Changing Education: Leadership, Innovation and Development in a Globalizing Asia Pacific PDF
Preview Changing Education: Leadership, Innovation and Development in a Globalizing Asia Pacific
Changing Education CERC Studies in Comparative Education 20 Changing Education Leadership, Innovation and Development in a Globalizing Asia Pacific Edited by Peter D. Hershock Mark Mason and John N. Hawkins Comparative Education Research Centre The University of Hong Kong SERIES EDITOR Mark Mason, Director, Comparative Education Research Centre The University of Hong Kong, China FOUNDING EDITOR (AND CURRENTLY ASSOCIATE EDITOR) Mark Bray, Director, International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP) UNESCO, France ASSOCIATE EDITOR Anthony Sweeting, Comparative Education Research Centre The University of Hong Kong, China INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Robert Arnove, Indiana University, USA Beatrice Avalos, Santiago, Chile Nina Borevskaya, Institute of the Far East, Moscow, Russia Michael Crossley, University of Bristol, United Kingdom Gui Qin, Capital Normal University, China Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Teachers College, Columbia University, USA Comparative Education Research Centre Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China © Comparative Education Research Centre First published 2007 ISBN 978-1-4020-6582-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6583-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechani- cal, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. COVER The Chinese character for change is highlighted against a background of fractal imagery. A fractal is an “infinitely complex” recursively constructed shape that is often associated with chaos and complexity theories. Cover by John Siu. Index by Kokila Katyal. Type-setting and layout by Emily Mang. As editors of this volume, we would like to dedicate the book to Victor Ordonez, an educational leader of global stature and rare passion, to whom we owe special thanks for inspiring – as well as contributing to – this project. East-West Center Studies East-West Center Studies books present significant new research and policy analysis on issues of contemporary concern in the Asia Pacific region. Contents List of Figures ix Abbreviations ix Foreword xi Victor ORDONEZ Introduction: Challenges in the Leadership of Innovation and Development in Education in a Globalizing Asia Pacific 1 Peter D. HERSHOCK, Mark MASON & John N. HAWKINS I: THE CONTEXT AND IMPERATIVES FOR PARADIGMATIC 27 CHANGE IN EDUCATION 1. Globalization and Education: Characteristics, Dynamics, Implications 29 Deane NEUBAUER 2. Rethinking Educational Aims in an Era of Globalization 63 Fazal RIZVI 3. Multiculturalism, Shared Values, and an Ethical Response to Globalization 93 Mark MASON 4. Education and Alleviating Poverty: Educating for Equity and Diversity 115 Peter D. HERSHOCK II: OUTCOMES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CHANGE: EDUCATION IN A RENEWING ASIA 135 5. The Intractable Dominant Educational Paradigm 137 John N. HAWKINS 6. Globalization and Paradigm Change in Higher Education: The Experience of China 163 MA Wan-hua vii viii Contents 7. Pulling Together amid Globalization: National Education in 183 Singapore Schools Jason TAN 8. Education in the Years to Come: What We Can Learn from Alternative Education 199 Joseph P. FARRELL III: LEADERSHIP IN CHANGING THE WAY EDUCATION 225 CHANGES 9. Leadership in the Context of Complex Global Interdependence: Emerging Realities for Educational Innovation 227 Peter D. HERSHOCK 10. The Changing Role of Leadership (or A Changing Leadership for a Changing World) 249 Victor ORDONEZ 11. Interconnections Within and Without: The Double Duty of Creative Educational Leadership 273 WANG Hongyu 12. Unraveling Leadership: ‘Relational Humility’ and the Search for Ignorance 297 Vrinda DALMIYA Conclusion: Changing Education 323 Peter D. HERSHOCK, Mark MASON & John N. HAWKINS Notes on the Authors 335 Index 341 List of Figures Figure 8.1 The Forms of Formal Schooling .……………...…… 201 Figure 8.2 The Emerging Alternative Model…………….…..... 206 Figure 8.3 Comparison of Alternative School Pedagogies ….. 215 Abbreviations APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee FDI foreign direct investment EU European Union GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GNP Gross National Product ICT information and communications technology IFE 2020 International Forum on Education 2020 IGO intergovernmental organization LNR local-national-regional NE National Education OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development PAP People’s Action Party PISA Programme for International Student Assessment SAF Singapore Armed Forces TIMMS Third [also Trends in] International Mathematics and Science Study TNC transnational corporation TSLN Thinking Schools, Learning Nation UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund WTO World Trade Organization ix Foreword This book responds to the growing unease of educators and non- educators alike about the inadequacy of most current educational systems and programs to sufficiently meet the demands of fast changing societies. These systems and programs evolved and were developed in and for societies that have long been transformed, and yet no parallel transformation has taken place in the education systems they spawned. In the last twenty years or so, other sectors of society – transportation, communication, banking, health services – have radically changed they way they operate, but education has continued essentially the same. There is no doubt: education must change. To those ready to accept this challenge, this book represents a welcome guide. To be sure, it is not a ‘how-to’ instruction manual, since the shape of change must be particular to the needs and situations of each setting, and societies are as varied as they are fast changing. Rather than provide specific directions, if provides a useful road map for the navigators of change, within which each can plot out their specific itineraries towards their goal. It illuminates the basic goal of education – the total and balanced development of individuals and, through them, societies – and depicts the main features, the imperatives, the demands, and the pitfalls of an ever more interdependent, globalized world in which this goal must be pursued. My work has exposed me to dozens of international conferences on various education themes, and several colleges of education worldwide. There is no lack of effort, or literature, on how to improve educational systems or various sub-sectors within them. But the focus is usually on fine tuning or making more efficient existing systems and paradigms – how to train teachers better, how to manage data and financial systems, how to improve textbook production and distribution, how to incorporate specific themes into programs of study, and so on. This book departs from that approach, and provides ideas and insights, not into how to improve existing systems, but into how to change systems altogether, not into doing things better, but into doing better things. The xi
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