Central Nervous System: Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function PDF
Preview Central Nervous System: Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function
Central Nervous System Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function Edited by E. Genazzani and H. Herken With 121 Figures Springer -Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin 1974 Professor Dr. E. GENAZZANl, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello, 30, 1-10125 Turin Professor Dr. H. HERKEN, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, D-1000 Berlin 33, Thielallee 69/73 International Symposium on "Metabolic Regulation and Functional Activity in the Cen tral Nervous System" held in Saint Vincent (Aosta), Italy, September 16-17, 1972 Scientific Committee: E. BECCARI (Torino), G. CAVALLO (Torino), J.-P. CHANGEUX (Pa ris), G. FILOGAMO (Torino), E. GENAZZANl (Torino), H. HERKEN (Berlin), P. MANDEL (Strasbourg) Local Organizing Secretary: R. DI CARLO (Torino) ISBN-13: 978-3-642-65716-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-65714-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-65714-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broad casting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. (£) by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1974. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1974 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-13178. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Central Nervous System Studies on Metabolic Regulation and Function Edited by E. Genazzani and H. Herken With 121 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1974 Professor Dr. E. GENAZZANl, Institute of Pharmacology, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello, 30, 1-10125 Turin Professor Dr. H. HERKEN, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, D-1000 Berlin 33, Thielallee 69/73 International Symposium on "Metabolic Regulation and Functional Activity in the Cen tral Nervous System" held in Saint Vincent (Aosta), Italy, September 16-17, 1972 Scientific Committee: E. BECCARI (Torino), G. CAVALLO (Torino), J.-P. CHANGEUX (Pa ris), G. FILOGAMO (Torino), E. GENAZZANl (Torino), H. HERKEN (Berlin), P. MANDEL (Strasbourg) Local Organizing Secretary: R. DI CARLO (Torino) ISBN-13: 978-3-642-65716-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-65714-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-65714-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broad casting, reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. (£) by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1974. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1974 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-13178. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Preface This book is based on the Symposium "Metabolic Regulation and Functional Activity in the Central Nervous System" which was held on September 16 and 17, 1972, at Saint Vincent (Aosta)/Italy, and was sponsored by the Accademia di Medicina di Torino with the scientific cooperation of the Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, and the Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin. Its purpose was to give a greater number of scientists from different countries an opportunity to report their latest results under a heading concerning general relationships between metabolism and function. We quite deliberately refrained from pursuing the partly heterogenous subjects into details. Thus, the organizers hoped to be able to interest a greater circle of readers for the manifold subjects from various fields dealing with the investigation of metabolic processes in the central nervous system. The discussion remarks to the lectures could not be considered for printing. The Accademia di Medicina di Torino and all others concerned do not only thank Dr. R. Di Carlo and other members of the Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, for the excellent work they performed in preparing this Symposium, but also the Amministrazione Regionale della Valle di Aosta and SITA V di Saint-Vincent for their generous support and their kind hospitality which made the stay at Saint-Vincent most agreeable for all participants. TurinlBerlin, October 1973 E. GENAZZANI H.HERKEN Contents I. Biochemical Analysis of Metabolic Pathways Adenosine in Neurohumoral and Regulatory Roles in the Brain. By H. McILWAIN. 3 Lipid Metabolism and its Regulation in Brain Tissue. By G. PORCELLATI . . . .. 12 Choline and its Metabolic Successors in Brain. By H. KEWITZ, K. DROSS, and O. PLEUL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 21 Structural and Functional Significance of Brain Glycoproteins. By C. DI BENEDETTA 33 Antimetabolic Action on the Pentose Phosphate Pathway in the Central Nervous System Induced by 6-Aminonicotinamide. By H. HER KEN, K. LANGE, H. KOLBE, and K. KELLER. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Studies of Flux Rates at the Glucose 6-Phosphate Crossover. By K. LANGE, K. KELLER, and H. KOLBE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Purification and Regulation of Phosphate-Activated Pig Brain Glutaminase. By E. KVAMME, G. SVENNEBY, and I. AA. TORGNER . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Functional Aspects of Nucleic Acid Metabolism in Brain. By A. GIUDITTA . . 70 Uptake and Action of Glycine in Cultures of Central Nervous Tissue from Rat. By 1. HOSLI, E. HOSLI, and P. F. ANDRES ................... 78 Neuronal Activity and Axonal Flow. By G. W. KREUTZBERG and P. SCHUBERT .. 84 Intra-Axonal Transport of Young Amine Granules: Implications for Nerve-Ter minal Function. By A. DAHLSTROM and J. HXGGENDAL . . . . . . . . . . .. 94 The Application of Micromethods to Neurochemistry. By V. NEUHOFF . . . . . 104 Serum as Medium for Brain and Other Tissues Respiring in vitro. By M. SAN GIOVANNI, A. FOSSATI, G. B. GERVASI, F. SCROLLINI, S. FERRI, and E. GORI . . . . 115 II. Membrane Function and Neurotransmission Importance of Structure and Organization for the Chemical Reactions in Excitable Membranes. By D. NACHMANSOHN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Allostery and Permeability of Cellular Membranes. By E. SCHOFFENIELS . . . . . 138 VI Contents Release of 3H-AcetyldlOline and sH-Choline from the Cerebral Cortex of the Rat Following Administration of 3H-Choline. By G. PEPEU, F. CRABAI, A. MULAs, and M. L. MULAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Changes in the Enzymes for the Metabolism of Acetylcholine During Development of the Central Nervous System. By G. GIACOBINI and G. FILOGAMO . . . . . . 153 Acetylcholinesterase and Choline Acetyltransferase in Hippocampus after Various Septal Lesions in Rats. By B. ODERFELD-NoWAK, O. NARKIEWICZ, J. DABRowsKA, A. WIERASZKO, and M. GRADKOWSKA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Subcellular Localization of Glycosyl-Transferases in Synaptosomes and Mitodron- dria of Brain. By P. LOUISOT and P. BRoQuET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 Neurodremical Aspects of Behavior. By L. VALZELLI. . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Histamine in the Brain: Importance of Transmethylation Processes and Their Re gulation. By J.-C. SCHWARTZ, M. BAUDRY, F. CHAST, H. POLLARD, S. BISCHOFF, and M. S. KRISHNAMOORTHY ......................... 172 Macromolecular Organization of Membranes and Organelles in Nerve Tissue. By V. DI CARLO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 III. Hormonal and Pharmacological Studies Effects of Ergot DH-Alkaloids on the Metabolism and Function of the Brain. An Approadr Based on Studies with DH-Ergonine. By A. CERLETTI, H. EMMENEGGER, A. ENz, P. IWANGOFF, W. MEIER-RuGE, and J. MUSIL . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 Effect of Nicergoline on Some Ischemia-Induced Metabolic Changes in the Brain of Cat. By A. MORETTI, L. PEGRASSI, and G. K. SUCHOWSKY t . . . . . . . . 213 Interference of Neurologically Active Drugs with Metabolism of RNA in Brain. By E. GENAZZANI and R. DI CARLO ..................... 217 Some Histochemical, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects of Differentiation of Neuroblastoma Cells of Mouse. By P. MANDEL, J. CIESIELSKI-TRESKA, J. C. HER- METET, L. HERTZ, C. NISSEN, G. THOLEY and F. WARTER ........... 223 Analogues of ACTH, Conditioned Avoidance Behaviour and Metabolism of Ma cromolecules in Brain of Rat. By P. SCHOTMAN and W. H. GISPEN. . . . . . . 231 Hypophysectomy and Metabolism of Brain Proteins. By M. E. A. REITH, W. H. GISPEN, and P. SCHOTMAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Early Effects of Thyroxine and Reserpine on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis of Young Rats. By F. CAVIEZEL, G. GAVAZZI, and L. COLOMBO. 241 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 List of Participants M. BAUDRY, Unite de Neurobiologie de 1'1. N. S. E. R. M., Paris/France E. BECCARI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, Torino/Italy T. BERTI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Padova, Sez. di Verona, Verona/Italy L. J. BONONI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, Torino/Italy P. BROQUET, University of Lyon, Medical Teaching and Research Unit Lyon-Sud, Biochemical Laboratory, Oullins/France F. BUFFONI, Istituto di Farmacologia e Farmacognosia, Universid di Firenze, Firenze/ltaly G. CAVALLO, Istituto di Microbiologica, Universita di Torino, Torino/Italy F. CAVIEZEL, Department of Pharmacology, University of Milan, Milan/Italy B. CECCARELLI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Milano, Milano/Italy J. P. CHANGEUX, Institut Pasteur, Paris/France F. CLEMENTI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Milano, Milano/Italy E. COSTA, Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Saint Elizabeth Hospital, Washington D. C'/USA A. DAHLSTROM, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Goteborg, Goteborg/Sweden C. DI BENEDETTA, Istituto di Fisiologia Umana, Universita di Napoli, Napoli/Italy F. DI CARLO, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, Torino/Italy R. DI CARLO, Institute of Pharmacology, II Chair, University of Turin, Turin/Italy V. DI CARLO, Indiana University School of Medicine, Gary/Indiana/USA L. DONATELLI, Istituto di Farmacologia dell'Universita di Napoli, Napoli/Italy M. EANDI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Torino, Torino/Italy S. FERRI, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Milan, Milan/Italy G. FlLOGAMO, Dep. of Human Anatomy, University of Turin, Turin/Italy A. GALANTE, Milano/Italy M. GAZZANIGA, Milano/Italy E. GENAZZANI, Institute of Pharmacology, II Chair, University of Turin, Turin/Italy G. GIACOBINI, Dept. of Human Anatomy, University of Turin, Turin/Italy A. GIOTTI, Istituto di Farmacologia dell'Universid di Firenze, Firenze/ltaly A. GIUDITTA, International Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Naples/Italy E. GORI, Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Milan, Milan/Italy M. GOTZ, Ayerst Research Laboratories, Montreal/Canada P. GREY, 137, Harley Street, London/England A. GROPPETTI, Istituto di Farmacologia dell'Universid di Milano, Milano/Italy J. HANBAUER, Washington/USA VIII List of Participants H. HERKEN, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, Berlin/Germany E. HOSLI, Dept. of Neurophysiol., Neurol. Univ. Clinic, Basel/Switzerland L. HOSLI, Dept. of Neurophysiol., Neurol. Univ. Clinic, Basel/Switzerland K. KELLER, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, Berlin/Germany H. KEwITz, Institut fUr Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum Steglitz der Freien Universitat Berlin, Berlin/Germany H. KOLBE, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, Berlin/Germany G. W. KREUTZBERG, Max-Plandt-Institut fur Psychiatrie, Munchen/Germany G. KRISHNA, Milano/Italy E. KVAMME, Dept. of Neurochemistry, University Psychiatric Clinic, Oslo/Norge K. LANGE, Pharmakologisches Institut der Freien Universitat Berlin, Berlin/Germany A. LINDL, Freiburg/Germany P. LOUISOT, University of Lyon, Medical Teaching and Research Unit Lyon-Sud Biochemical La boratory, Oullins/France P. MANDEL, Centre de Neurochimie du C. N. R. S., Strasbourg/France H. McILWAIN, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Psychiatry, University of London, Lon- donlEngland W. MEIER-RuGE, Basic Medical Research Sandoz Ltd., Basel/Switzerland A. MORETTI, Farmitalia, Istituto Ricerche, Milano/Italy J. MUSIL, Basic Medical Research Sandoz Ltd., Basel/Switzerland D. NACHMANSOHN, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Department of Neurology, New York/USA V. NEUHOFF, Max Plandt-Institut fur Experimentelle Medizin, Arbeitsgruppe Neurochemie, Got tingen/Germany B. ODERFELD-NoWAK, Nendti Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, and Medical Academy, Gdansk/Poland G. PAGNINI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Napoli, Napoli/Italy G. PEPEU, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari/ Italy G. PORCELLATI, Istituto di Chimica Biologica, Facolta di Medicina, Universita di Perugia, Peru gia/Italy M. E. A. REITH, Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, University of Utrecht, Utrecht/The Netherlands E. SCHOFFENIELS, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Universite de Liege, LiegelBelgique P. SCHOTMAN, Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, University of Utrecht, Utrecht/The Nether- lands J. C. SCHWARTZ, Unite de Neurobiologie de 1'1. N. S. E. R. M., Paris/France F. SCROLLINI, Biological Research Laboratories, Dr. L. Zambeletti, Milan/Italy O. Z. SELLINGER, Mental Health Research Institute and the Biophysics Research Division, Insti- tute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor/Michigan/USA J. P. TILLEMENT, France L. VALZELLI, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milano/Italy L ZJLLETTI, Istituto di Farmacologia, Universita di Firenze, Firenze/Italy 1. Biochemical Analysis of Metabolic Pathways
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