Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions (Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients) PDF
Preview Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions (Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients)
Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions ≥ Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des islamischen Orients Beihefte zur Zeitschrift „Der Islam“ Herausgegeben von Lawrence I. Conrad Neue Folge Band 22 Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York Charity and Giving in Monotheistic Religions Edited by Miriam Frenkel and Yaacov Lev Walter de Gruyter · Berlin · New York (cid:2)(cid:2) Printedonacid-freepaperwhichfallswithintheguidelines oftheANSItoensurepermanenceanddurability. ISBN 978-3-11-020946-4 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Charityandgivinginmonotheisticreligion/[editedby]MiriamFrenkel andYaacovLev. p.cm.(cid:2)(StudienzurGeschichteundKulturdesislamischenOri- ents,ISSN1862-1295;Bd.22) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-3-11-020946-4(hardcover:alk.paper) 1.Genorosity. 2.Genorosity(cid:2)Religiousaspects. 3.Monotheism. 4.Charity. I.Frenkel,Miriam. II.Lev,Yaacov. BJ1533.G4G46 2009 2051.677(cid:2)dc22 2009004216 BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternet athttp://dnb.d-nb.de. (cid:2) Copyright2009byWalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,D-10785Berlin. Allrightsreserved,including thoseoftranslationintoforeignlanguages. Nopartofthis bookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicorme- chanical,includingphotocopy,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. PrintedinGermany Coverdesign:ChristopherSchneider,Laufen In Memoriam Zeev Rubin (1942–2009) Preface This book is an outgrowth of the activity of an international research group on Charity and Piety in the Middle East in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages conducted at The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Jerusalem, during summer 2006-winter 2007. The theme of con- tinuity and transformation was at the heart of the group’s work as well as deliberationsbuiltaroundweeklyseminarsgivenbythegroup’smembers, visiting scholars, and guests. A concluding conference, held on 11–12 February 2007, marked the high point of the group’s activities. All of us who were associated with the group enjoyed the unflagging hospitalityandservicesof theIASandweoweagreatdebtofgratitudeto IAS’staff: Ofer Arbeli, the computer expert, Dalia Avieli, Smadar Berg- man, Pnina Feldman, the administrative director, Shani Freiman, Han- och Kalimian, Batia Matalov, Efrat Shvily, and chef Shoshana Yazdii, whose cooking we enjoyed every day. The academic program of the groupwasapprovedandguidedbyBenjaminZ.Kedar,theformerdirec- tor of the IAS, and Eliezer Rabinovici, the current director.We are much obliged to both of them for their valuable suggestions and advice. TheeditorsaremuchindebtedtoSusanR.HolmanandMarinaRus- tow, members of the editorial board, for their counsel, assistance, and work. We would also like to express our deep gratitude to all the scholars who were associated with the group. This book is their book too. This volume is dedicated to the memory of our dear colleague Zeev Rubin (1942–2009), who was an outstanding member of our research group. Rubin was professor of History at Tel Aviv University. During his long teaching career he taught a variety of courses, ranging from Homer to Sigmund Freud: Greek and Roman history, Byzantine history and historiography, early Medieval Europe, the Crusades, and even the myth of Oedipus throughout the ages. His exceptionally wide and diver- sified range of scholarly interests and his unusual gift for languages both ancient and modern were in evidence in all his written works. His pub- lications deal with many aspects of Late Antiquity, among them the po- litical history of the Roman Empire, the conversion of the Roman world and its neighbours to Christianity, the history of Jerusalem and Palestine VIII Preface under late Roman and Byzantine rule, as well as Sasanid historiography and history, including charity and poverty. He excelled in the interpreta- tionof theprimarysources,betheyPatristictextsinavarietyof languag- es, royal Sasanid inscriptions, the Babylonian Talmud or medieval Arabic historiography.Hewaslearned,friendly,butoutspoken,andwemisshim greatly. Contents Introduction ........................................ 1 Part One The World of Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages Avshalom Laniado The Early Byzantine State and the Christian Ideal of Voluntary Poverty ............................................ 15 Daniel Caner Charitable Ministrations (Diakoniai), Monasticism, and the Social Aesthetic of Sixth-Century Byzantium ............... 45 Claudia Rapp Charity and Piety as Episcopal and Imperial Virtues inLateAntiquity ..................................... 75 Susan R. Holman Healing the world with righteousness? The language ofsocial justice in early Christian homilies ........................ 89 Eliana Magnani Almsgiving, Donatio Pro Anima and Eucharistic Offering in the Early Middle Ages of Western Europe (4th–9th century) ..... 111 Part Two Medieval Islam Johannes Pahlitzsch Christian Pious Foundations as an Element of Continuity between Late Antiquity and Islam ....................... 125 X Contents Stefan Heidemann Charity and Piety for the Transformation of theCities. The New Direction in Taxation and Waqf Policy in Mid-Twelfth-Century Syria and Northern Mesopotamia ........................ 153 Yehoshua Frenkel Piety and Charity in Late Medieval Egypt and Syria ......... 175 Ana Mar(cid:56)a Carballeira Debasa Forms and Functions of Charity in Al-Andalus ............. 203 Amalia ZomeÇo “When Death Will Fall Upon Him”: CharitableLegaciesin15thCenturyGranada. ............... 217 Yaacov Lev Charity and Gift Giving in Medieval Islam ................ 235 Daniella Talmon-Heller Charity and Repentance in Medieval Islamic ThoughtandPractice ................................. 265 Part Three The Jewish World Mark R. Cohen Geniza Documents for the Comparative History of Poverty and Charity ............................................ 283 Miriam Frenkel Charity in Jewish Society of the Medieval Mediterranean World 343 Marina Rustow Benefaction (Nima), Gratitude (Shukr), andthePolitics of ˘ Giving and Receiving inLettersfromtheCairo Geniza ....... 365 Yvonne Friedman An Indigent Scholar’s Plea for Charity: AGenizaLetter ...... 391
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