CHANGES IN HARVESTING-THRESHING LABOR ARRANGEMENTS PDF
Preview CHANGES IN HARVESTING-THRESHING LABOR ARRANGEMENTS
CHANGES I N HARVESTING-THRESHING LABOR ARRANGEMENTS IN NUEVA ECIJA LEONARDA 2. EBRON SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES AT LOS BAnOS IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (Rural Sociology ) June 1984 The thesis attached hereto, entitled "CHANGES IN prepared and submitted by LEONARDA Z. EBRON in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Rural Sociology) is hereby accepted. GiU! hcfq [%p&&$& BART DUFF URA T. D PO ITARIO Member, Guidance Committee Member, Guidance Commit tee s / a r/N Date signed I GELIA T. CASTILLO Adviser and Chairman Guidance Commit tee Date signed Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Rural Sociology) A - CL' DOLORES A. RAMIRE Dean, Graduate School University of the Philippines at Lo8 Baiios P 44- /nrr ug Date signed BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author i s a native of Los Banos, Laguna where she: - was born to Rufino Ebron and Dolores Zabal; - had her elementary education a t the Los Banos Central School ; - finished secondary school at the University of the Philippines Rural High School under a scholarship grant from the Los Banos Rural Bank for four years; - took her bachelor's degree from the University of the Philippines College of Agriculture where she was a recipient of an undergraduate fellowship for three semesters and the O.T. Kang Scholarship-Study Grant; - took her masters degree in Rural Sociology under an assistantship from the International Rice Research Institute; - is working as a research assistant in the Economics Section of the Agricultural Engineering Department of the International Rice Research Institute. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Gelia T. Cas tillo, adviser and chairman of the guidance commit tee, first of a l l for helping shape the research problem. She is also appreciated for her comments and suggestions on the manuscript and for her patience and constant encouragement for the author to finish everything. I am very grateful to Mr. Bart Duff, member of the guidance commit tee and my direct work supervisor, for his kindness and understanding in giving me extended free time to devote to this thesis work. Sincere thanks to Dr. Pura T. Depositario, member of the guidance commit tee, for her comments and suggestions and whose accommodating a tt i tude was an encouragement. I thank the International Rice Research Institute for providing the assistantship for graduate work and a l l financial and logistic support for this thesis. Special thanks are due to the following: Dr. Zenaida Toquero for her comments and suggestions on the first draft of this manuscript; my sister, Vicky, who ~rovided help in editing and tabulation work; Cely, Rey, Agie and Manny . ,who provided assistance in the survey portion of this work; the two hundred farmers and harvester-threshers who provided the needed data; to Hedda who helped type the first draft of this paper and to Lidz whose dedicated work and typing expertise put this work in printed form in due time. Thanks to Fleur who had been a classmate, friend, work ,and prayer partner; and to these friends for their moral and prayer support: Lina, Belen, Zeny, Cellie, Ate Merle, Emma, Ella, Ellen and Te-Ann. My deepest gratitude to my family who had been very supportive and understanding during the entire graduate study. Finally, I acknowledge that this work would not have been .possible were it not for God, the source of a l l wisdom and understanding and everything. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Statement of the Problem Objectives of the Study - Importance of the Study Conceptual Framework I I REV1 EW OF LITERATURE I1 I METHODOLOGY The Locale The Sample and Sampling Design Data Collection Limitation of the Study I V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Description of the Study Area The Irrigated Sites The Rainfed Sites A Survey of Existing Harvesting- Threshing Arrangements Description of the Harvesting- Threshing Arrangements An Evaluation of the Present Arrangements Reasons for choice of an arrangement CHAPTER Advantages of specific arrangement Problems by specific arrangement Comparative costs by arrangement Changes desired by arrangement Dynamics of Labor Allocation and Organization Labor Allocation Distribution of workers Source of labor Reasons for hiring labor Preference for available family labor Farmer's activities during harvesting Labor Organization .Determination of normal rates Factors that can alter normal rates of payment Methods of contacting workers Methods of obtaining workers ~ n f o Atai on sources Adaptation to Problem Situations Farmer operators' problems and solutions -C HAPTER PAGE Workers' problems and solution or adaptation 119 EEEec ts of Technologica 1, Institutional and Demographic Changes on Harvesting-Threshing Arrangements Observed Developments i n Harvesting-threshing arrangements Farmers' perception Workers' perception Changes i n Income from Harvesting and Threshing Ef Eects of Some Technological, Institutional and Demographic Changes on ~ a r v etsin g-Threshing Arrangements High yielding rice Small mechanical threshers Irrigation Increasing population and landlessness Land refonn Harves ting-Threshing Arrangements in the Future Changes Expected i n the Future Changes workers expect Changes farmers expect viii -PAGE Changes Desired i n the Future 160 Changes desired by workers 160 Changes desired by farmers 160 Possible Effects of Reaper Use ' Farmers opinion Workers' opinion Socio-psychologica 1 Aspects of the Workers' Existence Jobs preferred by workers Harves ting-threshing and other farm jobs Harvest ing-threshing and non-farm jobs Workers' Assessment of Jobs and Wages Satisfaction with the level of wages Adequacy of harvesting jobs Workers' assessment of their present condi tion The present compared with five years before The present compared with five years ahead
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