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Characterization and analysis of Prehistoric earthen plasters, mortars, and paints from Mug House, Mesa Verde National Park Colorado PDF

340 Pages·1996·5.5 MB·English
by  DixLinnaea A
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Preview Characterization and analysis of Prehistoric earthen plasters, mortars, and paints from Mug House, Mesa Verde National Park Colorado

uNivERsmy UBKARIES CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF PREHISTORIC EARTHEN PLASTERS, MORTARS, AND PAINTS FROM MUG HOUSE, MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK COLORADO Linnaea A. Dix A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1996 \X<;:iSV\^ eader Fraitk^ Matero Jeanne Marie Teutonico Associate Professor of Architecture Lecturer in Historic Preservation Graduate Group Chair y ^ihJ\\^^]y^KJo^/m^/rx, \^ UNlVtHbll'Y OF PENNSYLVAN!' LIBBARliS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people contributed to this thesis. I would like to thank my professor and supervisor, Frank G. Matero, for his inspiration, guidance and patience throughout the project. Frank pointed the way for me at Mesa Vera. Jeanne Marie Teutonico, my reader, also provided invaluable guidance; her expertise and advice heljied shape this thesis. Staff members of the National Park Service, past and present, contributed to the project, include Jake Barrow ofthe Intermountain Cultural Resource Center, Kathy Fiero of Mesa Verde, and Angelyn Bass, formerly of the Intermountain Cultural Resource Center. George Austin of the New Mexico Bureau of Mines conducted the X-ray Diffraction Analysis. Xue-Qin Wang and Dr. Rollin Lakis of the Laboratory for Research on the Structure ofMatter at the University ofPennsylvania guided me through Scanning Electron Microscopy. My father. Dr. Ralph Dix, contributed his knowledge of soils and the thesis-writing process. Susan Knox Dawson taught me how to make charts on the computer. And special thanks to Gerard Dawson whose encouragement, editorial skill, and computer expertise contributed enormously to the completion of this project. ii 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. 1 2. HISTORY OF MESA VERDE 4 2. The Anasazi 5 2.2 Early Explorers 9 2.3 The Wetherill Family 10 2.4 The Pottery Rush 11 2.5 Gustav Nordenskiold 11 2.6 The Creation of Mesa Verde National Park 12 2.7 Archaeology at Mesa Verde 13 ANASAZI ARCHITECTURE 3. 15 3.1 Pit Houses 15 3.1.1 Basketmaker 15 3.1.2 Modified Basketmaker 16 3.2 Kivas 18 3.3 Pueblos 21 3.3.1 Developmental Pueblo 21 3.3.2 Classic Pueblo 22 3.4 Village Layout 23 4. EARTHEN PLASTERS IN THE PREHISTORIC SOUTHWEST 24 4.1 History of Earthen Plasters in the Southwest 24 4.2 Mural Paintings 25 4.3 Plaster 27 4.3.1 Constituents and Preparation 27 4.3.2 Application 30 4.4 Paint 30 4.4.1 Constituents 31 4.4.2 Manufacture and Application 34 4.5 Renewal of Plaster Coats 36 4.6 Deterioration of Earthen Plasters and Paints 36 4.7 Conservation Techniques for Deteriorating 38 Plasters MUG HOUSE: CHARACTERIZATION OF EARTHEN PLASTERS 5. AND MORTARS 40 5.1 General Methodology 42 5.2 Archival Research 44 5.3 On-Site Observations 48 111

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