Change in Scripture: Rewriting and Interpreting (Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift Fur Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft): Rewriting and Interpreting PDF
Preview Change in Scripture: Rewriting and Interpreting (Beihefte Zur Zeitschrift Fur Die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft): Rewriting and Interpreting
Changes in Scripture Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft Herausgegeben von John Barton · Reinhard G. Kratz Choon-Leong Seow · Markus Witte Band 419 De Gruyter Changes in Scripture Rewriting and Interpreting Authoritative Traditions in the Second Temple Period Edited by Hanne von Weissenberg, Juha Pakkala and Marko Marttila De Gruyter ISBN 978-3-11-024048-1 e-ISBN 978-3-11-024049-8 ISSN 0934-2575 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData ACIPcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. BibliographicinformationpublishedbytheDeutscheNationalbibliothek TheDeutscheNationalbibliothekliststhispublicationintheDeutsche Nationalbibliografie;detailedbibliographicdataareavailableintheInternet athttp://dnb.d-nb.de. ”2011WalterdeGruyterGmbH&Co.KG,Berlin/NewYork Printing:Hubert&Co.GmbH&Co.KG,Göttingen (cid:2)Printedonacid-freepaper PrintedinGermany www.degruyter.com Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................... 1 Hanne von Weissenberg & Juha Pakkala & Marko Marttila: Introducing Changes in Scripture ................................................. 3 2. Methodological Issues .................................................................... 21 John J. Collins: Changing Scripture ................................................. 23 Eugene Ulrich: The Evolutionary Production and Transmission of the Scriptural Books ................................................................... 47 Hans Debel: Rewritten Bible, Variant Literary Editions and Original Text(s): Exploring the Implications of a Pluriform Outlook on the Scriptural Tradition .............................................. 65 Molly M. Zahn: Talking About Rewritten Texts: Some Reflections on Terminology ........................................................... 93 3. Changed Texts ................................................................................ 121 Sidnie White Crawford: The Pentateuch as Found in the Pre-Samaritan Texts and 4QReworked Pentateuch. ..................... 123 Anneli Aejmelaeus: David’s Three Choices: Textual and Literary Development in 2 Samuel 24 ........................................... 137 Kristin De Troyer: The Legs and the Wings of the Grasshopper: A Case Study on Changes in the Masoretic Text and in the Old Greek Translation of the Book of Leviticus ........................... 153 Robert Kugler: Uncovering a New Dimension of Early Judean Interpretation of the Greek Torah: Ptolemaic Law Interpreted by its Own Rhetoric ........................................................................ 165 vi Contents Reinhard Müller: Doubled Prophecy: The Pilgrimage of the Nations in Mic 4:1–5 and Isa 2:1–5. ................................................ 177 Juha Pakkala: The Quotations and References of the Pentateuchal Laws in Ezra-Nehemiah .......................................... 193 Hanna Vanonen: The Textual Connections between 1QM 1 and the Book of Daniel .......................................................................... 223 Hanne von Weissenberg: Changing Scripture? Scribal Corrections in MS 4QXIIc ............................................................... 247 4. Deuteronomism in Later Literature............................................... 273 Pancratius C. Beentjes: The Book of Ben Sira and Deuteronomistic Heritage: A Critical Approach .......................... 275 Francis Borchardt: The Deuteronomic Legacy of 1 Maccabees. ..... 297 Marko Marttila: The Deuteronomistic Ideology and Phraseology in the Book of Baruch. ............................................... 321 Mika S. Pajunen: The Use of Different Aspects of the Deuteronomistic Ideology in Apocryphal Psalms ........................ 347 Anssi Voitila: Judith and Deuteronomistic Heritage ..................... 369 Stuart Weeks: A Deuteronomic Heritage in Tobit? ........................ 389 5. Indices ............................................................................................. 405 Index of Modern Authors .............................................................. 407 Index of Passages ............................................................................ 413 1. Introduction Introducing Changes in Scripture Hanne von Weissenberg & Juha Pakkala & Marko Marttila* The study of the Hebrew Scriptures and the literature of the Second Temple period is currently in a state of transformation. The discovery and full publication of the Dead Sea Scrolls has been instrumental in this process and it is only now that their full impact is starting to be felt in the field of Biblical Studies. Some may characterize the current state of research as a “post-Qumran” period of transformation. The Qumran material is fundamentally modifying our understanding of many cen- tral questions, such as the textual development of the Hebrew Scrip- tures, the formation of the canon, and biblical interpretation in the Second Temple period. The texts from Qumran also provide valuable information about scribal techniques in this period. With the Qumran evidence, it has now become clear that the texts of the Hebrew Scrip- tures continued to be edited and changed until much later than what has traditionally been assumed. Moreover, the evidence seems to sug- gest that the editing processes were more radical than assumed. Changes to the older texts were not restricted to expansions. Rewriting and rearranging were not uncommon. In addition to the impact of the Qumran texts, the integration of Septuagint scholarship and its contributions into the center of Biblical Studies has been a welcome development. Although the importance of the Greek versions has been known since the early days of Septuagint scholarship, one may observe a growing awareness of the possibility that the Greek witnesses may preserve an older stage of the textual development than the Masoretic text even in wider biblical scholarship. This volume represents an attempt to build upon this relationship by enhancing the correspondences between the field of Septuagint studies and other fields of biblical research. It is notable that approaches from different perspectives and different fields of Biblical Studies, including Qumran and Septuagint studies, are now coming to similar conclusions regarding the pluriformity of the texts and changes still being made to * For technical finishing of this volume we are especially grateful to Katri Saarelainen. 4 Hanne von Weissenberg & Juha Pakkala & Marko Marttila them at the turn of the eras (cf. Aejmelaeus, Collins, and Ulrich in this volume). Attention is also drawn to the existence of parallel texts in the He- brew Bible and the developments between texts that are literarily de- pendent on one another. Although parallel texts and the use of older texts to shape new texts have been the focus of attention in some seg- ments of Biblical Studies, their full implications for the field and for the methodology of studying the Hebrew Bible have remained limited. In other words, this volume seeks to draw attention to the “empirical” evidence1 not only from Qumran and the Septuagint, but also from passages in the Hebrew Scriptures and other literature that have been shaped by the use of other texts, and thus show how a source text was changed in its new context. The latter category consists of parallel pas- sages where the older text was used as explicit quotations (for example the quotations of the Torah in Ezra-Nehemiah) or as a source text on a more general level (for example, Mic 4:1–5 and Isa 2:1–5, or Dan 11–12 and 1QM). The later Second Temple literature, for example the so-called deute- rocanonical literature (or the called Old Testament Apocrypha), also contains many examples of how older texts were used as sources for the new composition. Especially the use of the Deuteronomistic litera- ture in younger texts is a well-known but still not fully explored phe- nomenon. Because the Deuteronomistic literature contains very charac- teristic phraseology and theological themes, it is well suited for the study of its later use. Moreover, it is probable that at least Deuterono- my but perhaps also other parts of the Deuteronomistic literature were considered normative in the late Second Temple period. Our understanding of changes and editorial processes of the He- brew Scriptures have been limited by our implicit conceptions as well as the inherited terminology that continues to be used to describe the phenomena detectable in the late Second Temple compositions and manuscripts. Although most scholars currently see the formation of the biblical canon as a long and complicated process rather than a series of clearly definable or distinguishable steps, much of the scholarly discus- sion has been and continues to be colored by the existence of the Jewish and Christian canons of the Hebrew Bible. Despite the fact that these sacred collections were formed at a much later date, their canonical form and shape have made it difficult to look beyond their borders. 1 The idea that two or more parallel passages available for comparison may be called empirical derives from Jeffrey Tigay, Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism (Philadel- phia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985).
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