Changing Times: New Zealand Since 1945

578 Pages·2014·44.167 MB·English

by  Jenny Carlyon, Diana Morrow

Dr Jenny Carlyon and Dr Diana Morrow are prominent New Zealand histo-
rians. They are the authors of Urban Village: The Story of Ponsonby, Freemans
Bay and St Mary’s Bay (2008) and A Fine Prospect: A History of Remuera,
Meadowbank and St Johns (2011). Carlyon has a PhD in History from the
University of Auckland and the French qualification Licence d’histoire (equiv-
alent to a BA). Since returning to New Zealand she has worked as a teacher
and a researcher/writer for major corporates, run a small business and is now
a professional historian. Morrow was born in Canada, came to New Zealand
in 1980 and gained her PhD in History from Victoria University of Wellington
in 1997. She has worked as an archivist, an interpretive consultant/researcher/
writer for museums, a tutor and part-time lecturer and a professional historian
for the Waitangi Tribunal and the Office of Treaty Settlements. She is also the
co-editor of the books City of Enterprise: Perspectives on Auckland Business
History (2006) and Jewish Lives in New Zealand (2012).

CHANGING
TIMES
NEW ZEALAND
SINCE 1945
JENNY CARLYON
& DIANA MORROW
First published 2013
Auckland University Press
University of Auckland
Private Bag 92019
Auckland 1142
New Zealand
www.press.auckland.ac.nz
© Jenny Carlyon and Diana Morrow, 2013
ISBN 978 1 86940 782 7
Publication is kindly assisted by

National Library of New Zealand Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Carlyon, Jenny, 1951-
Changing times : New Zealand since 1945 / Jenny Carlyon and
Diana Morrow.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-86940-782-7
1. New Zealand—History—1945-1984. 2. New Zealand—History
—1984- 3. New Zealand—Social conditions—20th century.
4. New Zealand—Economic conditions—20th century.
I. Morrow, Diana. II. Title.
993.035—dc 23
This book is copyright. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part may
be reproduced by any process without prior permission of the publisher.
Cover design: Keely O’Shannessy
Front cover: New Zealanders at a political street-corner meeting in 1969. Marti Friedlander
Back cover: A Wellington street scene, 1957. EP/1957/4783-F, Evening Post Collection,
Alexander Turnbull Library, courtesy of Fairfax Media
Printed by Everbest Printing Co., China
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements vii
Introduction Unforeseen Directions: After 1945 1
One On an Even Keel? Peace, Prosperity, Consensus 6
Two Loosening the Bonds: New Friends, New Enemies 44
Three Creating New Zealand: Culture and Character 73
Four Leisure and Popular Pastimes: Unsettling Influences 111
Five In Ferment: Contested and Protested Values 150
Six Schisms: A Society Divided 183
Seven Feminism and Gay Rights: Liberation and its Legacy 211
Eight Race Relations: Renaissance and Reassessment 247
Nine Transformations: Doing the Impossible 284
Ten ‘Focused by Events’: A Second Wave of Reform 317
Eleven Shifting Tides: Maori, Pakeha and the Treaty after 1984 344
Twelve A Plaited Rope: Immigration and its Impact 381
Conclusion The ‘Earthly Paradise’ Transformed 414
Notes 421
Select Bibliography 484
Index 498

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to Auckland University Press for suggesting the idea of a New
Zealand history focusing on the post-1945 period. While this seemed a daunt-
ing prospect at the outset, Sam Elworthy, Anna Hodge, Christine O’Brien and
Katrina Duncan have, through their respective expertise, eased the task con-
siderably. We are grateful, too, to Mike Wagg for his meticulous copy-editing,
Claire Gummer for proofreading and Diane Lowther for indexing.
We are indebted to a great many historians, past and present, whose work we
have drawn on in this book. Thanks also to Geoff Ricketts, Rina van Bohemen,
Rhys Harrison and Daniel Morrow, who read chapters at various stages of
completion; Cathy Marr, Principal Research Analyst, Waitangi Tribunal, for
fielding queries; Redmer Yska for helping us with bodgies and widgies; Robin
Congreve, Peter Simpson, Linda Bryder, Peter Graham, Bryce Wilkinson and
Brian Gaynor for advice and assistance; Steve Heap for solving Jenny’s com-
puter glitches; and research librarians at the University of Auckland, Auckland
City Libraries, Alexander Turnbull Library, Archives New Zealand, Canterbury
Museum and Puke Ariki, New Plymouth, for their assistance.
We are also grateful for permission to include copyright material in the
book. Thank you to photographers Peter Bush, Marti Friedlander, Gil Hanly,
John Miller and Ans Westra and to Dinah Morrison for the use of Robin
Morrison photographs. Many thanks also to those who granted us permission
to use other visuals. Natalie Marshall and Heather Mathie at the Alexander
Turnbull Library and Keith Giles at Sir George Grey Special Collections,
Auckland City Libraries, were helpful with image assistance, as well as for-
bearing. Thanks also go to Paul Millar and John Baxter, Charles Brasch lit-
erary executor Alan Roddick, Rob Campbell, Rupert Glover and Pia Glover,
Alexandra Smithyman and Rob Tuwhare (honetuwharepoetry@gmail) for per-
mission to reproduce lines from the work of James K. Baxter, Charles Brasch,
Alistair Te Ariki Campbell, Denis Glover, Mary Stanley and Hone Tuwhare.
Finally, as always, we are especially grateful to our husbands, Rick Carlyon
and John Morrow, for their ongoing encouragement and support.
Jenny Carlyon and Diana Morrow
vii