Challenges for International Organizations in the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Klaus Hüfner PDF
Preview Challenges for International Organizations in the 21st Century: Essays in Honour of Klaus Hüfner
Challenges for International Organizations in the 21st Century Challenges for International Organizations in the 21st Century Essays in Honour of Klaus Hüfner Edited by Martina Metzger Lecturer Institute for Economic Policy Free University Berlin Berlin Germany and Birgit Reichenstein Lecturer Institute for Economic Policy Free University Berlin Berlin Germany Palgrave macmillan * Selection and editorial matter © Martina Metzger and Birgit Reichenstein 2000 Chapter 3 © Birgit Reichenstein 2000 Chapter 5 © Martina Metzger 2000 Chapters 1, 2, 4, 6-9 © Macmillan PressL td 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-312-22919-1 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin's Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. Outside North America ISBN 978-0-333-77038-2 In North America ISBN 978-1-349-62717-2 ISBN 978-1-349-62715-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-62715-8 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 99-41119 Contents Preface vii Notes on the Contributors XV Curriculum Vitae ofK laus Hafner xix Involvement and Detachment- Looking Back (and Forward) on Klaus Hiifner's Peculiar Mix of Experiences, Dispositions and Activities Jens Naumann 1 I. Changing Economic Environment - Persistent Questions on Development Some Reflections on Trade Expansion as a Measure of Globalization H. W. Singer 31 With a Little Help from NTBs: Why Reducing Tariffs Does not Lead to Free Trade Birgit Reichenstein 47 Regional Integration Among Less Developed Economies: Discordant Variations on an Evergreen Waltraud Schelkle 65 25 Years After the Collapse of the Bretton Woods System: Still not Having Found What We Were Looking for Martina Metzger 89 Asia and the International Monetary Fund: Reflections on the Present World Currency Crisis Hajo Riese 109 Current Economic and Financial Policies and their Social Consequences Louis Emmerij 129 v vi Contents The Coffers are not Empty: Financing for Sustainable Development and the Role of the United Nations Jens Martens and James A. Paul 145 n. National Culture-International Links New Concepts of the UN in Maintaining Peace: A Discourse Analysis About a Producer of Texts Ulrich Albrecht 177 Science and Global Governance: The Sto:ry of United Nations University Mihaly Simai 191 Global Culture versus Golden Cages: New Options for Cultuial Policies Traugott Scho.fthaler 227 Publications by Klaus Hfljner 243 Index 263 Preface In the past two decades the world has been shaken by two far reaching developments whose economic and political impli cations are far from being clear-cut. Without a doubt, the col lapse of the Soviet Union and the subsequent abolition of the East-West conflict is the most radical change in political terms. The end of the Cold War era with the omnipresent threat of armed confrontation between the two blocs resulted in a vacuum of power which has itself now become an obstacle to world peace. The sources of this new threat emer ge from regional conflicts scattered all over the world and involving many kinds of political systems, cultures, and peoples. Faced with this new diversity of actors and political goals, the old conflict resolution mechanisms, designed for confrontations of a Cold War type, are no longer effective. To elaborate new ways of conflict resolution, and most of all, of conflict prevention is the task at hand for the coming decade and probably for the next century. On the economic side we are part of a development some times referred to by the buzz-word 'globalization'. National economies are becoming steadily more integrated as cross border flows of trade, investment, and financial capital increa se. With the chance of improved allocation of production factors, the potential to boost productivity and living stan dards everywhere is rising to levels proponents of this concept never dared to dream of However, problems that arise in one country are no longer confined to that country or region but may have worldwide implications, as the impact of the East Asian financial crises show. Higher levels of integration also result in higher wlnerability for the economies involved. Untouched by and aloof from these developments stand those international economic institutions set up to support recon- vii viii Preface struction in devastated countries after the Second World War. Nowadays, however, these institutions are cracking and crumbling under the constant drop in financial contributions by their member states (with the notable exception of the Bretton Woods twins) and increasing pressure for long over due reforms. Some are even threatened with extinction. But the legitimation crisis of international organizations has its origin not only in their sluggishness in adjusting to a changed international agenda, but has also been fuelled by the esta blishment of shadow institutions and informal negotiation rounds like the G3, G5, G7, G8 or the MAl negotiations in Paris. Indeed, the whole process may best be described as a 'crisis of multlilateralism'. International Organizations have always been of life-long interest to Klaus Hufner as is shown by the long list of his publications, the wide number of organizations and societies of which he is a member and not least of all, the large number of honors and awards he has accumulated. Klaus Hufner has dedicated his academic work, and even a great deal of his pri vate life, to the United Nations System. He undertook the long and sometimes daunting way through institutions not because he believed in the intrinsic value of these organizations in themselves, but because he has always been convinced that they are able - and indeed should - play an active and decisi ve role in furthering the understanding and improvement of international relations. As an economist with an interest in politics his main focus lies in the analysis of United Nations System financing and organizational structures. With regard to the former, Klaus Hufner has always been a vehement advocate of greater trans parency in the financial process, including transparency about the origins and amount of financial contributions as well as their allocation and distribution. His interest in organizational structures, however, was motivated by anxieties about whe- Preface ix ther the organizational structures of the United Nations were adequate to cope with unresolved old problems whilst new types of problem continually added to the burden. Indeed, Klaus Hufner was already talking about reform and restructu ring needs in a rapidly changing international order when the term 'institution-building' had not yet entered international agendas. His interest in the United Nations System has not been limited only to the 'winners'; it also embraces the so called 'underdogs'. In his thinking, the North-South conflict and the poverty gap between industrialized and developing countries stands as one of the major challenges of the modem world. So it is not surprising that aspects of developing coun tries form a large part of his work, especially in the field of economics of education, and that his scholars were encoura ged to extend their academic research to all facets of deve lopment theory and policy. Klaus Hufner did not lecture and research in an ivory tower; he was always keen to go outside the university and never shied away from hard talking with politicians as part of his job as advisor to governments and non-governmental organizations. And he was always deligh ted to travel which he did extensively as his scholars noted with a touch of envy. With this Festschrift on the occasion of his 60th birthday, we wish to reflect on numerous aspects of his academic life and to honor both his professional and per sonal commitment. The authors of the present collection of articles are all in volved in some kind of international research or politics, and draw on their experiences with the rapid changing economic, political, and cultural environment in their specific field of work The book is devided into two parts: one deals with eco nomic issues, while the other stresses on political and cultural questions. But at first a detailed overview of Klaus Hufner's academic work and personal biography is given by Jens Naumann who
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