Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems, Volume 151

190 Pages·2006·9.69 MB·English

Ceramic Armor
and Armor
Systems
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Ceramic Armor
and Armor
Systems
Proceedings of the Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems symposium held at the
105th Annual Meeting ofThe American Ceramic Society, April 27-30, 2003, in
Nashville, Tennessee
Edited by
Eugene Medvedovsk
Ceramic Protection Corp.
Published by
The American Ceramic Society
735 Ceramic Place
Westerville, Ohio 43081
www.ceramics.org
Proceedings of die Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems symposium held at the 105th Annual
Meeting of the American Ceramic Society, April 27-30, 2003, in Nashvillejennessee.
Copyright 2003,The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.
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COVER PHOTO: "SEM of aTi02 coating structure" is courtesy of R. Gadow and K. von
Niessen and appears as figure 6 in their paper "Lightweight Ballistic Structures Made of
Ceramic and Cermet/Aramide Composites" which begins on page 3.
For information on ordering titles published by The American Ceramic Society, or to request a
publications catalog, please call 614-794-5890.
4 3 2 1-06 05 04 03
ISSN 1042-1122
ISBN 1-57498-206-0
Preface vii
Ceramic Armor Materials Development
Lightweight Ballistic Structures Made of Ceramic and
Cermet /Aramide Composites
3
R. Gadow and K. von Niessen
Silicon Carbide-Based Ceramics for Ballistic Protection 19
E. Medvedovski
Toughness-Hardness Trade-off in Advanced SiC Armor 37
M. Flinders, D. Ray, and RA Cutler
Development of a Pressureless Sintered Silicon Carbide
Monolith and Special-Shaped Silicon Carbide Whisker
Reinforced Silicon Carbide Matrix Composite for Lightweight
Armor Application 49
TM. Lillo, H.S. Chu, D.W. Bailey, W.M. Harrison, and DA Laughton
Design and Manufacturing B C-SiC Layered Ceramics
4
for Armor Applications 59
N. Orlovskaya, M. Lugovy.V. Subbotin, Q RachenkoJ. Adams, M. Chheda,
J. Shih, J. Sankar, and S.Yarmolenko
Improved Pressureless Densification of BC 71
4
R.F. Speyer and H. Lee
Spinel Armor - Clearly the Way to Go ..... 83
M.C.L Patterson, A.A. DiGiovanni, D.W. Roy, and G. Gilde
Fracture Mechanism of Armor Ceramics and
Composites
Controlled Explosive Indentation on Ceramics 93
DK. Kim, J.H. KimY.-G. Kim, C.-S. Lee, D.-T Chung, C.W. Kim, j.H. Choi,
f
and S.-N. Chang
v
Evidence of Ductile (Alumina) and Brittle (Boron Carbide)
Response of Ceramics under Shock Wave Loading 105
E.B. Zanetsky,V.E. Paris, G.I. Kanel, and A.S. Savinykh
Dynamic Failure and Fracture of theTiC-Steel Composite ... 117
E.B. Zanetsky, N. Frage, and M.R Dariel
Ballistic Testing Study and Ballistic Performance of
Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems
Failure of Projectile Impact Resistant Glass Panels 131
R.C Bradt, SE. Jones, M.E. Barkey, and M.E. Stevenson
Penetration Analysis of Ceramic Armor Backed by
Composite Materials 145
M. Ravid, S. Chocron, and S.R Bodner
Resistance of Different Ceramic Materials to Penetration
by a Tungsten Carbide Cored Projectile 153
C. Roberson, and RJ. Hazell
Resistance of Silicon Carbide to Penetration by a Tungsten
Carbide Cored Projectile 165
G Roberson and RJ. Hazell
An Investigation into Fragmenting the 14.5 mm BS4I
Armour Piercing Round by Varying a Confined Ceramic
Target Set-up 175
N.J. Woolmone, RJ. Hazell, andTR Stuart
Index 187
VI
face
Reliable ballistic protection of military and police personnel, equipment
vehicles, aircraft and helicopters is presently generally impractical without
use of ceramic-based armor systems.The development and manufacturing
of ceramic armor and armor systems have received significant attention by
both ceramic manufacturers and military specialists.
The international symposium Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems was held
during the 105th Annual Meeting of The American Ceramic Society, April
27-30,2003 in Nashville,Tennessee.This symposium brought together sci-
entists and engineers working with the development and manufacturing of
armor ceramics, ceramic-based armor systems, as well as studies of fracture
mechanisms and ballistic evaluations of ceramic-based armor systems. A
total of 30 papers, including 12 as invited, were presented by the leading
specialists from 8 countries (Canada, Germany, Israel, Korea, Russia, Ukraine,
United Kingdom and the United States).The speakers represented univer-
sities, government research centers and laboratories and industry.The sym-
posium attracted many ceramic specialists from The American Ceramic
Society and also armor design and ballistic specialists from many countries.
These proceedings contain 15 invited and contributed papers presented
and discussed at the symposium. The papers describe results of the latest
achievements in the area of ceramic armor systems devoted to ceramic
armor design and modeling, ceramic armor materials and composites
development and manufacturing, physical properties and structures of
armor ceramics, fracture mechanisms of armor ceramics and composites,
and ballistic testing and performance of ceramic armor systems.The papers
also consider new tasks and approaches in the area of armor ceramics and
armor systems. Each manuscript presented was reviewed in accordance
with The American Ceramic Society's review process.
As the organizer of the symposium and the editor of this proceedings, I am
grateful to the session chairs (Drs. Rainer Gadow, Dale Niesz and Victor
Gneenhut) and to all the participants for their contribution and co-opera-
tion, time and effort to all reviewers for their comments and suggestions
and to the ACerS staff of the meetings and publication departments for
their assistance. The financial support of The American Ceramic Society is
gratefully acknowledged.
vu
I hope that this volume will be good addition to the recently published lit-
erature related to ceramic armor; such as the proceedings of the armor sym-
posiums held at the PAC RIM Conference (Hawaii, 2001) and the 27th
Cocoa Beach Conference, 2003, also conducted by The American Ceramic
Society. This volume should be of interest to researchers and engineers
working with all aspects of ceramic armor systems. The results described
herein will help in the development and implementation of advanced ceram-
ic armor with improved performance and finally in protecting human life.
Eugene Medvedovski
viii
Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems
Edited by Eugene Medvedovsk
Copyright © 2003, The American Ceramic Society
Ceramic Armor Materials Development
Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems
Edited by Eugene Medvedovsk
Copyright © 2003, The American Ceramic Society
LIGHTWEIGHT BALLISTIC STRUCTURES MADE OF CERAMIC AND
CERMET / ARAMIDE COMPOSITES
R. Gadow and K. von Niessen
Institute for Manufacturing Technologies of Ceramic Components
and Composites (IMTCCC/IFKB), University of Stuttgart
Allmandring 7b, D-70569 Stuttgart, GERMANY
ABSTRACT
Ceramic and cermet coatings on fiber fabrics should enhance their performance
in ballistic protection. Based on thermal spray technologies a coating process for
hard material layers even on temperature sensitive fiber substrates has been devel-
oped, so that the coated fabrics retain their flexibility. High speed and high rate
cermet and ceramic coating is performed with simultaneous cooling in order to
apply thick, hard and refractory cermet and oxide ceramic coatings can be applied
on lightweight aramide fabrics without damaging the initial fibers. The hard mate-
rial, aramide composite fabric combines the advantages of aramide fabrics and
hard, refractory materials. A fully flexible, highly tenacious and lightweight fabric
with a hard and refractory top coating is developed. The penetration of bullets,
knives and blades through such hard material coated multilayer fabrics is effec-
tively prevented.
INTRODUCTION
Ballistic protection is required for personal use, vehicles and permanent struc-
tures which are subject to ballistic threats.1,2 Military and civilian ballistic protec-
tion is divided into flexible lightweight protection and massive, stiff armor.
Lightweight ballistic protection can be made of flexible aramide fibers and is pri-
marily used as body armor3,4 (see Fig. I).5 Stiff armor consists of multilayer steel
as well as dense bulk ceramic plates and stiff fiber reinforced materials (see Fig.
2).6 The main disadvantages of solid and stiff armor are its heavy weight and in-
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Ceramic Armor and Armor Systems 3