Challenges to Marine Ecosystems Developments in Hydrobiology 202 Series editor K. Martens Challenges to Marine Ecosystems Proceedings of the 41st European Marine Biology Symposium Edited by John Davenport, Gavin M. Burnell, Tom Cross, Mark Emmerson, Rob McAllen, Ruth Ramsay & Emer Rogan UniversityCollegeCork,Ireland Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, Volume 606 (2008) 123 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AC.I.P.CataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. ISBN-13:978-1-4020-8807-0 PublishedbySpringer, P.O.Box17,3300AADordrecht,TheNetherlands CitethispublicationasHydrobiologiavol.606(2008). Coverillustration:LoughHyneMarineReserve,SouthwestIreland.Photocredit:DrR.McAllen. Printedonacid-freepaper AllRightsreserved (cid:2)2008Springer Nopartofthismaterialprotectedbythiscopyrightnoticemaybereproducedorutilizedinanyform orbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingorbyanyinformation storageandretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthecopyrightowner. PrintedintheNetherlands TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword J. Davenport, G. Burnell, T. Cross, M. Emmerson, R. McAllen, R. Ramsay, E. Rogan 1–5 GENETICS AND RESILIENCE Mixed stock analysis and the power of different classes of molecular markers in discriminating coastal and oceanic Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) on the Lofoten spawning grounds, Northern Norway V. Wennevik, K.E. Jørstad, G. Dahle, S.-E. Fevolden 7–25 Contrastinglevelsofgeneticdifferentiationamongputativeneutralmicrosatelliteloci in Atlantic herring Clupea harengus populations and the implications for assessing stock structure P.C.Watts,D.O(cid:2)Leary,M.C.Cross,J.Coughlan,E.Dillane,S.M.Kay,S.Wylde,R.Stet, R.D.M. Nash, E.M.C. Hatfield, T.F. Cross 27–33 MARINE PROTECTED AREAS/RESERVES Keynote Address: Marine reserves: the need for systems W.J. Ballantine, T.J. Langlois 35–44 The challengeofassessingwhethertheOSPARnetworkofmarineprotectedareasis ecologically coherent J.A. Ardron 45–53 Individual-based movement behaviour in a simple marine reserve—fishery system: why predictive models should be handled with care E.A. Codling 55–61 Effects of marine reserve protection on spiny lobster (Palinurus elephas Fabr., 1787) in a central western Mediterranean area M.C. Follesa, D. Cuccu, R. Cannas, S. Cabiddu, M. Murenu, A. Sabatini, A. Cau 63–68 Incorporating ecologicalfunctioning intothedesignation andmanagement ofmarine protected areas C.L.J. Frid, O.A.L. Paramor, S. Brockington, J. Bremner 69–79 Go with the flow: tidal import and export of larvae from semi-enclosed bays M.J. Jessopp, R.J. McAllen 81–92 SeabedmappinginthesouthernIrishSea:predictingbenthicbiologicalcommunities based on sediment characteristics F. McBreen, J.G. Wilson, A.S.Y. Mackie, C.N. Aonghusa 93–103 vi CLIMATE CHANGE AND MARINE ECOSYSTEMS Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea—which, when, where, why? B.S. Galil 105–116 Theeffectofhighfloweventsonmussels(Mytilusedulisss)intheConwyestuary,North Wales, UK L.R. Oliver, R. Seed, B. Reynolds 117–127 Mobility of metals in salt marsh sediments colonised by Spartina maritima (Tagus estuary, Portugal) R. Reboreda, I. Caccc¸ador, S. Pedro, P.R. Almeida 129–137 Ecological hindcasting of biogeographic responses to climate change in the European intertidal zone D.S. Wethey, S.A. Woodin 139–151 Long-term changes in the status of Sevastopol Bay and the Crimean coast: anthropogenic and climatic influences J.G. Wilson, T.S. Osadchaya, S.V. Alyomov 153–160 SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES/AQUACULTURE Keynote Address: The sea ahead: challenges to marine biology from seafood sustainability T.J. Pitcher 161–185 Effects of fishing methods on deep water shark species caught as by-catch off southern Portugal R. Coelho, K. Erzini 187–193 Catch me in winter! Seasonal variation in air temperature severely enhances physiological stress and mortality of species subjected to sorting operations and discarded during annual fishing activities F. Giomi, S. Raicevich, O. Giovanardi, F. Pranovi, P. Di Muro, M. Beltramini 195–202 Grazingandassimilationrateestimatesofhydromedusaefromatemperatetidalcreek system D. Marshalonis, J.L. Pinckney 203–211 Hydrobiologia(2008)606:1–5 DOI10.1007/s10750-008-9352-x CHALLENGES TO MARINE ECOSYSTEMS Foreword (cid:2)SpringerScience+BusinessMediaB.V.2008 This volume presents a representative sample of impact of over-fishing, plus reservations about the contributions to the 41st European Marine Biology environmentaleffectsofmarineaquaculture.Weneed Symposium held on 4–8 September 2005 in Cork, tounderstandhowresilientorganismsandecosystems Ireland. The theme of the symposium was ‘Chal- aretothesechallenges,whilerespondingbyprotecting lenges to Marine Ecosystems’, and this was divided biologicallymeaningfulareasoftheoceans.Thesub- into four sub-themes: Genetics, Marine Protected themesofthe41stEuropeanMarineBiologySympo- Areas, Global Climate Change and Marine Ecosys- siumaddressallthesematters. tems, Sustainable Fisheries and Agriculture. The The symposium was hosted by the Department of symposium attracted 308 participants from 33 coun- Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University tries and, over the 5 days, 92 oral presentations were College Cork, and we would like to thank all given as well as 175 posters presented. members of the Department who assisted in the The world’s marine ecosystems face multiple runningoftheevent.Wewouldalsoliketothankall challenges, some natural, but many resulting from our sponsors for their vital financial support. humankind’sactivities.Globalclimatechange,driven Thanks are also due to all the referees for their byinfluencesofenergyusageandindustrialpractices, efforts in evaluating and improving the manuscripts is a reality now accepted by most of the world’s that were submitted for publication in this volume. scientists,mediaandpoliticalestablishments.Warm- ing seas and rising sea levels are regarded as threats, Local organising committee whilevisionariesconsiderdeepoceancarbondisposal asatechnologicalopportunity.Exploitationoftheseas continues apace, with repeated concerns over the AnneMariePower MarkEmmerson DaveMcGrath PadriagWhelan DaveMorritt RobMcAllen EmerRogan RuthRamsey GavinBurnell SandyO’Driscoll JimWilson SarahCulloty JohnDavenport TasmanCrowe Guesteditors:J.Davenport,G.Burnell,T.Cross, JohnJoyce TomCross M.Emmerson,R.McAllen,R.Ramsay&E.Rogan JuliaDavenport TomKelly ChallengestoMarineEcosystems 123 2 Hydrobiologia(2008)606:1–5 List of participants Australia France Julia Davenport Maria Schreider Claire Gollety Carys Ann Davies Thomas Wernberg Christian Hily Mark Emmerson Jacqui Pocklington Jean-Baptiste Ledoux Louise Firth Je´re´my Lobry Elizabeth Gosling Austria Nu´ria Teixido´ Mark Holmes Joerg Ott Marie Voisin Sandra Irwin Bettina Riedel Mark Jessopp Marlene Thaler Germany John Joyce Jeff Ardron Belgium Eamonn Kelly Friedrich Buchholz Gregory Maes Tom Kelly Jennifer Dannheim Thomas Remerie Sandrine Laurand Ute Jacob David Lyons Canada Mark Lenz Alexia Massa-Gallucci Tony J Pitcher Rafael Panusch Rob McAllen Chile Greece Fionnuala McBreen Gunter Forsterra Stelios Katsanevakis Philip McGinnity Vreni Haussermann Persefoni Megalofonou Dave McGrath Chryssi Mytilineou Luca Mirimin China Artemis Nicolaidou Liam Morrison Jiang Hong Maria Salomidi Olwyen Mulholland Croatia Miltiadis Seferlis Vanessa Murphy Zrinka Buric Maria Thessalou-Legaki Roisin Nash Marija Despalatovic Vassiliki Vassilopoulou Sophie Nicol Daniel Lyons Brendan O’Connor Iceland Sanja Matic-Skoko Nessa O’Connor Sigridur Kristinsdottir Slavica Matijevic Brian O’Loan Jakica Njire Iran Aengus Parsons Lorena Peric Fatemeh Abbassi Katja Peijnenburg Tomislav Radic Majid Sampour Anne Marie Power Gorenka Sinovcic Ruth Ramsay Ireland Sanda Skejic´ Emer Rogan Alice Antoniacomi Ana Travizi Maria Sala Javier Atalah Damir Vilicic Samuel Shephard Alan Berry Denmark Deirdre Brophy Elizabeth Sides Finn Andersen Gavin Burnell Susan Steele Thomas Kirk Sørensen Edward A. Codling Rob Thomas Anna Was Solene Connan Falklands Padriag Whelan Paul Connolly Daniel A Smale James D Wilson Ilaria Coscia Finland James Coughlan Israel Erk Bonsdorff Tom Cross Bella Galil Jenni Jaa¨nheimo Tasman Crowe Alf Norkko Sarah Culloty Italy Joanna Norkko Amy Dale Alberto Addis Ari Ruuskanen John Davenport Rita Cannas 123 Hydrobiologia(2008)606:1–5 3 Leonardo Cannizzoaro Anto´nio Pagarete Ivan Viegas Giulia Ceccherelli Karin Troost Raquel Xavier Aldo Corriero New Zealand Russia Roberta Cupido Bill Ballantine Dmitri Aristov Giovanni D’Anna Judi Hewitt Eugene Genelt-Yanovsky Doris De Vito Drew Lohrer Ksenia Shunkina Rossana Di Donato Islay Diane Marsden Elena Ponomareva Floriana Di Stefano Simon Thrush Adele Fabbrocini Slovenia Maria Cristina Follesa Norway Janja France Maria Francesca Fornasier Asbjøm Aanonsen South Africa Gianuluca Franceschini Torjan Bodvin Christopher McQuaid Christina Gambi Geir Dahle Vincent Nakin Simona Genovese Tim Dempster Spain Adriana Giangrande Knut E Jørstad Elena Acero-Sa´nchez Folco Giomi Daniela Pampanin Adolfo Carballo Penela Basilone Gualtiero Poland Silvia de Juan Mohan Monica Landi Lidia Dzierzbicka-Glowacka David D´ıaz Giuseppe Magnifico Monika Kedra Marta D´ıaz-Valde´s Sara Marzialetti Rafal Lasota Raquel Maestre Conejero Carlotta Mazzoldi Maciej Wolowicz Concepcio´n Marcos Diego Martina Milanese A´ngel Pe´rez-Ruzafa Carlo Pipitone Portugal Clara Pintado Gorordo Giulio Relini Adelaide Almeida Adoracio´n Sa´nchez-Mata Lidia Orsi Relini Nuno Vaz A´lvaro Arabella G. Sa´nchez-Mata Giovanni Sansone Andreia Braga-Henriques Vanessa Stelzenmuller Giovanni Santangelo Isabel Caccc¸ador Damian Fernandez Jover Antonio Sara´ Joana Campos Gianluca Sara´ Susana Carvalho Sweden Renata Zaccone Rui Coelho Mikael Dahl Marina Cunha Johanna Gardestrom Latvia Joana Fernandez-Carvalho Tuuli Makinen Atis Minde Wallenstein Francisco Karl Norling Didzis Ustups Vaˆnia Freitas Pia Pettersson Mexico Catarina Grilo Anssi Vainikka Diego Lercari Ruth Higgins Olivia Langhamer Armando Ortega-Salas David Jacinto Taiwan Manuel Zetina-Rejo´n Sara Leston Benny Chan Ana Maria Amaya Fernando P Lima Maria Teresa Barreiro Frederico Lyra United Kingdom Gisele Signoret Filipe Martinho Jonathan Adey Martha Signoret Irene Martins Louise Allcock Pedro Ardisson Virg´ınia Alves Martins Roger Bamber Telmo Morato Andy Beaumont Morocco Carlos Moura Andrew Blight Abdellatif Bayed Henrique Queiroga Helen Bloomfield Netherlands Pedro Ribeiro Paul Brazier Carlo Heip Paulo Santos Robert Brownlow Herman Hummel Tiago Verdelhos Gavin Burns 123 4 Hydrobiologia(2008)606:1–5 James Bussell Will Le Quesne Ray Seed Gary Carvalho Catherine Longo Jasmine Sharp Elizabeth Cook Joana Matzen da Silva Paul Shaw Filipe Costa Niall McDonough Heidi Tillin Chris Davis Caitriona McInerney Niklas Tysklind Mark Dimech Niall McKeown Cath Waller Eve Donald Nuala McQuaid Phillip Watts Keiron Fraser J Carlos Mendes Victoria Wearmouth Morten Frederiksen Dave Morritt Lucy Woodall Chris Frid Brian Morton Ukraine Marika Galanidi Bhavani Narayanaswamy Georgiy Shulman Jo Gascoigne Julia Nunn John Gordon Lucie Oliver USA Jason Hall-Spencer Siegbert ‘Ziggy’ Otto Jeremy Claisse Elise Heinz Odette Paramor Ann E. Commito Jan Geert Hiddink Cristina Pita Inken Kruse Keith Hiscock Joanne Porter Wan-Jean Lee Miles Hoskin Paulo A Prodohl Dino Marshalonis Roger Hughes Jim Provan Cynthia D Trowbridge Mark Johnson John Ryland David Wethey Marc Taimour Jolly Camille Saurel Robert D Whitlatch Malcolm Jones Martin Sayer Sarah Woodin Michel Kaiser Thomas Schlitt Roman Zajac Alberto Kavadellas Marija Sciberras John A Commito Sponsors Environmental Protection Agency IMarEST (Institute of Marine Engineering Science The Organising Committee would like to thank the and Technology) following organisations for the financial support Blackwell Publishing given to the 41st European Marine Biology Fa´ilte Ireland Symposium: The Marine Biological Association of the United Marine Institute Kingdom National Parks and Wildlife Service MarBEF (Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Func- BIM (Bord Iascaigh Mhara/Irish Fisheries Board) tioning EU Network of Excellence The Heritage Council MARS The European Marine Research Stations NDP (National Development Plan) Network 123