutants. Consequently one of the major threats the French Creek watershed non-point source pollution. However, to is to date has been characterized as having very good to excellent water quality. The watershed is hailed as it one of the most ecologically diverse systems in Pennsylvania. The Oil Creek Watershed located in the eastern part of Crawford County. Oil Creek flows mainly is within Venango, Crawford and Warren Counties and approximately 340 mi. Crawford County comprises is sq. 167 mi. of the watershed with dramatic topography of forested hillsides and clean clear streams. sq. The Conneaut Creek Watershed flows northward into Lake Erie near Conneaut, Ohio. The watershed takes in approximately 96 mi. Some streams include Main Branch, Middle Branch, and East Branch of sq. Conneaut Creek and Stone Run. Conneaut Creek Watershed located in Beaver, Spring, Conneaut, Sum- is Summit merhill and Townships in Crawford County. History Initially the Seneca Indians dominated the region. The French arrived in 1748 and formed a short portage when between Presque Isle and Le Boeuf until 1758. Europeans did not settle the land again until 1788, a small party came out from Northumberland County and began build an establishment where Meadville to now stands. On March 12th of 1800 the Allegheny Legislature passed an separating Crawford, Mercer, Venango, act named Warren, and Erie counties from the territory of Allegheny County. Crawford County was in honor of Col. William Crawford, a staunch defender of the white settlers against Indian attacks. French Creek, which flows from north to south, was the chief route for shipping local lumber to Pittsburgh. The only other means of transportation was horse and wagon. In 1826 Major Douglass made surveys for the development of a canal crossing to link the north to the south; this was the first constructed transportation route in the county. The canal, called the Feeder Canal, was approximately 22 miles long. It Dam was completed in 1834, and canal boats began operating between Bemustown and Conneaut Lake. Company Before the 1800s there were no roads Until the Erie and Waterford Turnpike was at all. chartered in 1805, the settlers would just make their way through the woods. The Meadville-Waterford- Erie Turnpike was constructed between 1806 and 1809 and used for thirty-five years until became the it Susquehanna and Waterford Turnpike. By 1820 this road extended from Waterford to Bellefonte in Centre County and by 1824 Philadelphia. The Turnpike was used from 1824 until was abandoned in 1845. The to it known Mercer and Meadville Turnpike was completed in 1821 and is still to county residents as the Mercer Pike. In 1859 Col. E.L. Drake successfully drilled a well that produced oil in eastern Crawford County. This development brought prosperity and railroads to Titusville. The lack of adequate shipping had hindered the development of local manufacturing as well as facilities the marketing of local produce outside the county. The completion of Atlantic and Great Western Railways of Pennsylvania (now the Erie Railroad) to Meadville in 1862 stimulated economic growth. In 1913 Col. Lewis Hook Company Walker purchased a small enterprise, first called the Automatic and Eye and later Talon, made boomed which eventually Meadville the zipper capital of the world. Railroad construction from Inc., 1860 to 1866. By 1871 tracks ran from Bloomfield, Steuben, Troy, and Oil Creek to Titusville and became New part of the Buffalo, York, and Philadelphia Line. Today Crawford County has more miles of railroad than any county Pennsylvania. in Industry developed gradually, and today most boroughs have manufacturing enterprises that provide employment. The and and substantial five principal industries are agriculture, gas oil production, textiles 40% textile products, and metals and metal products, and allied products. Today about of Crawford County 46% farmed, used for commercial woodland, and the rest being developed for urban use or recre- is is is ation. Dairying the primary farming; Crawford one of Pennsylvania's top 10 milk-producing counties. is is Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 635 al., Principal crops are corn, wheat, oats, and hay. Lumber, pulpwood, maple syrup, and Christmas trees from woodland and the areas also generate income. Besides agricultural industry, a thriving resort business at- summer thousands Conneaut Pymatuning tracts of visitors to the recreational facilities of Lake, Reservoir, Cambridge and Canadohta Lake Springs, (Bates 1885). In 1800 the county population was approximately 2,345; according to the census of 2000, Crawford (USDA County has 90,366 residents (1979, 2000)). Major Collectors Museum Collecting in Crawford County for the Carnegie Herbarium began in the early 1800s and has members continued the present. Most of the collectors have been of the Botanical Society of Western to Museum. Pennsylvania and the staff of the Section of Botany at Carnegie who made have knowledge Crawford County Botanists significant contributions the of the to are: J.K. Leberman, Grund and Speedy, R.C. O.E.Jennings. Bissell, J.A. Isaac, L. S.P. METHODS Museum This checklist was compiled by searching the herbaria of the Carnegie of Natural History (CM) and Museum the Cleveland of Natural History (CLM) Crawford County specimens. In addition, fieldwork for made was conducted targeting underrepresented areas of the county. Most of the collections were during the last two years, but several specimens date back as far as 1881 and 1882. The majority of the specimens are Museum Herbarium was deposited the Carnegie of Natural History (CM). collection information obtained at (MOAR) Museum from the Morris Arboretum and the Cleveland of Natural History (CLM) 189 samples. for Other herbaria that were examined for specimens include the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. we Rhoads and Block (2000) was the primary source for plant identification. For generic and species names, have generally followed the Synthesis of North American Flora (Kartesz 1999). Authorities are abbreviated Brummitt and for the majority of taxa according to Powell (1992). AND RESULTS DISCUSSION known names This includes the of native and naturalized species occur in Crawford County. to list all It 134 485 and 1168 The with number includes a total of families, genera, species. five families the largest and of species, are Asteraceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae. Carex, Potamogeton, Polygonum, and 46 Salix Ruhus, are the largest genera. This checklist recognizes 10 species of Lycophytes, species of Gymnosperms Pteridophytes, 7 species of and 1105 species of Angiosperms. There are approximately 208 non-native species that have been introduced mainly from Furope and Furasia. Ninety-seven species have global or state ranking. Of the 97 plants that have global or state ranking only three taxa have a global ranking of G3 or vul- nerable status (Potamogeton Poa paludigena, and Platanthera leucophaed). The remaining 94 plants are hillii, G4 G5 either a or status, indicating an apparently secure or secure condition globally. The genus Potamogeton in the family Potamogetonaceae. Potamogeton one of the smaller linear- is hillii is leaved pondweeds and can be recognize. This herbaceous perennial submerged except difficult to totally is mm for the flowering spike. The leaves range from 1.5-2.0 wide and are bristle-tipped, and 3-veined. The which flowers are arranged in very short, few flowered spikes are nearly globose. occurs in cold, clear, It muddy slow-moving water in streams, ponds, and beaver ponds with a substrate. Poa part of the grass family (Poaceae). Most members of this genus are very similar and require is microscopic identification of the flower parts to identify Poa paludigena a perennial with culms formin is mm Culm loose clumps. internodes are terete with leaf-sheaths scaberulous. Leaf blades are erect and 0.3-2 wide. The inflorescence is a panicle, with branches in pairs. Spikelets are comprised of 2-5 fertile florets and oblong and compressed. grows open are laterally Florets are slightly woolly. typically in moist, areas It meadows woods among sphagnum such as or moist and can be found or other mosses. This species can be overlooked due easily or misidentified to its similarity to closely related species. 636 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) member Orchid The leucophaea Platanthera a of the family. specific epithet refers to the off-white color is The of the flowers. This species forms a cluster of fleshy thickened roots at the base. 2-5 leaves are lanceolate with the bases sheathing the stem. The inflorescence a raceme of 5-20 flowers, creamy-white and strongly is fragrant at dusk. The basal petal, the labellum, is tripartite and fringed. It is found almost exclusively in sphagnum many moist prairies or open bogs. Currently found in less than sixty sites in the U.S., with is it only few individuals. a There are four taxa in the Crawford County flora that are listed by the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (2004) as noxious weeds: Cirsium arvense (Canadian thistle), Cirsium vulgare (bull or spear thistle), Lythrum salicaria (purple loosestrife), and Rosa multijlora (multiflora rosa). Other species considered invasive (Norway in our native ecosystems are Acer platanoides maple), Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle), (Common Phragmites australis reed), Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed), Elaeagnus umhellata (Au- (DCNR tumn Lonicera morrowii (Morrow's honeysuckle), and Lonicera (Tatarian honeysuckle) olive), tatarica 2000). While this checklist probably not all-inclusive of every species in Crawford County, the most is is it comprehensive presently available. list ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE OF SPECIES CRAWFORD COUNTY, PENSYLVANIA Taxa are listed according to the following format: taxon name, author(s), {(year) collector and number) global: We state ranking [Synonyms] and non-native source. follow the and global (G) ranking systems state (S) developed by The Nature Conservancy (1996 version). The global numbers are designated from 1 (critically imperiled) to 5 (secure). Other notations include SH, which denotes historical occurrence, and SR, which common Synonyms names indicates reported without persuasive documentation. are included for not in usage in the state or regional manuals. In cases where there was more than one specimen present in the known collection, recent collections of current collectors for the western Pennsylvania region were cited. Families, genera, and specific and infraspecific taxa are arranged alphabetically within vascular plant groups Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, Lycophytes, and Pteridophytes. ANGIOSPERMS Amaranthaceae Amaranthus aibus 1918 E.M.Gresss.n. L, Acanthaceae Thompson Amaranthus 2005 05-504 blitum Tropica L, R. Justlciaamericana 1988 Vahl, Bissell et 88:101 (L.) J. K. al. America Amaranthus Wahl 4076 Aceraceae hybridus 1947 H.A. L., Amaranthus 1948 Tisherman Tropica retrofiexus Acer negundo 1997 RC. Leberman. L., S. s.n. L, s.n. America Acer nigrum Michx. 1922 O.E.Jennings, s.n. f., Acer pensylvanicum 2003 Coxe and M. Bradburn L, R s.n. Anacardiaceae Acer platanoides 1997 RC. Leberman Europe L, s.n. Rhus glabra L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17601 Acerrubrum L rubrum, 2005 Speedy LSB329 var. Leberman L. Rhustyphina 1997 L, R.C. s.n. & Acer rubrurn L. var. trilobum Torr. A. Gray ex K. Koch, 1952 Toxicodendron radicans Kuntze, 1997 J.A. Isaac 9878 (L.) Henry and W.E. Buker L.K. s.n. Toxicodendron vernix Kuntze, 2005 Speedy LSB1565 (L.) L. U Acersaccharlnum 2003 Ernst et 71 S. al. Annonaceae Acer sacch arum Marsh, saccinarum, 1955 Henry var. L.K. s.n. Asimina Dunal, 1955 Pearth triloba D.L. s.n. (L.) Acerspicatum Lam., 1932 W.R. Van Dersal 1866 Apiaceae Acoraceae Angelica atropurpurea 1928 Murray L, J.A. s.n. Acorus americanus 2002 2002:134 G5:S1 (Raf.) Raf., J.K. Bissell Angelica triquinata Michx., 1980 C.E.Jenkins et aL2777 Acorus calamus 1999 and Danielson 1999:194 L, J.K. Bissell B. Angelica venenosa {Gieenwdy) Fern, 1901 J.A. Shafers.n. Europe Chaerophyllum procumbens 2004 Grund and Crantz, S.R (L.) Alismataceae LMiller3534 Alisma subcordatum 2003 2003:148 Raf., J.K. Bissell Cicuta bulblfera 2005 Speedy, M. Bowers and M. Fodse L., L. 2004 S.RGrund and L 3487 Saglttaria iatlfolia Willd., Miller LSB1608 Saglttaria rigida Pursh, 2001 2001:149 J.K. Bissell Cicuta maculata L, 2000 J.A. Isaac and C.F. Chuey 13168 Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 637 al., Conium maculatum L, 1980 F.Q. Jenkins and C.E. Jenkins Asdepias syriaca L, 2004J.A. Isaac 17609 2836 Europe Asteraceae DC, 2004 Cryptotaenia canadensis J.A. Isaac 17468 (L.) Achillea millefolium 2004 J.A Isaac and. Coxe 17590 R. L., Daucus 2000 and Chuey carota Isaac 13170 J.A. C.F. L., Eurasia Eurasia Ageratina altlssima {L) King &H.E. Robins, var. a/fe/ma 1998 bulbosa 2004 2004:006 Erigenia (Michx.) Nutt, J.K. Bissell Leberman R. s.n. G5:S2 Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. e/at/or(L.) Descourtils, 1928J.A. L. maximum Heracleum 2000 and Chuey Bartr., J.A. Isaac C.F. Murray s.n. 13167 Ambrosia L 1928 Murray triflda var. trifida, J.A. s.n. Hydrocotyle americana 2004 2004:114 L, J.K. Bissell Anaphalis margaritacea Benth., 1968 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) Osmofhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. Antennaria Gteene neodioica {Gieene) 1950 howellii ssp, Bayer, Osmofhiza longistylis (Torn) DC, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. Henry and W.E. Buker L.K. s.n. Leberman Pastinaca saliva L, 1968 R.C s.n. Eurasia Antennaria neglecta Greene, 1984 A.W. Cusick 23365 2004 Sanicula canadensis canadensis, Isaac 17678 var. J.A. L. Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. parlinii Fern., 1971 W.E. Buker Sanicula marilandica 1989 and Danielson L, J.K. Bissell B. s.n. 1989:112 Anthemis 1980 Leberman Europe arvensis R.C. s.n. L., & Sanicula odorata K.M. Pryer Phillippe, 1984 (Raf.) L.R. J.K. Anthemis cotula L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17602 Europe 84:120 Bissell Arctium lappa 2000 and Chuey 13172 Isaac J.A. C.F. L., Slum suave 2005 Speedy LSB1557 Walt., L. Eurasia Taenldia integenima Drude, 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) Arctium minus Bernh., 1970 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt, 1997 R.C Leberman s.n. Artemisia vulgaris L, 1969 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Zlzlaourea W.D.J. Koch, 1962 W.E. Buker s.n. (L.) 2004 Grund and 3588 Europe perennis Miller Bellis L., S.P. L. Apocynaceae Leberman Bidens cernua L, 1991 R.C s.n. Apocynum androsaemifollum 1997 R.C Leberman Bidens connata Muhl. ex 2005 L Speedy, M. L, s.n. Willd., Bissell, J. Apocynum cannabinum 2005 Speedy Bowers and Pearson LSB1558 761 L., L. T. Mossman Vinca minor L, 1919 H.W. s.n. Europe Bidens coronata (L.) Britt., 2004 J.A. Isaac 18456 & 2003 Bidens discoidea (Torr. A. Gray) Britt., J.K. Bisse Aquifoliaceae 2003:172 G5:S3 //exmontanaTorr. &A. GrayexGray, 1975 Leberman R.C. s.n. Bidens frondosa 1969 W.E. Buker L, s.n. 2005 Speedy LSB1091 Ilexvertlclllata A. Gray, (L.) L. C Thomas Bidens 868 Porter G5:S3 laevis {i) B.S.P., s.n. Nemopanthus mucronatus 2004 17593 1 (L) Loes., J.A. Isaac Bidens tripartita L, 2004 J.A .Isaac et 17722 al. Araceae Bidens vulgata Greene, 1944 Jennings O.E. s.n. Arisaemadracontium Schott, 1995 R.C Leberman. (L) s.n. Centaurea biebersteinii DC, 2003 Ernst 32 Exotic S. Arisaema triphyllum Schott stewardsonll ssp. (L.) (Britt.) Cichorium intybus L, 1928 J.A. Murray s.n. Europe D Wagner 1994 Huttleston, etal. 114 J. Cirsium arvense Scop., 1980 CE. Jenkins and Jenkins F.Q. (L.) 2004 Grund Arisaema Schott triphyllum spp. triphyllum, S.R (L.) 2883 Eurasia 3642 and. L.Miller muticum and Cirsium Michx., 1987 Danielson J.K. Bissell B. Arisaema triphyllum Schott pusillum (Peck) Huttleston, ssp. (L.) 1987:269 CA. 1914 Darling s.n. Cirsium pumilum Spreng., 1928 Murray (Nutt.) J.A. s.n. 2004 Callapalustris Isaac18474 L, J.A. Cirsium i/L//gare(Savi)Ten., 1969 W.E. Buker Eurasia s.n. Peltandravirginica Schott, 2005 Speedy, M. Bowers, and (L.) L. Conyza canadensis Cronq. canadensis, 1997 W.E. var. (L.) FodseLSB1607 M. Tomon W.E. s.n. Symplocarpus ex Nutt, 2005 Speedy foetidus Salisb. (L.) L. Coreopsis 1994 Marsh et tripteris L., K. al. s.n. LSB337 2004 and Coxe 17589 Crepis capillaris Wallr., J.A. Isaac R. (L.) Europe Araliaceae Greene, 2005 Speedy Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) et Araliahispida Vent, 1962 Henry L. al. L.K. s.n. 1569 /nf/rmas Michx.] 1996 Leberman s.n. [/Aster Aralianudicaulis R.C. s.n. L., Nees 2004 racemosa 1996 R.C Leberman Doellingeria umbellata (R Mill.) var. umbellata, S.R Aralia s.n. L., Grund and L 3668 2005 R.Thomspson 05-858 Miller Araliaspinosa L, ex DC. 1992 Panax quinquefolium 1962 Lebermans.n. Erechtites hieracii folia (L.) Raf. var. hieraciifolia, K. L, R.C. Marsh etal. Panax 2005 Speedy LSB349 s.n. trifolius L., L. annuus 2004 17699 Erigeron (L) Pers., J.A. Isaac Aristolochiaceae Erigeron philadelphicus Lvar. philadelphicus, 1972 W.E. Buker Asarum canadense 1972 W.E. Buker s.n. L., s.n. Asclepiadaceae and Erigeron pulchellus Mic^x.var. pulchellus, 1982 W.E. Buker Leberman Asdepias R.C exaltata L, 1981 s.n. T.J.Grisezs.n. Asdepias incarnata ssp. incarnata, 2005 Speedy, Bisse Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. var. strigosus, 1928 J.A. L. L. J. M. Bowers and T.Pearson LSB1583 Murray s.n. 638 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) R.Thompson Eupatorium altissimum 1998 Marsh Prenanthesaltissima 2005 05-1041 L, K. s.n. L, Eupatorium fistulosum Barratt, 1984 J. K. Bissell 1984:119 Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz, 2002 J. A. Eupatorium maculatum L var. moculotum, 2005 Speedy, Isaac 15721 L. J. M. Bowers and TPearson LSB1566 Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium & Burtt obtu- Bissell Hilliard ssp. (L.) Tomon Eupatorium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum, 2005 L. Speedy sifolium, 1997 T.J. s.n. and L Armstrong LSB1598 Rudbecl<ia L 1980 Jenkins 2851 hirta var. C.E. Iiirta, Eurybia clilorolepis {Burgess) Nesom, 1997J.D.WagnerandG. Rudbecl<ia hirta Lvdi.pulcherrimaFdiw., 1952 L.K. Henry and Podniesinski 1780 [Aster chlorolepis Burgess] F.H. Beer s.n. Eurybia macrophylla Cass, 1991 R.C. Leberman s.n. Rudbecl<ia laciniata var. laciniota, 2004 J.A. Isaac 18457 (L.) L. Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees, 1997 J.K. Bissell et al. 1997:182 Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) B.S.P., 1928 J.A. Murray s.n. [Aster schreberi Nees] Silphium perfoliatum L. var. perfoliatum, 1994 K. Marsh et Euthamia graminlfoHa Greene 2004 (L.) var. gramlnlfolia, S.P. al.s.n. Grund and Long 3601 Solidagoaltissima 1997 L. Miller L, J. s.n. Gallnsoga quadriradlata Cav., 1994 K. Marsh and G. Marsh s.n. Solidago bicolor L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. & Central South America Solidago caesia 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. L., Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera, 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis, 2005 L. Speedy Gnaphalium uliginosum 1962 Henry, Europe LSB1571 L, L.K. s.n. Hasteola suaveolens 1998 1998:074 Solidago 1969 W.E. Buker (L) Pojark., J.K. Bissell flexicaulls s.n. L., Helenlumautumnale L, 1951 Henry and W.E. Buker Solidago gigantea Alt, 2005 Speedy LSB1119 L.K. s.n. L. Helenium flexuosum 2006 Grund 37 Solidago juncea 1959 Henry and Beer Raf., S.P 41 IKW., L.K. F.H. s.n. & Leberman Hellanthus microcephalus Torr. Gray, G.W. Clinton s.n. G5: Solidago nemoralis Ait., 1991 R.C. s.n. S3 Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. var. patula, 2004 J.A. Isaac Helianthus tuberosus 1970 W.E. Buker 18440 L, s.n. Heliopsisheliantholdes{L)S\Neet,var.helianthoides,]983 Solidago rugosa aspera Cronq., 1949 O.E. R.C. Mill var. (Ait.) P. CM. Leberman Jennings and Boardman s.n. s.n. Hieraclum aurantlacum L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17489 Europe Solidago rugosa R Mill var. rugosa, 2005 Speedy LSB1559 L. Hieraclum caespltosum Dumort., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17460 Solidago uliginosa Nutt. var. ullginosa, 1914 Bright s.n. J. Europe G4G5:S3 & Hieraclum gronovli 1965 D.L. Pearth s.n. Solidago ullginosa Nutt. var. Ilnoides (Torr. A. Gray) Fern., L., Hieraclum paniculatum 1887 Patterson 1940 Wurdack G4G5:SH L, B.H. s.n. s.n. J. Jr. Hieraclum pilosella var. pllosella, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17487 Sonchus arvensis ssp. arvensis, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17706 L. I. Europe Europe Hieraclum scabrum Michx. var. scabrum, 1928 J.A. Murray Sonchus arvensis L ssp. uliginosus (Bieb.) Nyman, 1968 W.E. Buker Europe s.n. s.n. Hieraclum venosum 1996 Leberman Sonchus asper{L) 2005 R.Thompson 05-1094 Europe L., R.C. s.n. Hill, Hypochaeris radicata L, 1980 R.C. Leberman s.n. Eurasia Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A.Gray) A. & D. Love, 1993 Inula helenium L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17686 Europe J.K. Bissell and B. Danielson 1993:182 G5:S1 Nesom Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake var. biflora, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17481 Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) ssp. lanceola- Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern., 1951 L.K. Henry and W.E. tum, 2002 J.A. Isaac 15713 [Aster lanceolatusWiWd. ssp. Buker lanceolatus lanceolatus] s.n. var. & Lactuca canadensis L., 1959 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. Symphyotrichum laterlflorum (L.) A. D. Love var. lateriflorum, Lactuca floridana Gaertn. var. floridana, 1970 W.E. Buker 2004 J.A. Isaac 18478 [Aster lateriflorus {L) Britton] (L.) Symphyotrichum lowrieanum Nesom, 1994 Marsh (Porter) s.n. K. Lactuca saligna L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. Europe etal. s.n. Lactuca sativa L, 2003 Ernst 117 Exotic Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Nesom, 2004 J.A. Isaac S. (L.) Leucanthemum vulgare Lam., 2004 J.A. Isaac and Coxe 18477 [Aster novae-angliae R. L.] Nesom 17585 Exotic Symphyotrichum pilosum pilosum, 2004 (Willd.) var. Matricaria discoidea DC, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17453 Exotic J.A. Isaac 18479 [Aster pilosusWiWd] Nesom Megalodonta ex Greene 2003 Symphyotrichum pilosum beckii (Torr. Spreng.), Ernst (Willd.) var. pringlel (Gray) S. Nesom, etal. 102 G4G5:S1 1971 W.E. Buker s.n. Pac/ceraaurea(L.) A. & D.Love, 2005 L. Speedy LSB346[Senec/o Symphyotrichum praealtus (Poir.) Nesom vat. praealtus, 1997 aureus 1997:077 G5:S3 J.K. Bissell etal. L.] Pac/cera oboi/ata (Muhl. ex Willd.) W.A.Weber & A. Love, 1971 Symp/iyotr/c/^a/riprenanr/io/des (Muhl. exWilld.) Nesom, 2004 W.E. Buker s.n. [Senec/oobowfus Muhl. ex Willd.] J.A. Isaac 18461 [/Isterprenanf/io/c/es Muhl. ex Willd J Petasites hybridus RG. Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb., 1968 M. Symphyotrichum puniceum A. & D. Love var. puniceum, (L.) B. (L.) Europe 2005 L Speedy LSB1617 puniceus Bayliss [Aster i] s.n. Prenanthesalba 1994 K. Marsh etal. s.n. Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom, 1971 W.E. Buker L., s.n. Morton et Flora of Crawford County, Pennsylvania 639 al., Symphyotrichum x longulum (Sheldon) Nesom [boreale x Arabisglabra Bernh., 1905 O.E.Jennings s.n. (L.) U puniceum], 1993 and Danielson 1993:188 Arablslyrata 1930W.R. VanDersal J.K. Bissell B. s.n. Tanacetum vulgare L, 1935 A.G. Dickey s.n. Europe Armoracia rustlcana P.G. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Scherb., 1909 O.E. Taraxacum G.Weber ex Wiggers 997 Jennings officinale ssp. officinale, s.n. Eurasia 1 Long Barbarea 2005 Speedy LSB325 Eurasia vulgaris Eurasia s.n. Ait. f, L. J. Tragopogondublus Scop., 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17576 Brassicajuncea (L) Czern., 1971 R.C. Leberman s.n. Eurasia Europe Brassica nigra W.D.J. Koch, 2004 Isaac 17713 Eurasia J.A. (L.) Tragopogon porrifollus L, 1947 W.E. Bul<ers.n. Europe Brassica rapa var. rapa, 1949 L.K. Henry s.n. Europe L. Tragopogon pratensis L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17716 Europe Capsella bursa-pastoris Medik., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17352 (L.) Triadenum {Spach) Gleason, 1994 J.D.Wagner 664 Eurasia fraseri Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf., 2005 L. Speedy LSB1623 Cardamine angustata O.E. Shulz, 1989 J.K. Bissell et al. 2004 Tussilagofarfara L, J.A. Isaac 17317 Eurasia 89:021 Verbesina alternifolia ex Kearney, 1946 N. Ru Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) 2005 Speedy (L.) Britt. B.S.P., L. NR-2804 LSB3360 Vernonia gigantea 1997 9872 Cardamine concatenata 2004 17337 (Walt.) TreL, J.A. Isaac (Michx.) Sw., J.A. Isaac Cardamine Wood, 2005 Speedy LSB351 diphylla (Michx.) L. Balsaminaceae Cardamine 2005 Speedy LSB330 douglassil Britt., L. impatiens capensis Meerb., 2005 Speedy LSB1114 L. Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex 2005 Speedy Willd., L. Impatiens pallida Nutt., 1940 R.W. Little s.n. LSB305 Berberidaceae Cardamine 1994 pratensis L. var. pratensis, J.K. Bi ssell et aL DC, 2005 R.Thompson 05-1051 Japan Berberisthunbergll 1994:044 G5T5:S1 2004 18463 Europe Berberis vulgaris L, J.A. Isaac Cardamine rotundlfolla Michx., 1993 et aL 93:148 J.K. Bissell Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx., 2004 J.A. Isaac 17357 Draba verna 1958 W.E. Buker Europe L, s.n. Podophyllum peltatum 1934 O.E.Jennings L, s.n. Erysimum cheiranthoides L, 1909 O.E. Jennings s.n. Eurasia Erysimum inconspicuum Watson) incon- Betulaceae MacMill.ill. var. (S. Henry spicuum, Ainuslncana Moench rugosa (Du Clausen, 2005 1951 L.K. s.n. ssp. Roi) (L.) 2004 Grund and 3632 L Speedy, M. Bowers and M. Fodse LSB1618 Hesperis matronalis L, S.P. L. Miller Europe AInus 2005 L Speedy, M. Bowers and serrulata Willd., (Ait.) Leberman Lepidium campestre 1982 M. Fodse LSB1609 (L.) Ait. F., R.C. s.n. Eurasia 2005 Speedy Betula alleghaniensis Britt. var. alleghanlensis, L. Lepidium virginicum virginicum, 1981 W.E. Buker var. s.n. LSB341 L. Raphanus raphanlstrum 1949 Henry L.K. s.n. L., Betula alleghaniensis macrolepis Brayshaw, Britt. var. (Fern.) Mediterranean 1930 Jennings O.E. s.n. Raphanus sativus L, 1914 Bright Mediterranean Henry and s.n. Betula lenta L, 1950 L.K. W.E. Buker s.n. J. Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Hayek, 2005 Speedy Betula pendula Roth, 1952 Henry and Beer (L.) L. L.K. F.H. s.n. LSB743 Eurasia & Abbe) Leberman Rorippa palustris Bess. ssp. fernaldiana (Butters Betula populifolia Marsh., 1997 R.C. s.n. (L.) Leberman 1995 Corylus americana Walt, 1998 Leberman Jonsell, R.C. s.n. R.C. s.n. Ostrya virginiana (R Mill.) K. Koch var. virginiana, 1997 R.C. Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonsell, 1901 Shafer Leberman J.A. s.n. s.n. Rorippa 1995 Leberman Europe sylvestris (L) Bess., R.C. s.n. Boraginaceae Sisymbrium altissimum L, 1960 W.E. Buker s.n. Eurasia Cynoglossum Jennings and officinale 1915 O.E. G.K. L., Sisymbrium officinale (L) Scop., 1901 J.A. Shafer s.n. Europe Jennings Eurasia s.n. Thiaspiarvense 1930 Jennings Europe L, O.E. s.n. Cynoglossum virginianum var. virginianum, 1925 O.E. L. Cabombaceae Jennings s.n. 6rasen/asc/]reber/ F.Gmel., 2004 Miller and Grund 22 Echium vulgare L, 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17575 Europe J. L. S.P. Cabomba Gray 2003 2005 Thompson 05- caroliniana var. caroliniana, S. Ernst et Hackelia virginiana Johnst., (L.) I.M. R. al.68 776 Lappula squarrosa (Relz) Dumort., 1914 Bright Eurasia s.n. Caesalpiniaceae J. Grund and 3488 osotislaxa Lehm., 2004S.P. L.Miller Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby, 1947 H.A. Wahl Myosotis scorpioides L, 2005 Speedy LSB741 Europe L. 4184 Symphytum 1928 Murray officinale L, J.A. s.n. Eurasia Callitrichaceae Brassicaceae Callitriche heterophylla Pursh ssp. heterophylla, 1991 J.K. Bisse petiolata (Bieb) Cavara &Grande, 2005 R.Thompson Alliaria 1991:058 etal. 05-653 Europe 1988 88:130 Callitriche palustris L, J.K. Bissell et al. 2004 Arabidopsis thaliana Heynh., Isaac 17454 J.A. (L.) Europe 640 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 1(1) Campanulaceae Wood, Paronychia canadensis 1914 C.A. Darling s.n. (L.) Campanula aparinoides Pursh, 1988 J.K. Bissell et al. Saponar/aof/yc/na//s L, 1994 K. Marsh etal. s.n. Europe Henry and 1988:135 Slleneantirrhina L, 1951 L.K. W.E. Bukers.n. Campanula rapunculoides L, 1970 W.E. Buker s.n. Eurasia Sllenedioica (L) Clairv., 1970 R.C. Lebernnan s.n. Europe & Ca/T)panu/astru/T]a/T]e/'/cana(L.)Small., 2002 J.K. Bissell and B. Silene latlfolia Poir. ssp. alba (P. Mill.) Greuter Burdet, 1972 Danielson 2002:156 [Cyanococcus fascatus W.E. Bukers.n. Europe Srr\3\\] 1988 Murray Europe Lobelia cardlnalis L, J.K. Bissell etal. 1988:135 Silene noctlflora L, J.A. s.n. Lobelia Inflata L, 1959 L.K. Henry and F.H. Beer s.n. Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, 1980 R.C. Leberman s.n. 2004 18460 Europe Lobelia siphilitica L. var, siphilltica, J. A. Isaac Lobelia spicata Lam. wai.spicata, 1922 O.E.Jennings s.n. Stellaria core! Shinneis, 1932 W.R.VanDersal 1923 Stellariagramlnea L, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17697 Europe Capparaceae Muhl. ex 1994 Stellaria longifolia Willd. var. longlfolia, J.D. Polanlsia dodecandra DC. dodecandra, 1950 W.E. ssp. (L.) Wagner 902 Buker s.n. Mossman media media, 1919 H.W. Stellaria (L.) Vill. var. s.n. Caprifoliaceae Europe Leberman 1997 Diervilla lonicera P. Mill, R.C. s.n. Vaccaria hispanica Rauschert, 1868 Porter (P. Mill.) T.C. s.n. Wagner Lonicera canadensis ex Marsh., 1997 and Bartr. J.D. Europe G. Podniesinski 1776 Celastraceae 2004 Grund and L 3573 Lonicera dioica Miller S.P. L., Leberman scandens 1973 Celastrus R.C. s.n. L., Lonicera morrowil Gray, 2004 S.R Grund and Miller 3616 L. Thompson Euonymus 2005 05-519 alata (Thunb.) Sieb., R. Japan & China Japan and Lonicera oblonglfolla (Goldie) Hook., 1993 J.K. Bissell B. Euonymus obovata 2001 and Chuey Nutt., J.A. Isaac C.F. Danielson 1993:119 G4:S1 13648 Lonicera tatarica L, 1980 C.E. Jenkins and F.Q. Jenkins 2873 Ceratophyllaceae Eurasia demersum 2004 Grund and L Ceratophyllum Miller S.P. L., Wagner 1994 905 Lonicera (Michx.) Schultes, villosa J.A. J.D. 3579 G5:S1 Ceratophyllum echinatum 2002 2002:128 Gray, J.K. Bissell Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis 2005 Speedy L. (L.) R. Bolli, L. Ceratophyllum murlcatum Cham., 1984 1984:119 J.K. Bissell LSB736 Sambucus racemosa L racemosa, 1995 Leberman Chenopodiaceae var. R.C. Atrlplexprostrata Boucher ex DC, 1887 B.H. Patterson s.n. s.n. Triosteum perfollatum 1940 O.E.Jennings Chenopodlum album L album, 1966 Henry s.n. var. L.K. s.n. L., Viburnum acerlfollum 2004 J.A. Isaac 17461 Chenopodium berlandierl hAoq.vdr.bushianum (Aellen) Cronq., L., Viburnum lentago 2005 Speedy LSB1129 1947 H.A.Wahl 4073 L, L. Viburnum nudum L & 2004 Chenopodlum Grimm Europe var. casslnoldes Torr. A. Gray, botrys 1941 W.C. s.n. (L.) L., Chenopodlum 18437 capltatum Ambrosi, 1909 Jennings J.A. Isaac G5:S1 O.E. (L.) Viburnum opulus L americanum 2004 G5:SH var. Ait., J.A. Isaac s.n. L Chenopodlum 17503 [Viburnum opulus trilobum (Marsh.) Clausen] simplex 1923 E.M. Gress ssp. (Torr.) Raf., s.n. G5T5:S3S4 Clusiaceae Viburnum opulus L var. opulus, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17599 Eurasia Leberman Hypericum ascyron 1998 R. s.n. L., WbL/rnamraf/nesqu/a/iL/m Schultes, 1980 Jenkins and J.A. C.E. Thomas Hypericum ellipticum Hook., 1868 Porter C. s.n. 2862 Jenkins F.Q. Hypericum mutilum 1997 9870 J.A. Isaac L., Wagner Viburnum recognitum 1994 93 Fern., J.D. et al. Hypericum perforatum 2004 Grund and 3516 L, Miller S.P. L. Caryophyllaceae Europe Agrostemma githago 1922 O.E.Jennings Europe Hypericum prollficum 2005 Speedy LSB1120. L, s.n. L, L. Arenaria serpyllifolia L, 2004 J.A. Isaac and R. Coxe 17586 Hypericum punctatum Lam., 2004 S.P. Grund and L. Miller Europe 3626 Cerastium fontanum Baumg., 1904 O.E. Jennings Eurasia s.n. Commelinaceae Cerastium glomeratum ThuilL, 2000 A.W. Cusick 35372 Tradescantia virginiana 1914 C.A. Darling s.n. L., Eurasia Convolvulaceae Cerastium nutans Raf. var. nutans, 2004 J.A. Isaac 17709 sepium angulata Brummitt, 2005 L Calystegia Dianthus armeria 2004 and Coxe 17583 (L) R. Br. ssp. Isaac J.A. R. L., Speedy, M. Bowers and Pearson Europe J. Bissell, T. sepium Brummitt, 1950 Dianthus barbatus L, 1954 W.E. Bukers.n. Eurasia Calystegia (L.) R. Br ssp.erratica L.K. Henry and W.E. Buker Moehringia 1993 s.n. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, J.K. Bissell et a 1993:151 Cornaceae Myosoton aquaticum Moench, 2004 and Coxe (L) J.A. Isaac R. L 1998 Leberman Cornusalternifolia R. s.n. f., Europe 17571

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