Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy PDF
Preview Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy
Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientifi c meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediter- ranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are gene rally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects to- gether the results of these meetings. The meetings are coorganized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The ob- servations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, refl ect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as refl ecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re- organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings sup- ported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. Information and Communication Security IOS Press E. Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series C: Environmental Security Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy edited by Malgorzata K. Sneve Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås, Norway and Mikhail F. Kiselev Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy, organised jointly by NRPA and FMBA “Ershovo” (Zvenigorod) Moscow, Russia 25-27 September 2007 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008928524 ISBN 978-1-4020-8633-5 (PB) ISBN 978-1-4020-8632-8 (HB) ISBN 978-1-4020-8634-2 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material s upplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. PREFACE Advanced Research Workshop on “Challenges in Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy” organised jointly by Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority (NRPA) and the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia (FMBA) was held at “Ershovo” (Zvenigorod) in Moscow, Russia, 25–27 September 2007 with participants from international organisations like NATO, IAEA, ICRP and several countries Norway, Russia, United States, France, United Kingdom, Sweden and Kyrgyzstan. The workshop was sponsored by the NATO Programme Security Through Science and Norwegian Radiation protection Authority. The sponsorship and the financial support of NATO is gratefully acknowledged. The workshop was organized in Russia by the Federal Medical- Biological Agency of Russia and Institute of Biophysics (IBPh). The efforts of many individuals from FMBA, IBPh and other participants in producing both a technically challenging workshop are also grate- fully acknowledged. v CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi INTRODUCTION Introduction, Summary and Conclusions of the NATO Workshop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 International Cooperation of FMBA RF Aimed at Radiation Safety Assurance in Northwest Russia When Solving Nuclear Legacy Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 M.F. Kiselev Welcome of Federal Atomic Energy Agency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 A.P. Panfilov NATO Support to Non-military, Civil Science for Peace and Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 B. Salbu Introduction – Norwegian Perspective on Nuclear Legacy. . . . . . . . . 27 P. Strand SESSION I NUCLEAR LEGACY CHALLENGES Chairmen: O. Kochetkov and M. Sneve Issues in Decommissioning and Remediation of Nuclear Legacy Sites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 C. Deregel, J.M. Peres, B. Cessac and P. Francois Unified State System of Management Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radioactive Waste: Conceptual Approaches and Generation Principles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 I.V. Gusakov-Stanyukovich Nuclear Legacy Problems and Their Solutions Within the Federal Target Program «Nuclear and Radiation Safety Assurance for 2008 and for the Period Till 2015». . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 I.I. Linge vii viii Contents Strategy for Russian-Norwegian Regulatory Cooperation . . . . . . . . . 71 M.K. Sneve SESSION II REGULATORY IMPLEMENTATION OF TREATIES, STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Chairmen: R. Charafoutdinov and D. Louvat Scientific Support for Cooperation Between Regulators and Operator (2006 and First Half of 2007) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 B.G. Gordon Strategy for the Environmental Regulation of Remediation and Decommissioning at Sellafield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 A. Mayall State Supervision of Nuclear and Radiation Safety During Dismantlement of Decommissed Nuclear Powered Ships and Remediation of Former Shore Technical Bases of the Northern Fleet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 S. Testov Philosophy of the Occupational and Public Radiological Protection in the Regulation of the Nuclear Legacy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Dr. J. Valentin SESSION III CHALLENGES IN PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF REMEDIATION STRATEGY IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD Chairmen: Nikolaev and D.R. Thomas Regulation at Hanford – A Case Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 A.R. Hawkins Features of Solving the Problems of Remediation of “Sevrao” Facilities: Strategic Planning of Ecological Remediation of the Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel and Radiation Waste Temporary Storage in Gremikha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 B.K. Bylkin, Yu.E. Gorlinsky, V.A. Kutkov, O.A. Nikolsky, V.I. Pavlenko, Yu.V. Sivintsev, B.S. Stepennov and N.K. Shandala Transport-Technological Scheme of High-Level SRW Management from the Reactor Facilities in the Northwest Russia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 V.A. Mazokin Contents ix The Techa Reservoir Cascade: Safety and Regulation Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Yu.G. Mokrov, Yu.V. Glagolenko, E.G. Drozhko and S.I. Rovny Restoration Principles and Criteria: Superfund Program Policy for Cleanup at Radiation Contaminated Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 S. Walker SESSION IV SAFETY REGULATION EXPERIENCE IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD Chairmen: S. Testov and J. Valentin Challenges in Radiation Safety Regulation with Respect to Supervision of FSUE “SevRAO” Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 V.R. Alekseeva Regulative Provision of Waste Management Regulatory Supervision at SevRAO Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 O.A. Kochetkov, S.G. Monastyrskaya, B.E. Serebryakov, N.P. Sajapin, V.G. Barchukov and M.K. Sneve Regulatory Case Studies and Western Experience Concerning Nuclear Legacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 C. Deregel and F. Gauthier About Activity of the Federal Medical Biological Agency in the Field of the State Safety Regulation at Atomic Energy Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 V.V. Romanov Radiation Protection of the Public and Environment Near Location of SevRAO Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 N.K. Shandala, A.V. Titov, N.Ya Novikova, V.A. Seregin, M.K. Sneve and G.M. Smith Special Features of the Personnel Radiation Protection Assurance During SNF and RW Management at SevRAO Facilities. . . . . . . . . . 223 A.V. Simakov, O.A. Kochetkov, Yu.V. Abramov, M.K. Sneve and A.V. Grigoriev Regulatory Control of Radioactive Waste in Sweden. . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 H. Zika CONTRIBUTORS Alekseeva, Valentina R., Regional Department No. 120, Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA), 5, Biryukova street, 183060 Snezhnogorsk, Murmansk region, Russia Barchukov, Valeriy G., State Research Centre-Institute of Biophysics, Zhivopisnaya ul. 46, 123182 Moscow, Russia Deregel, Christian, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), BP 17 92262 FONTENAY AUX ROSES Cedex, France Gordon, Boris G., Director of the Scientific and Engineering Center of Nuclear and Radiation Safety, (SEC NRS), 2/8 – 5, ul. Malaya Krasnoselskaya, 107140 Moscow, Russia Gusakov-Stanyukovich, Igor V., Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom), Bolshaya Ordynka street 24/26, 119017 Moscow, Russia Hawkins, Albert R., U.S. Department of Energy, Hanford National Laboratory, P.O. Box 99, Richland, WA 99352, USA Kiselev, Mikhail F., Federal Medical Biological Agency, 30, Volokolamskoye s., 123182 Moscow, Russia Kutkov, V., Russian Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 1, Kurchatov square, 123182 Moscow, Russian Federation, Russia xi xii Contributors Linge, Igor I., Nuclear Safety Institute, IBRAE RAN, 52, Bolshaya Tulskaya street, 113191 Moscow, Russia Mayall, Andrew, Environment Agency of England and Wales, Team Leader (Sellafield), Nuclear Regulation Group (North), Ghyll Mount, Gillan Way, Penrith 40 Business Park, Penrith, Cumbria, CA11 98P, UK Mazokin, Vasilij A., FSUE, NIKIET, p/b 788, 101000 Moscow, Russia Mokrov, Yuri G., Mayak Production Association, 31, Lenina prospect, 456780 Ozersk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia Panfilov, Alexander P., Federal Atomic Energy Agency (Rosatom), Bolshaya Ordynka street 24/26, 119017 Moscow, Russia Romanov, Vladimir V., Deputy Head of the Federal Medical Biological Agency (FMBA), 30, Volokolamskoye s., 123182 Moscow, Russia Salbu, Brit, NATO and The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Agriculture University of Norway, Isotope Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway Shandala, Nataliya K., State Research Centre – Institute of Biophisics, 46, Zhivopisnaya ul., 123182 Moscow, Russia Simakov, Anatoliy V., State Research Centre – Institute of Biophisics, 46, Zhivopisnaya ul., 123182 Moscow, Russia Sneve, Malgorzata, Senior Adviser, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Department for Emergency Preparedness and Environmental Radioactivity (NRPA), P.O. Box 55, Grini Næringspark 13, 1332 Østerås, Norway
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