Cerebral Small Vessel Disease PDF
Preview Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Edited by Leonardo Pantoni, MD, PhD StaffNeurologist StrokeUnitandNeurologyAziendaOspedalieroUniversitariaCareggi,Florence,Italy Philip B. Gorelick, MD, MPH ProfessorofTranslationalScienceandMolecularMedicine MichiganStateUniversityCollegeofHumanMedicine; MedicalDirector,HauensteinNeuroscienceCenter MercyHealthatSaintMary’s,GrandRapids,MI,USA UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthe pursuitofeducation,learningandresearchatthehighestinternational levelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107031661 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2014 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandto theprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2014 PrintedinSpainbyGrafosSA,Artesobrepapel AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritish Library LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData Cerebralsmallvesseldisease/editedbyLeonardoPantoni, PhilipB.Gorelick. p.;cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-03166-1(Hardback) I. Pantoni,L.,editorofcompilation. II. Gorelick,PhilipB.,editorof compilation. [DNLM: 1. CerebralSmallVesselDiseases.WL355] QM455 612.802–dc23 2014002055 ISBN978-1-107-03166-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistence oraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsites referredtointhispublication,anddoesnotguaranteethatany contentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. ............................................................................................ Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbooktoprovideaccurate andup-to-dateinformationwhichisinaccordwithacceptedstandards andpracticeatthetimeofpublication.Althoughcasehistoriesare drawnfromactualcases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisethe identitiesoftheindividualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformationcontained hereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecauseclinicalstandardsare constantlychangingthroughresearchandregulation.Theauthors, editorsandpublishersthereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirector consequentialdamagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedin thisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycarefulattentionto informationprovidedbythemanufacturerofanydrugsorequipment thattheyplantouse. To Franca, Veronica, Valeria, and Viola. LeonardoPantoni, MD, PhD In honor of M. Rosita Schiller, RSM,PhD, and allwhowork quietlyand substantially behind thescenesto improve health and mankind. Philip B. Gorelick,MD,MPH v Contents List of contributors ix Preface xiii Section 1 – Classification, pathology, 10. The neurovascular unit andpossible influences on cerebralsmall vessel and basic aspects disease 99 1. Definition andclassification of small vessel Gregory J. del Zoppo, Yoshikane Izawa, and diseases 1 Brian T. Hawkins LeonardoPantoni – 2. Pathology ofcerebral small vessel disease 4 Section 2 Neuroimaging and Jun Ogata, Hiromichi Yamanishi, and Hatsue laboratory aspects Ishibashi-Ueda 11. Conventional brain imagingof white matter 3. Pathologic aspectsof the ischemic lesions 117 consequencesofsmallvesseldiseaseonbrain FranzFazekas,ChristianEnzinger,StefanRopele, parenchyma 16 and ReinholdSchmidt Margaret Esiri and Elisabet Englund 12. Conventionalimagingoflacunarinfarcts 129 4. Pathologic aspectsof the hemorrhagic Eric Jouvent and Hugues Chabriat consequencesof small vessel disease onthe brain 29 13. Imaging of hemorrhagic cerebralsmall Johannes Attems and KurtA. Jellinger vesseldiseases 139 Jennifer Linn, Steven Greenberg, andAnand 5. Experimentalanimalmodelsofcerebralsmall Viswanathan vesseldisease 42 Atticus H. Hainsworth andHugh S.Markus 14. Nonconventional MRtechniquesfor imaging cerebral small vessel disease 168 6. Sporadicsmall vesseldisease: pathogenic David Nyenhuis andGlenn T.Stebbins aspects 52 Joanna M. Wardlaw and Leonardo Pantoni 15. Cerebral hemodynamicsincerebralsmall vesseldisease 180 7. Pathogenic aspectsofhereditary small vessel Hugh S. Markus,Charlotte L.Allan, and Klaus diseaseof the brain 64 P. Ebmeier Anne Joutel 16. Markersofendothelial dysfunction, oxidative 8. Hereditary cerebral small vessel disease and stress, and inflammation in cerebral small the role of genetic factors 82 vesseldisease 192 Christian Opherk and Martin Dichgans Francesca Pesciniand Rosanna Abbate 9. The link between large artery aging and 17. Cerebral small vessel disease: cerebrospinal cerebral small vessel disease 92 fluid aspects 200 Angelo Scuteriand Edward G. Lakatta AndersWallin and Maria Bjerke vii Contents Section 3 – Clinical aspects of cerebral 24. Interactionbetween cerebral small vessel diseaseandneurodegenerativechanges 298 small vessel disease Wiesje M. van der Flier and Raj Kalaria 18. Acute strokesyndromes caused by small vessel disease 217 Section 4 – Therapeutic aspects: MarkI. Boulos, Ranjith K.Menon,Richard prevention,futuredirections, I.Aviv,Sandra E. Black, and Richard H. Swartz and possibilities 19. Cognitive consequences of cerebral small vessel disease 236 25. Riskfactorsaspossibletargetsforprevention JoséM. Ferro, Ana Verdelho, and Sofia ofsmall vessel disease 311 Madureira Vincent Mok, Philip B.Gorelick, and 20. Motor, stance,and balanceconsequencesof Christopher Chen cerebralsmall vesseldisease 251 26. Treatmentapproachesforlacunarstrokes 323 Hansjoerg Baezner,Christian Blahak,and Makoto Nakajima, ThaliaField, and Oscar Michael G. Hennerici R. Benavente 21. Psychiatric consequences of small vessel 27. Cerebral small vessel diseaseimagingas a disease 261 surrogate markerfor clinicaltrials 336 Perminder S.Sachdev and Sharon Reutens Reinhold Schmidt, Margherita Cavalieri,and 22. Consequences of cerebral small vessel Marisa Loitfelder disease: disability,mortality,and 28. Cerebral small vessel disease: alook to the prognosis 273 future 347 AnnaPoggesi,LeonardoPantoni,andDomenico Philip B.Gorelick and Leonardo Pantoni Inzitari 23. Clinical aspects of genetic forms of small vessel disease 283 Maria Teresa Dotti and Antonio Federico Index 353 viii
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