Characteristics of California Almonds

25 Pages·2013·2.39 MB·English

Characteristics of
California
Almonds
Varieties and Forms
Major Varieties of California Almonds
2012/13 California Almond Varieties (854,600MT)
Wood Price
Colony 1%
Sonora
2%
Aldrich 2%
Others
3%
5%
Fritz
Nonpareil
6%
36%
Carmel
9%
Butte
8%
Padre
4% Monterey
Butte/Padre
13%
11%
Marketing Classification of
Major California Almond Varieties
Mission type
(short and
plump)
Premium
variety
Similar color and
Carmel type (medium and long)
shape to NP
California type (multiple varieties with diverse shapes)
Versatile Forms of California Almonds
Flavor Characteristics
Mystery of Almond Flavor
Almond essence or
Benzaldeyde
Hydrogen
sweet aromatics ???
Cyanide
M
i
c
r
o
b
i
a
l H O hydroxynitrile lyase

a 2
n
d

E
Mandelonitrile
n
z
y
m
a
tic H2O -glucosidase

A
c
t
i
v
it Amygdalin (Vit B )
i
e 17
s
California Almonds Is Not Only About
Benzaldehyde (Amygdalin)
California varieties:
63 ± 58mg/kg
(0.9—215mg/kg)
Semi-bitter varieties:
992 ± 513mg/kg
(524—1773mg/kg)
Bitter varieties:
• The same letters are not significantly
40060 ± 7855mg/kg
different at p<0.001.
(33007—53990mg/kg ) • The same variety often shows significant
difference between growing regions.
or
(3.3-5.4%)
Lee et al., 2013, J. Agr. & Food Chem.
Is One Variety Offering Stronger Flavor Than Others?
Flavor Variability of Natural California Almonds
SN (3) MT (3) MI (3) FR (3) NP (18) CR (14) BT (14)
Woody
Benzaldehyde
Sweet Aromatics
Almond Nut Meat
Total Flavor Impact
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
SN=Sonora, MT=Monterey, MI=Mission, FR=Fritz, NP=Nonpareil, CR=Carmel, BT=Butte
ABC/Sensory Spectrum 2009, unpublished data
Does One Variety Taste Better Than Others?
Basic Taste Variability of Natural California Almonds
SN (3) MT (3) MI (3) FR (3) NP (18) CR (14) BT (14)
Astringent
Bitter
Sour
Sweet
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0
SN=Sonora, MT=Monterey, MI=Mission, FR=Fritz, NP=Nonpareil, CR=Carmel, BT=Butte
ABC/Sensory Spectrum 2009, unpublished data