Checklist: Flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa: An index of accepted names and synonyms PDF
Preview Checklist: Flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa: An index of accepted names and synonyms
An index of accepted names and synonyms R.R. Klopper VT^armiTi^r C. Hab'ashi ^ H.M. S^yn/ d^Wet B.C. J-M. Arnol^ ^ Gautier L. G.F. Smith Rv Spichiger national biodiversity institute Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from South African National Biodiversity Institute Libraries https://archive.org/details/checklistfloweriOOrrkl Cheeklist of the Flowering Plants of Sub-Saharan Africa An index of accepted names and synonyms R.R.Klopper C.Chatelain V.Banninger C. Habashi H.M.Steyn B.C.deWet T.H.Arnold L.Gautier G.F.Smith R.Spichiger 2006 SouthernAfrican Botanical DiversityNetworkReportNo.42 flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa Recommendedcitationformat KLOPPER, R.R.,CHATELAIN, C„ BANNINGER,V., HABASHI,C„ STEYN, H.M., DEWET, B.C.,ARNOLD,T.H.,GAUTIER, L,SMITH,G.F.& SPICHIGER, R. 2006. Checklistoftheflowering plants ofSub-Saharan Africa. An indexofaccepted names and synonyms!South AfricanBotanicalDiversityNetworkReportNo.42.SABONET,Pretoria. Producedandpublishedby TheProjectCoordinator SouthernAfrican Botanical DiversityNetwork c/oSouthAfrican National BiodiversityInstitute(SANBI) PrivateBag X101 Pretoria,0001 SouthAfrica E-mail:[email protected] Printed in 2006intheRepublicofSouthAfrica byCapturePress,Pretoira (-1-27) 12349-1802 ISBN 1-919976-27-2 ©2006SABONET.All rights reserved.Nopartofthis publication maybereproducedortransmitted inanyformorbyanymeans withoutpermission ofthecopyrightholder. Textdesignandlayout:NadinevanWyk&Daleen Maree,SouthAfrican National BiodiversityInstitute,Pretoria Coverdesign:SandraTurck,SouthAfrican National BiodiversityInstitute,Pretoria Front cover: Left to right: Mussaendaerythrophylla (CJBG),Aloeclaviflora (A.W. Klopper), Orbeasemota (A.W. Klopper), Protea cynaroides(SANBI). Backcover:Toptobottom:Ixoralaxiflora(CJBG),Mystacidiumcapense(A.W.Klopper),Cochlospermumplanchonii(CJBG).Leftto right:Erythrinazeyheri(A.W.Klopper),Asteraceae(R.R.Klopper),Psychotriaspathacea(CJBG). SABONETwebsite:www.sabonet.org.za This report isajoint productofthe South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), ConservatoireetJardin Botaniques de la VilledeGeneve, Switzerland (CJBG) and theSouthern African Botanical Diversity Network(SABONET).Thesupportprovided bythe Global Environment Facility (GEF) / United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United States Agencyfor International Development USAID)/WorldConservation Union-Regional Officeforsouthern Africa (lUCN-ROSA) (Plotno. 14818 Lebatlane Road, Gaborone West, Extension 6 Gaborone, Botswana) made this report possible under the terms of Grant No. 690-0283-A-00-5950. SABONET is a GEF Project implemented by UNDP and co-funded by USAID / lUCN-ROSA. The opinions expressed herein are those ofthe authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID, the GEF / UNDP, the SABONET SteeringCommitteeorSABONETNationalWorkingGroups. lUCN TheWorldConservationUnion Hl|ir GEF ;ir»»- TENTS ^^: w:{% Foreword w Introduction v Background v Aim V The merging process v Nomenclatural Problems v Spellingofnames v Authorsofnames v Taxonomic Problems vi Familyconcept vi Genericconcept vi Infraspecificlevel vi Outputs vi Layout of the publication vii Statistics vii Acknowledgements x References x Statistics per family xi Dicotyledons xi Monocotyledons xvi Dicotyledons 1 Monocotyledons 683 Index to families and genera 874 About SABONET 893 Other publications in this series 894 owerins plants of Sub-Saharan Africa FOREWORD Theclosingyearsofthe20thcenturywitnessedaglobalawakeningtothecriticalstateofhealthofplanetEarthandtoanticipated high levels ofspecies extinctions and ecosystem collapse. Such awareness led to a series of international consultations, most significantofwhichwasthe United NationsConferenceon Environmentand Development,convened in RiodeJaneiro in 1992. TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD),signedinRio,hasbecomethecornerstoneofglobaleffortstodescribe,understand andconservetheworld'sgreatrichnessofanimal,plantand micro-organism life,andtheecosystemsinwhichtheyarefound. Recognising that much was still to be discovered and described despite several centuries of research into the diversity ofthe world'sspecies,theCBDlaunchedtheGlobalTaxonomyInitiative(GTI)in 1998toaddressthe'taxonomicimpediment'toeffective biodiversityconservation.The lackofcomprehensive biodiversitychecklistsfor mostcountriesand taxonomicgroups,and the direstateoftaxonomyin mostdevelopingcountries,requireda newandenergeticapproachtotheproblem. Simultaneous to the development ofthe CBD and GTI, a regional initiative was under development in southern Africa, which culminated in the establishment ofthe Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) in 1996. A prime objective of SABONETwasthedevelopmentofplanttaxonomicexpertisethroughouttheregion,andthepublicationofnationalandregional checklistsoftheflora.BuildingontheexpertisedevelopedwithinSouthAfricathroughthePRECISherbariumdatabase,SABONET soon operated in 26 herbaria in 10 southern African countries, adding 450000databased herbarium specimenstothe 750000 already within PRECIS. It also resulted in the publication ofchecklists for the flora ofeach country, and to a wide diversity of handbookson botanicalscienceandconservation intheregion. SABONETwasessentiallyasouth-southsolutiontoAfrica'staxonomicimpediment,butatalltimeslinkswithnortherninstitutions were maintained and strengthened. Through the vision of the initiators of the African Plant Checklist and Database Project (APCD),GideonSmithin PretoriaandAdelaideStorkandJean-PierreLebruninGeneva,theresultsofmanydecadesoftaxonomic synthesis,forsouthernandtropical Africa, haveproducedthepresentbenchmarkvolume.Thetenacityofpurposedisplayed by theseworkers,and the many membersoftheAPCDteam which they builtsincethe bold conceptwasfirst proposed atAETFAT 1994,deservesthepraiseofallwhoworkonthefloraofAfrica. We now have a comprehensive and critical checklist ofthe angiosperm flora of Africa south ofthe Sahara. The 50 136 listed taxa give a robust statistic on the flora ofthis continent, and ofthe families and genera to which they belong. The checklist providestheframeworkfortherapidlygrowinginformationsystemswhichdocumentthediversity,distribution,ecology,useand conservationstatusofAfrica's rich plantlife, informationwhichwill soon befreelyaccessiblethroughtheinternet. At a time of rapid technological advancement, this volume will probably be both the first, and last, hardcopy checklist ofthe African flora. Within the next decade, the phenomenal advances in electronic publication, and in internet-based information systemssuchastheAfrican PlantsInitiativedatabaseofdigitisedtypespecimensofall50000acceptedtaxaandtheirsynonyms listed inthisvolume,will replaceclassical publicationsystems.ButformanyscholarsinAfrica,theutilityandaccessofa hardcopy volume is still essential,and this bookwill providea resourceand inspirationtoworkersthroughoutthecontinentand beyond, formanyyearstocome. BrianJ Huntley ChiefExecutiveOfficer SouthAfrican National BiodiversityInstitute Chair,SouthernAfrican Botanical DiversityNetwork Kirstenbosch,December2005 Foreword \lowerins plants of Sub-Saharan Africa INTRODUCTION Background Historique The African Plant Checklist and Database project (APCD) is a Le projetAfrican PlantChecklistandDatabase (APCD) est issu collaborationbetweentheSouthAfricanNationalBiodiversity d'unecollaborationentreleSouthAfricanNationalBiodiversity Institute (SANBI) and Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques Institute (SANBI) et les ConservatoireetJardin botaniquesdela de la Ville de Geneve, Switzerland (CJBG). The project was Villede Geneve, Suisse (CJBG). II a ete congu lors du XlVeme conceivedattheXIVthCongressoftheAssociationpourI'Etude congres de I'AssociationpourI'Etude Taxonomiquedela Flore ToxonomiquedelaFlored'AfriqueTropicale(AETFAT)heldatthe d'Afrique Tropicale (AETFAT) a I'Universite Agronomique de Wageningen Agricultural University in the Netherlands from Wageningen aux Pays-Bas, qui s'est tenu du 22 au 27 Aout 22-27 August 1994 (fora complete historyofthe project, see 1994 (pour un historique complet du projet, cf. Gautier etal., Gautiereta/.,in press). souspresse). Aim Objectif The aim ofthe project was to combine Lebutdeceprojetestdefusionnerdeux twomajordatasets,namely: importantslotsdedonnees,a savoir: 1. FloraofSouthernAfrica(FSA)dataset 1. La Flora of Southern Africa (FSA) (Germishuizen&Meyer2003)and (Germishuizen&Meyer2003) 2. Lebrun & Stork (1991, 1992, 1995, 2. L' Enumeration des plantes a fleurs 1997) Enumeration des plantes a d'Afrique tropicale (EPFAT) (Lebrun fleurs d'Afrique tropicale (EPFAT) & Stork 1991, 1992, 1995, 1997) et publications and their follow-up: leursuite: TropicalAfricanflowering Tropical African flowering plants, plants, ecology and distribution ecology and distribution (Lebrun (Lebrun & Stork 2003), qui couvre & Stork 2003), covering Tropical I'Afriquetropicale. Africa. Le resultat de cette fusion represente The result is the first-ever angiosperm la premiere liste complete des checklist and database for Sub-Saharan angiospermes d'Afrique sub- Africa. saharienne. The merging process Le processus de fusion Combining the two lists was not a straightforward process La mise en commun des deux listes n'a pas ete un processus and several nomenclatural and taxonomic issues were raised simple eta mis en evidence de nombreux problemes d'ordre bythemerging process. taxonomiqueetnomenclatural. Nomenclatural Problems (these were mainly Problemes nomenclaturaux problems of standardisation) Orthographedesnoms Spellingofnames La plupart des divergences sur la fa^on d'orthographier les Most ofthe spelling discrepancies could be solved either by nomsonteteresoluesparI'utilisationdestandardslargement referringtoacommonlyacceptedstandardorbyconsultingthe reconnus, ou en consultant la diagnose originale du taxon. original publication. Forgenera:IndexNominumGenericorum Pour les noms de genres, I'IndexNominum Genericorum (Farr (Farretal. 1979, 1986)wasusedasthestandard. etal. 1979, 1986)aeteretenu. Authorsofnames Auteursdesnoms Forauthornamestheaccepted standard wasAuthorsofplant Pour les auteurs des noms, le standard adopte est Authors names (Brummitt & Powell 1992). However, discrepancies ofplant names (Brummitt & Powell 1992). Neanmoins, des betweenthetwolistsoften arose becauseofdifferentorigins disaccords entre les deux listes existent en raison des ofthedata.Onceagain,comingbacktotheoriginalpublication origines differentes des donnees. Une fois encore, le retour helped to solve these discrepancies. Although a mismatch in a la diagnose originale a permis de lever un certain nombre publication authors could generally be solved by a simple decesdisaccords. Une grande partie d'entreeux ont pu etre application ofthe nomenclaturalcode, mostofthe remaining simplementrisolusparI'applicationducodedenomenclature. discrepanciesoriginatedfromtheinclusionof'ex'authorsand La plupartdes problimessubsistantssontlaconsiquencede theirconfusionwith'in'authors,andtheirdifferentplacement I'inclusion des auteurs 'ex' et leur confusion avec les auteurs in relation to the primary author of the taxon. As there is a 'in',ainsi que leurplacement par rapporta I'auteureffectifde general tendency to omit these authors, the possibility of la publication.Etantdonniqu'ilexisteunetendanceginirale doing this systematically should be considered in the future, aomettrecesauteurs,ilseraitvraisemblablementraisonnable butonemustbeverycarefulnottodiscardtheprimaryauthor d'allerdansce sensa I'avenir,en prenanttoutefoisgardea ne inerror. pasiliminerI'auteurrieldutaxon. Introduction vi flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa Taxonomic Problems Problemes Taxonomiques Familyconcept,attributionofgeneratofamilies Conceptfamilial,attributiondesgenresauxfamilies There are some clear discrepancies as to family concepts II y a quelques discordances entre la circonscription des families between FSA and EPFAT. However, families are principally a utilisee par la FSA et par I'EPFAT. Neanmoins, il est bon de se practical means ofarranging binomials,and besides,theyare rappeler que les families ne sont qu'une maniere pratique often subject to numerous changes, especially nowadays. In d'arranger les taxons et que, par ailleurs, leur circonscription est thisrespect,theuseofastandardemergedasthesimplestway sujettead'incessantschangements,particulierementdenosjours. ofhandlingthisproblem.Therefore,whenthefamilyconcepts En consequence, lorsque la conception familiale etait la meme ofthe two datasets were similar,that view was followed, but dans lesdeuxlotsdedonnees,celle-ciaeteconservee.Encasde wheretheconceptsdiffered,Brummitt(1992)wasfollowed. disaccord,c'estlaconceptiondeBrummit(1992)quiaetesuivie. Generic concept, attribution of species to genera, syno- Conception generique, attribution des especes aux genres, nyms synonymie As both lists are critical (i.e. aiming to have only one current Les deux listes de depart etant critiques, c'est-a-dire ayant la namepertaxon),thegenericconceptsadopted,aswellasthe pretentionden'avoirqu'un seui nom retenu pouruntaxon,les taxonomictreatmentsfollowed,wereofprimary importance. conceptsgeneriquesadopteset lestraitementstaxonomiques Since both lists depend on treatments that are often limited suivis sont de premiere importance. Les deux listes etant en geographically,itwasclearthatin manycasestherewould be partiebaseessurdesrevisionsdeporteegeographiquelimitee, nogeneral consensuson which namewascurrent,andwhich il etait certain que dans bien des cas il ne serait pas possible wasa synonym.This problem is, ofcourse, n—ot specifictothe d'arriver a un consensus sur quel nom retenir et quel nom merging of these two separate checklists it is general in mettreensynonyme.Ceproblemen'estbienentendupaslimite botanyand is,forinstance,encountereddailywhencuratinga a ce genre de travail. II est par exemple le pain quotidien des herbariumwithworldwidecollections. conservateursquigerentdesherbiersd'importancemondiale. Thepresentworkdoesnotpretendtosolvethesediscrepancies, Lepresenttravail nepretend pasresoudrecesdisaccords,etles and the outputs are designed to reflect both FSA and EPFAT produitsquienderiventontetecon<;usdemaniereapresenteren taxonomicviewsin parallel.Inthisway,itshould helptopoint parallelelesvuesdesdeuxlotsdedonnees,mettantparlameme outareasforfutureresearch intaxonomy. enevidencelesgroupesouuntravaildefondestnecessaire. Infraspecificlevel Niveauinfraspecifique Merging thetwo datasets hasalso revealed an immense area Lafusiondesdeuxlotsdedonneesaegalementmisenevidenceun fordiscrepanciesattheinfraspecificlevel.Theseinclude: vastechampdedisaccordsauniveauinfraspicifique.Parexemple: * Species that are subdivided into infraspecifics in one • Des espices divisies en taxons infraspicifiques dans un dataset,butnotintheother. lotdedonniesetpasdansI'autre. * Species that are subdivided at a different level, e.g. • Des espices divisies a des niveaux diffirents (variitis, subspeciesvsvarieties. sous-especes,...). * Infraspecificcascades. • Descascadesinfraspicifiques. Once more, the outputs are designed to present both views, Ici encore, les produits de ce travail ont iti con^us pour waiting for a future taxonomic treatment to solve these prisenter les deux vues dans I'attente de leur risolution par issues. destraitementssystimatiquesfuturs. Outputs Les produits The first output is this hardcopy publication ofthe checklist. Le premier produit consiste en cette version imprimie de This is a milestone in the project and will only be published la liste. Elle reprisente une itape dans le projet et ne sera once. vraisemblablementpas reconduite. Thesecondandlong-termoutputisasearchabledatabasethat Le deuxiime produit, en ivolution, est une base de donnies is freely accessiblethrough the internet. Itwill be continually librementaccessibledepuisinternet.Celle-ciseracontinuellement updated, regularly incorporating additions and corrections. mise ajour, incorporant les additions et corrections au fur et a Theelectronicversion ofthefinal merged database ishoused mesure de leur parution. La version ilectronique de cette base at CJBG; www.ville-ge.ch/cib/bd/africa.There is also a linkto dedonniesesthibergieauxCJBGetonyaccedeparI'adresse the database on the SANBI website: www.sanbi.org/frames/ infofram.htm suivante:www.ville-ge.ch/cib/bd/africa. Ilyaigalementun lien . verscette basededonniesurlesitedu SANBI:www.sanbi.org/ frames/infofram.htm . Introduction
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