CHECKLIST AND HOST PLANTS OF THE TREEHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA : MEMBRACIDAE) OF NORTH CAROLINA

21 Pages·1999·10.3 MB·

by  C H Dietrich

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
101(2), 1999, pp. 242-262
CHECKLIST AND HOST PLANTS OF THE TREEHOPPERS (HEMIPTERA:
MEMBRACIDAE) OF NORTH CAROLINA
Christopher H. Dietrich, Mark J. Rothschild, and Lewis L. Deitz
(CHD) Center for Biodiversity, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody
Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, U.S.A. (e-mail: [email protected]); (MJR) Mary-
land Department of Agriculture, Plant Protection Section, 27722 Nanticoke Road, Unit 2,
MD
Salisbury, 21801, U.S.A.; (LLD) Department of Entomology, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7613 (e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. Based on recent collecting and an examination ofmuseum specimens, at least
89 treehopper species (Hemiptera: Membracidae) occur in North Carolina, of which 26
species represent new state records. The presence of 13 species previously recorded from
North Carolina could not be verified based on available material. Three previous North
Carolina records were found to be based on misidentifications. The known distribution (by
county) and host plants in North Carolina are given for each species. Photographs of rep-
resentative taxa and a host plant index are included. Stictocephala bisonia Kopp and Yonke
is reinstated as a valid name (and not a junior synonym of Ceresa alta Walker).
Key Words: Membracidae, treehopper, taxonomy, biogeography, insect-plantinteractions
The family Membracidae (Figs. 1-10) in- Records of North Carolina treehoppers
cludes more than 3,000 described treehopper were summarized by Metcalf(1915), Brim-
species worldwide (McKamey 1998). About ley (1938, 1942), Wray (1950, 1967), Met-
260 are known to occur in temperate North calfand Wade (1965), and Kopp and Yonke
America. Many of these species are restrict- (1973a-c, 1974: distribution maps). Kopp
ed to the mixed hardwood forests and sa- and Yonke's series provided keys to many
vannas of the eastern United States, where species in eastern North America. Deitz et
they exploit a variety of woody and herba- al. (1976), McGiffen and Neunzig (1985),
ceous plants as hosts for oviposition, feed- and Hargrove (1986) gave further records
ing, or both. Most North American treehop-
of North Carolina treehoppers associated
per species are univoltine, solitary, andcryp-
with soybeans, grapes, and black locust, re-
tic as both immatures and adults, and, hence
are seldom noticed or collected. A few spe- spectively.
The objectives of the present work were
cies, however, are multivoltine, gregarious
to document the species richness of North
(Figs. 7, 8), ant-mutualistic (Figs. 8, 10), or
Carolina treehoppers, summarize the known
aposematic (Fig. 7), and are therefore some-
what conspicuous. Three kinds oflife cycles distributions (Fig. 1 1: county map) and host
are common among North American tree- plant associations within the state, and pro-
hoppers (Table 1). Many members of cate- vide an up-to-date checklist following cur-
gory III that feed and oviposit on oaks (Figs. rent nomenclature. Although host records
5, 8) are usually found as adults for only a for numerous species have been published
few weeks in May or June, depending on (e.g., Funkhouser 1917; Ball 1931; Kopp
the location within the state. and Yonke 1973a-c, 1974), the extent to
VOLUME NUMBER
101, 2 243
Figs. 1-6. Representative treehoppers of North Carolina. 1, Microcentrus catyae. 2, Acutalis tartarea. 3,
Micrutalis calva. 4. Campylenchia latipes. 5, Glossonotus univitlatiis. 6. Stictocephala niilitaris.
which host associations vary geographical- child Collection, % Maryland Department
ly is poorly documented and most pub- of Agriculture, Salisbury [MJRC]; Florida
lished records have not been verified State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville
through rearing of immatures. [FSCA]; North Carolina Department ofAg-
riculture, Raleigh [NCDA]; and the Nation-
Materials and Methods
al Museum ofNatural History, Smithsonian
The species records below are based on Institution, Washington, D.C. [USNM]. C.
specimens in the following collections: the S. Brimley's historically important material
North Carolina State University Insect Col- is housed at the collections ofNCDA (spec-
lection, Raleigh [NCSU: includes recent imens and card files) and NCSU (speci-
material from the authors]; Mark J. Roths- mens).
244 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 7-10. Representative treehoppers of Nortii Carolina (continued). 7, Platycoiis vittata, aggregation ot
teneral adults. 8, Vcmdnzeu arqiuito. aggregation ofadults and nymphs attended by ants. 9. Ophidernui evelyna:
left, female (green), right, male (brown). 10, Entylici cahnata (left) and Piiblilia concavci (right, attended by
ant).
VOLUME NUMBER
101. 2 245
Table 1. Three major kinds oflife cycles in treehoppers ofeastern North America (modified from Kopp and
Yonke 1973a).
Calcgoiy:Taxa Overwintering Development GenerationsPerYear
I: Polyglyptini. Platycotis adults overwinter in litter nymphs feed and develop 2 (most are bivoltine)
vittata. probably Cam- on herbaceous or
pylenchia latipes, some woody host plants
Vandiiz.ea and some
Ceresini
II: Acutalini. most Ceresini. eggs overwinter under nymphs feed and develop 1 (univoltine)
some Micnitalis bark in young twigs of on herbaceous host
woody hosts plants (many females
require preoviposition
period before laying
eggs)
III: Smiliini. Microcentnis eggs overwinter under nymphs feed and develop 1 (most are univoltine)
spp., Enchenopa biiiota- bark in young twigs of on same woody hosts
ta complex, some Mi- woody hosts used for oviposition
crutalis
Records are based on adult specimens sects of North Carolina (Brimley 1938,
except as noted. Among species of Ceresi- 1942, Wray 1950, 1967), and The Treehop-
ni, males are generally required for positive pers ofMissouri (Kopp and Yonke 1973a-
identification (Kopp and Yonke 1979); con- c, 1974), names from those works that dif-
sequently, females without associated males fer from current nomenclature are given for
often could not be identified. Each entry in- each entry in square brackets (occasionally
cludes a list of counties in North Carolina with other notes on synonymy). For addi-
from which the species has been recorded, tional synonymy, see Fascicle 1, Membra-
the seasonal distribution (earliest and latest cidae, and its supplements, in the General
calendar date of collection of adults), and Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Funkhouser
North Carolina host records. A few speci- 1927, Metcalf and Wade 1965, McKamey
mens bore labels indicating a locality situ- 1998) and the associated bibliographies
ated on the border of two or three counties; (Metcalf and Wade 1963, Deitz and Kopp
these were considered to occur in all of the 1987, Deitz 1989).
counties involved. For convenience, the checklist is ar-
Except as noted, only North Carolina ranged alphabetically by genus and species.
host associations based on specimens ex- Table 2 summarizes the placement of the
amined are reported here. Hosts marked included genera into tribes and subfamilies.
with an asterisk (*) are those from which
both nymphs and adults have been collect- Results
ed. Other plants listed are those from which
only adults have been collected, so some Recent collecting in North Carolina
may not be true hosts. Botanical nomencla- yielded numerous new state, county, and
ture follows Kartesz (1994), Liberty Hyde host records. Figure 1 1 indicates the num-
Bailey Hortorium (1976), and Radford et al. ber of treehopper species recorded for each
(1968). To conserve space, botanical com- of North Carolina's 100 counties. The high-
mon names and the authors of plant scien- er species richness recorded near Raleigh
tific names are given only in the alphabet- (Wake County, 68 species), Asheville (Bun-
ical host index. combe County, 39 species), Boone (Watau-
To facilitate comparisons with The In- ga county, 30 species), and Charlotte
246 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
f^^
^^A
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VOLUME NUMBER
101, 2 247
Table 2. Summary of the classification of North Carolina Membracidae (based on Deitz 1975, Kopp and
Yonke 1979, and Deitz and Dietrich 1993).
Subfamily Stegaspidinae:
Tribe Microcentrini: Microcentnis Stal 1869 (Fig. 1).
Subfamily Membracinae:
Tribe Hoplophorionini: Playcotis Stal 1869 (Fig. 7).
Tribe Membracini: Tylopelta Fowler 1894; Campylenchia Stal 1869 (Fig. 4); Enchenopa Amyot & Serville
1843.
Subfamily Smiliinae:
Tribe Acutalini: Aciilalis Fairmaire 1846 (Fig. 2).
Tribe Micrutalini: Micrittalis Fowler 1895 (Fig. 3).
Tribe Ceresini: Hadrophallus Kopp and Yonke 1979; Stictolohus Metcalf 1916; Tortistilus Caldwell 1949;
Stictocephala Stal 1869 (Fig. 6); Spissistilus Caldwell 1949.
Tribe Amastrini: Vandiizea Coding 1892 (Fig. 8).
Tribe Smiliini: Archasia Stal 1867; Carynota Fitch 1851; Glossonotus Butler 1877 (Fig. 5); Heliria Stal 1867;
Telamona Fitch 1851; Thelia Amyot and Serville 1843;Atymna Stal 1867; Cyrtolobiis Coding 1892; Ophi-
denna Fairmaire 1846 (Fig. 9); Smilia Germar 1833; Xantholobus Van Duzee 1908.
Tribe Polyglyptini: Publilia Stal 1866 (Fig. 10, right); Entylia Germar 1833 (Fig. 10, left).
(Mecklenburg County, 29 species) reflects viously misidentified species Hadrophal-
greater collecting effort in those areas. lus constans (Walker), Spissistilus unifor-
With at least 89 species. North Carolina mis (Fairmaire), and Telamona concava
ranks third among the few states for which Fitch, are included below in square brack-
treehopper checklists have been published. ets.
New York ranks first (100 currently recog- Five additional species reported from ad-
nized species: Leonard 1928) and Ohio sec- jacent states may eventually be found in
ond (93 currently recognized species, in- North Carolina, but are not included in the
cluding two presumed present based on rec- checklist: Palonica pyramidata (Uhler),
ords in neighboring states: Osbom 1940), Stictocephala albescens (Van Duzee), and
but dubious identifications may have inflat- Thelia uhleri Stal, all reported from Virgin-
ed the accuracy of counts for those states. ia (Kopp and Yonke 1973b, 1974: distri-
Among treehoppers, males, females, or
bution maps); Helonica excelsa (Fairmaire),
both may be polymorphic with respect to reported from South Carolina (Kopp and
pronotal shape and coloration (Figs. 7, 9). Yonke 1974: map); and Telamona compac-
Frequently, previous workers incorrectly ta Ball (specimen [USNM] from Rocky
identified a single polymorphic species as
Bottom, South Carolina [<10 miles from
two or more distinct species.
Transylvania County, North Carolina]).
Thirteen species previously reported
Table 3 shows the species richness of
from North Carolina whose occurrence in
North Carolina's treehopper fauna com-
the state we could not verify and three pre-
pared to the Nearctic Region and the world.
Especially well represented in North Caro-
Table 3. Comparison oftreehopper diversity in the lina are the genera Cyrtolobus (21 species),
owonrlMdc,KtahemeNeyarc1t9i9c8Raengdiotnh,eapnrdeseNnotrtwhorCka)r.olina(based Telamona (10), Ophiderma (7), and Heliria
(6). All species recorded are native to North
Geographic Suh- Carolina and nearly all are endemic to the
Area Species Genera familit
eastern U.S.
World 3.177 397 49 12 North Carolina treehoppers have been
Nearctic Region 258 62 13 6 collected on at least 45 plant genera in 19
North Carolina 26 9 3
families, including 12 genera ofAsteraceae,
248 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
9 of Fabaceae, and 3 of Fagaceae. More- August. Host associations: Castanea den-
over, 39 species (43 percent of the state's tata*, C. pumila*.
membracid fauna) may be found on oaks [Atymna inornata (Say 1830)]. Records of
(Fagaceae), with 16 species ofQuercus Ust- this species in North Carolina (Metcalf
ed below as hosts. 1915, Van Duzee 1917, Brimley 1938 [as
Cyrtolobus inornata]) were not verified
Checklist of North Carolina by the present authors.
Membracidae Atymna querci (Fitch 1851). Counties: Al-
leghany, Ashe, Buncombe, Cabarrus,
Acutalis tartarea (Say 1830) [in part as Cleveland, Duplin, Forsyth, Haywood,
Acutalis tartarea var. semicrema (Say Macon, Martin, Nash, Orange, Vance,
1830) in Brimley 1938]. Fig. 2. Counties: Wake, Warren, Washington, Watauga,
Alamance, Alexander, Anson, Ashe,
Wayne, Yadkin. Seasonal distribution: 14
Beaufort, Bladen, Buncombe, Burke, Ca-
April-8 September. Host associations:
barrus, Caldwell, Carteret, Chatham, Da-
Quercus alba*, Q. stellata*, Vitis rotun-
vidson, Duplin, Edgecombe, Forsyth,
difolia.
Granville, Haywood, Henderson, Hyde,
Campylenchia latipes (Say 1824). Fig. 4.
Jackson, Johnston, Mecklenburg, Nash,
Counties: Alamance, Alexander, Allegh-
Onslow, Orange, Pamlico, Pasquotank,
any, Ashe, Avery, Bladen, Brunswick,
Person, Polk, Rutherford, Stanly, Surry, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Caldwell,
Tyrrell, Wake, Warren, Washington, Wa- Chatham, Cleveland, Davidson, Davie,
tauga, Wayne, Wilkes, Wilson. Seasonal Duplin, Durham, Forsyth, Graham, Gran-
distribution: 24 May-23 November. Host ville, Guilford, Halifax, Haywood, John-
associations: Ambrosia artemisiifolia, ston, Jones, Macon, Madison, Martin,
Arimdinaria sp., Bidens coronata, Eu- McDowell, Mecklenburg, Mitchell,
patorium capiUifolium, Helianthus sp., Montgomery, Moore, New Hanover,
Solidago sp. Onslow, Orange, Pender, Polk, Ruther-
Archasia auriculata (Fitch 1851) [asA. gal- ford, Sampson, Scotland, Stanly, Swain,
eata (Fabricius 1803), a preoccupied Transylvania, Wake, WaiTen, Washing-
name, in Brimley 1938]. Counties: Blad- ton, Watauga, Wayne, Wilkes, Yadkin.
en, Buncombe, Columbus, Moore, Wake. Seasonal distribution: [? 4 May (NCSU)],
Seasonal distribution: 9 May-27 August. 3 June—21 November. Host associations:
Host associations: Quercus nigra, Q. ve- Medicago sativa, Solidago sp.
lutina"^. Carynota marmorata (Say 1830). Counties:
Archasia belfragei Stal 1869. Counties: Haywood, Henderson, Jackson, Moore,
Bladen, Buncombe, Columbus, Hender- Stanly, Wake, Watauga. Seasonal distri-
son, Macon, Wake. Seasonal distribution: bution: 6 June-30 July. Host associa-
12 May-1 1 September. Host associations: tions: Betula sp.
Quercus alba*, Q. phellos. Notes: Brim- Carynota mera (Say 1830). Counties: Blad-
ley's (1938) record of A. belfragei from en, Currituck, Hyde, Mecklenburg, New
Southern Pines (Moore County, June), Hanover, Pitt, Wake. Seasonal distribu-
actually represents a specimen (NCDA) tion: [18 May, nymphs], 21 May-late Oc-
of A. auriculata. tober. Host associations: Carya illino-
Atymna castaneae (Fitch 1851) [as Cyrto- inensis, C. sp*.
lobus castaneus (Fitch) in Brimley 1938]. Cyrtolobus arcuatus (Emmons 1854).
Counties: Ashe, Bladen, Buncombe, Counties: Greene, Harnett, Hertford,
Burke, Graham, Haywood, Jackson, Wake. Seasonal distribution: 24 April—12
Sampson, Surry, Swain, Watauga, Yan- May. Host associations: Quercus falca-
cey. Seasonal distribution: 23 May-31 ta*, Q. phellos.
,
VOLUME NUMBER
101. 2 249
Cyrtolobus auroreus Woodruff 1924. NEW tion: 18 May-18 June. Host associations:
STATE RECORD. Counties: Ashe, Du- no data for North Carolina.
plin, Guilford, Macon, Mecklenburg, Cyrtolobus fuliginosus (Emmons 1854).
Wake, Wayne. Seasonal distribution: 23 Counties: Cabarrus, Franklin, Greene,
April-19-20 June. Host associations: Harnett, Hertford, Johnston, Lenoir, Mar-
Qiiercus alba*, Q. prinus. tin, Mecklenburg, Pasquotank, Randolph,
Cyrtolobus celsus Van Duzee 1917 [as C. Wake, Warren, Washington, Wayne. Sea-
celsis (sic) in Brimley 1938]. Counties: sonal distribution: 23 April-26 May.
Moore. Seasonal distribution: 22 May. Host associations: Quercus coccinea, Q.
Host associations: no data for North Car- falcata*, Q. palustris, Q. phellos, Q. stel-
olina. lata, Q. velutina*.
Cyrtolobus clarus Woodruff 1924. NEW Cyrtolobus funkhouseri Woodruff 1924.
STATE RECORD. Counties: Wake. Sea- NEW STATE RECORD. Counties:
sonal distribution: 4-25 May. Host as- Mecklenburg, Stokes, Wake, Wilkes,
sociations: Quercus palustris*, Q. phel- Yadkin. Seasonal distribution: 13 May-
los*. 1 1 June. Host associations: Quercus pal-
[Cyrtolobus discoidalis (Emmons 1854)]. ustris.
Brimley's (1938) record ofthis species in Cyrtolobus fuscipennis Van Duzee 1908.
North Carolina (Balsam, Jackson Coun- Counties: Ashe, Buncombe, Burke, Jack-
ty) could not be verified, but may be the son, Macon, Mecklenburg, Wake. Sea-
basis for Kopp and Yonke's (1973c: map) sonal distribution: 24 April-22 July. Host
associations: Quercus alba*, Q. nigra.
record. NEW
Cyrtolobus dixiamis Woodruff 1924. NEW Cyrtolobus grisens Van Duzee 1908.
STATE RECORD. Counties: Cabarrus, STATE RECORD. Counties: Ashe,
Burke, Montgomery, Vance, Wake. Sea-
Duplin, Franklin, Wake. Seasonal distri-
sonal distribution: 29 April-6 July. Host
bution: 26 April-26 May. Host associa-
associations: Quercus alba, Q. stellata.
tions: Quercus alba, Q. falcata, Q. pal- Cyrtolobus inermis (Emmons 1854). NEW
ustris, Q. stellata*. STATE RECORD. Counties: Bladen,
Cyrtolobusfenestratus (Fitch 1851). Coun-
Hoke, Rutherford, Wake. Seasonal distri-
ties: Bladen, Dare, Edgecombe, Forsyth, bution: 3 May-10 June. Host associa-
Greene, Hertford, Hoke, Johnston, Le-
tions: Quercusfalcata* Q. marilandica*
noir, Nash, Pasquotank, Robeson, Rock- ,
Q. stellata.
ingham, Wake, Washington, Wilson. Sea- Cyrtolobus maculifrontis (Emmons 1854).
sonal distribution: [15 April, nymph], 24 Counties: Ashe, Bladen, Duplin, Gran-
April-19 May. Host associations: Quer- ville, Vance, Wake, Watauga, Wayne.
cusfalcata*, Q. laevis, Q. margarettiae, Seasonal distribution: [? March (NCSU)],
Q. marilandica*, Q. nigra*, Q. palustris, 23 April-27 June. Host associations:
Q. phellos*, Q. rubra*, Q. velutina, Q. Quercus alba*, Q. falcata.
virginiana. Notes: Brimley's (1938) June Cyrtolobus ovatus Van Duzee 1908. Coun-
C
record of fenestratus from Blowing ties: Bladen, Hoke, Johnston, Moore,
Rock (Watauga County) was not verified Richmond, Sampson, Wake. Seasonal
by the present authors, while his July rec- distribution: 7 May-28 June. Host asso-
ord from Blowing Rock may represent a ciations: Quercus laevis*, Q. marilandi-
specimen (NCDA) of C puritanus ca*.
Woodruff. Cyrtolobus pallidifrontis (Emmons 1854).
Cyrtolobus flavolatus Woodruff 1924. NEW STATE RECORD. Counties: Bun-
NEW STATE RECORD. Counties: Bun- combe, Currituck, Wake, WaiTcn, Watau-
combe, Vance, Wake. Seasonal distribu- ga. Seasonal distribution: 29 April-26
,
250 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
July. Host associations: Quercus alba, Q. leghany, Ashe, Avery, Buncombe, Ca-
stellata*. swell, Columbus, Duplin, Franklin, Hay-
NEW
Cyrtolobus parx'ulus Woodruff 1924. wood, Henderson, Jackson, Macon,
STATE RECORD. Counties: Bladen, Mecklenburg, Moore, Rockingham, Tran-
Moore, Richmond. Seasonal distribution: sylvania, Vance, Wake, Yancey. Seasonal
23 May-17 June. Host associations: no distribution: late March-5 September.
data for North Carolina. Notes: Hosts re- Host associations: Quercus alba*, Q. pri-
ported elsewhere include two species of nus, Q. stellata.
Quercus (Kopp and Yonke 1973c). Enchenopa binotata (Say 1824) complex
Cyrtolobus pulchellus Woodruff 1924. (see Notes, below, for discussion of the
NEW STATE RECORD. Counties: Ashe. complex). Counties: Alamance, Allegh-
Seasonal distribution: 19-20 June. Host any, Ashe, Buncombe, Carteret, Chat-
associations: Quercus rubra. ham, Gates, Graham, Guilford, Hay-
Cyrtolobus puritanus Woodruff 1924. wood, Iredell, Macon, Madison, McDow-
Counties: Buncombe, Wake, Watauga, ell, Moore, New Hanover, Richmond,
Yancey [as "Black Mountains," which is Sampson, Stanly, Transylvania, Wake,
on the Buncombe-Yancey border
(USNM)]. Seasonal distribution: 26 Yancey. Seasonal distribution: [1 May,
nymph], 15 May-3 October. Host asso-
May-20 July. Host associations: no data
ciations: Carya sp., Cercis canadensis*
for North Carolina. Notes: Brimley's
Juglans nigra*, Liriodendron tulipifera,
(1938) record of C. puritanus from Lake
Robinia pseudoacacia* Viburnum prun-
Toxoway (Transylvania Co.) was not ver- ,
ifolium*. Notes: The Enchenopa binotata
ified by the present authors. Hosts re-
ported elsewhere include five species of complex is thought to include nine bio-
Quercus (Kopp and Yonke 1973c). logically distinct North American spe-
[Cyrtolobus sculptus (Fairmaire 1846)]. Rec- cies, each of which is associated with a
C different genus or species of deciduous
ords of sculptus in North Carolina
(Coding 1893, Van Duzee 1917, Brimley woody host plant: (1) Carya spp., (2) Ce-
1938) were not verified by the present au- lastris scandens, (3) Cercis canadensis,
thors. (4) Juglans cinerea, (5) J. nigra, (6) Lir-
Cyrtolobus togatus Woodruff 1924. NEW iodendron tulipifera, (7) Ptelea trifoliata,
STATE RECORD. Counties: Buncombe, (8) Robiniapseudoacacia, and (9) Vibur-
Cabarrus, Durham, Franklin, Harnett, num spp. (Pratt and Wood 1992, 1993).
Mecklenburg, Nash, Rockingham, Vance, Three published names are currently
Wake, Yadkin. Seasonal distribution: 23 available for species within this complex,
April-23-30 June. Host associations: but the corresponding original descrip-
Quercus nigra*, Q. phellos*, Q. stellata. tions lack host plant data as well as mor-
Cyrtolobus tuberosus (Fairmaire 1846). phological criteria useful for distinguish-
Counties: Bladen, Cabarrus, Camden, ing either the nymphs or adults from oth-
Caswell, Columbus, Craven, Franklin, er species in the complex (Pratt and
Hertford, Hoke, Lenoir, Mecklenburg, Wood 1992). Pratt and Wood (1992) de-
Montgomery, Nash, Northampton, Robe- scribed the fifth instar nymphs of species
son, Rockingham, Wake, Warren, Wayne, in the complex and provided a key for
Wilson. Seasonal distribution: 16 April- their identification, but did not attempt to
1 June. Host associations: Quercusalba*, resolve the nomenclatural problems.
Q. margarettiae, Q. marilandica, Q. ni-
gra, Q. prinus, Q. rubra, Q. stellata, Q. Based on host data, specimens examined
virginiana. from North Carolina appear to represent
Cyrtolobus vau (Say 1830). Counties: Al- five of the nine species in the complex:
VOLUME NUMBER
101, 251
Cercis canadensis"^: Buncombe and Wake terial could not be located for the present
Counties (10 June-5 July). study. Also, Brimley's (1938) material
Jiiglans nigra*: Ashe and Sampson County from Hendersonville (Henderson County)
([23 May, nymph] 5 July). and Willard (Pender County) could not
Liriodendron tulipifera: Chatham County be located and his specimen (NCDA)
(2 July). from "Spruce" is actually labelled "Sun-
Robinia pseudoacacia*: Macon County (5 burst" (Haywood County).
August). Glossonotus acuminatus (Fabricius 1775).
Viburnum prunifolium*: Wake County (27 Counties: Duplin, Wake. Seasonal distri-
May). bution: 6 May-14 June. Host associa-
tions: Quercusfalcata*.
Entylia carinata (Forster 1771) [in part as Glossonotus turriculatus (Emmons 1854).
E. concisa Walker 1851, and as E. sinu- Counties: Buncombe-Yancey [as "Black
ata (Fabricius 1798) in Brimley 1938; as Mountains," which is on the border of
E. bactriana Germar 1835, in Kopp and these counties (USNM)]. Seasonal distri-
Yonke 1973b; E. carinata (Forster) in bution: 15-20 June. Host associations: no
Remes-Lenicov 1973]. Fig. 10 (left). data for North Carolina. Notes: Hosts re-
Counties: Alamance, Alexander, Allegh- ported elsewhere include Crataegus and
any, Anson, Ashe, Avery, Beaufort, Ber- Quercus (Kopp and Yonke 1974).
tie, Bladen, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarrus, Glossonotus univittatus (Harris 1841). Fig.
Caldwell, Camden, Catawba, Chatham, 5. Counties: Bladen, Burke, Mecklen-
Cherokee, Clay, Cleveland, Cumberland, burg, Rockingham. Seasonal distribution:
Dare, Davidson, Davie, Duplin, Durham, 16 May-4 August. Host associations:
Edgecombe, Gaston, Gates, Graham, Quercus alba, Q. rubra.
Granville, Harnett, Haywood, Henderson, Hadrophallus borealis (Fairmaire 1846) [as
Hertford, Hoke, Hyde, Iredell, Jackson, Ceresa borealis Fairmaire in Brimley
Johnston, Lincoln, Macon, Madison, Mc- 1938; as Spissistilus borealis (Fairmaire)
Dowell, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, in Kopp and Yonke 1973b]. Counties:
Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Onslow, Buncombe, Stanly, Swain, Wake, Watau-
Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Pitt, ga. Seasonal distribution: 3 June-29 Au-
Polk, Rockingham, Sampson, Scotland, gust. Host associations: no data for North
Stanly, Surry, Swain, Transylvania, Carolina. Notes: One female specimen
Vance, Wake, Warren, Washington, Wa- from Waynesville, Haywood County, 14
tauga, Wayne, Yadkin, Yancey. Seasonal Sept., probably H. borealis-was formerly
distribution: 13 March-19 December. misidentified as Ceresa constans (Walk-
Host associations: Ambrosia artemisiifol- er) by Z.R Metcalf (NCDA). Hosts re-
ia*. Ambrosia sp.. Aster sp., Bidens bi- ported elsewhere include species in sev-
pinnata, B. coronata, B. sp., Conyza can- eral plant families (Kopp and Yonke
adensis (as Erigeron canadensis). Dahlia 1973b).
sp., Erechtites hieraciifolia*, Erigeron [Hadrophallus constans (Walker 1851),
sp., Eupatorium capillifolium, E. pilos- misidentification]. Brimley's (1938) rec-
um, E. sp.. Glycine max, Helianthus an- ords of Ceresa constans (Walker) refer to
nuus, H. tuberosus*, H. sp., Quercuspai- H. borealis (Raleigh [Wake County],
nstris, Silphium sp.. Solanum tuberosum, Waynesville [Haywood County]), Sticto-
Solidago sp., Verbesina alternifolia (as cephala militaris (Havelock), or S. brev-
Actinomeris alternifolia), Vitis rotundi- ityIus (Newton); Kopp and Yonke's
folia, V. sp. Notes: Deitz et al. (1976) re- (1973b: map) North Carolina record of
ported an Entylia from Glycine max in this species (as S. constans) was probably
Columbus Co., however, the voucher ma- based on Brimley's publication.