Cengage Chemistry in 30 days by A J Prince for IIT JEE EAMCET MP PET SEE TNPCEE RPETEAP BCECE GUJCET CEE 2012

475 Pages·2012·116.98 MB·English

by  A J Prince

EXAM)
Ereacky
CHEMISTRY
in 30 Days

for Engineering Entrance Examinations

AJ. Prince

fg CENGAGE
© Learning

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ConTENTS

Preface

Day!

Day 2

‘Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry
‘Atom

Molecule

Dalton's Atomic Theory

‘Atomic Mass (A)

Molecular Mass

Mole Concept

Laws of Chemical Combination
Percentage Composition

Types of Units

Systems of Units

Significant Figures
Determination of Atomic Mass
Determination of Molecular Mass
(Chemical Equations

Problems

“Hints and Solutions

A. Gaseous State~

(as Laws

Combined Gas Equation

‘Te Kinetic Theory of Gases
Molecule Speeds of Gas Molecules
Real Gass and Ideal Gases
Cases of Deviation fom deal Gas Behaviour
Compresibiiy Factor 2)

Boyle's Temperature

‘Vander Waals Equation

Cia! Temperature (7)

‘Cia! Pressure (7)

rial Voune 05
Joule-Taomson Effect,

Protioms

ine and Solutions
vt Contents

Day3

B. Solid State
“Types of Cystine Solids

Casta

Deny of he Cot

(Close Packing of Identical Spherical Particles
‘Types of Voids

Radius Ratio: (7°)

Description of Some Important Crystal Structures
Defects in Solids

Electrical Properies of Solids

Magnetic Properties of Solids

Problems

“Hina and Solations

‘A. Atomic Structure

Important Terms

Eleetomagnetic Raiations

Planck's Quantum Theory

Bohr's Model af Atom

Different Modes of Transition Between Two Orbit
Hydrogen Spectrum

Drawbacks of Bohs Model

De Brogle's Dal Nature of Mair

Heisenbers Unceraiaty Principle

‘Wave Mechanical Mode of Atom

Schrainge Wave Equation

Quantum Nambers

Rules forthe Filing of Electrons in Orbital of an Atom
Electonic Configuration of Tons

‘Shapes and Orbits

Problems

Hints and Solutions

Important Terms
Exceptions to Octet Rule
Formal Charge

Fajans’ Rules,

Dipole Moment

Shapes of Molecules,
Valence Shell Elect
Valence-Bond

Moet Orbital Theory: (Hund and Mu
Molecular OrbialDisgramg nt S%! Maliken)
Hydtogen Bonding

Probie

Hints and Solutions

ron Pair Repulsion Theory: VSEPR Theory

39
B. Chemical Bonding & Molecilar Structure 3.11-3.21
Day 4

Day5

Day 6

Day7

Contents th

Chemical Thermodynamics 414d
Chemical Thermodynamicn a
‘Work of Expansion of Presure-Volume Work 42
Laws of Thermodye a
Important a3
Bnthalpy (1) aa
Laplace & Lavoisier Law “
Hess's Law of Constunt Summation “
‘Spontancous and Non-Spontancous Processes 4s
‘Entropy 4s
Gibb’s Free Energy br
Problems: 46
Hints and Solutions ad
Solutions

Methods of Expressing Concent
Collgative Properties

‘Vapour Pressure

Areotropic Mixtures

Elevation in Boiling Point
Depression in Freezing Point
‘Oxmotie Pressure

‘Abnormal Colligaive Properties
‘Van’t Hoff Factor and Degree of Dissociation

‘Van’t Hoft Factor and Degree of Assocation
Comparison of Cerwin Properties of Different Solates
Problems

Hints and Solutions

‘Chemical Equilibrium
Reversible and reverse reactions

Law of Mass Action (Guldberg and Waage)
Equilibrium

Chemical Equiideium

Reaction Quotient (Q)

Relation Between Reaction Quotient and Equlibriam Constant
‘Types of Equilibrium Constant

Different Cases of Chemical Equilibrium
Le-Chatelier’s Principle

Problems

Hints and Solutions

A. lonic Equilibria
Surong and Weak Electrolytes
‘Concept of Acids and Bases
Degree of Dissociation (a)
Tonization of Weak Acid
Tonization of Weak Base
Tonization of Water

pH Seale

ion of Soltion
Day 8

Day 9

Contents

‘Types of Salts
Hydrolysis

Solubility (S)

Tonic Product

‘Solubility Product

‘Common lon Effect

Problems

Hints and Solutions

B. Redox Reactions’

Redox Reactions

Oxidizing Agent

Reducing Agent m2
Equivalent Weight of Oxidising and Reducing Agents 72
Disproportionation ™
Rules For Finding Out the Oxidation Number 13
‘Special Cases of Oxidation Number 713
Balancing of Equations By lon-Electron Method. m4
Problems TAs
Hints and Solutions 77
A. Electrochemistry 8.1-8.9
Electrolysis 81
Salt Bridge a3
Cell Representation 83
EME of the Cell 83
Problems 85
Hints and Solutions 8
B. Chemical Kinetics

Rate ofa Reaction *

Elementary and Complex Reactions

Molecularty of The Reaction
Order of The Reaction

Effect of Temperature on The Rate of « Reaction
‘Threshold Energy

‘Activation Energy, Ea

Relation Between Activation Energy and Enthalpy of a Reversible
Reaction

Effect of «Catalyst
Photochemical Reactions

Problems

“Hints and Solutions

Surface Chemistry 9.1-9.10
‘Adsorption on
Factors Affecting Adsorption om
Catalyst and Catalysis, 93
‘Auocatalysis 93

‘Shape Selective Catalysis, 93
Enzymes 93
Colloidal State 93
Preparation of Colloidal Sos 98
Properties of Colloids, 9s
Problems 97
Hinge and Solutions . 9.10

Day 10 Eastiation of Elements and
Periodicity of Propertiés

Earlier Attempts to Classify Elements
Mendeleev's Periodic Law

‘Modern Periodic Law

(Characteristics of s-Block Elements
‘Characteristics of p-Block Elements
‘Characteristics of d-Block Elements
Characteristics of f-Block Elements
Periodic Properties

Variation inthe Periodic Table

Tonic Radius

Isoelectroni Ions

onization Enthalpy loniation Potential)
Factors Affecting loniation Entalpy
Variations of lonzation Entalpy In Periodic Table 105
Electron Gain Enthalpy 106
Successive Electron Gain Enhalpes 106
Electronegativity 106
Problems 107
Hints and Solutions 10.10

11 A. Principles and isolation
Day A incples Proceger fl

Occurrence of Metals
Meullurgy

‘Thermodynamic Principles Applied to Metallurgy
(Elingham Diagrams)

Problems
Hints and Solutions

B. Hydrogen Hts
Poston of Hydrogen in Periodic Table us
Isotopes of Hydrogen 9
Preparation of Hydrogen us
Physical Properties of Hydrogen nto
(Chemical Properties of Hydrogen un
Different Forms of Hydrogen ite
Hydrides is
Water ray
Hydrogen Peroxide in
Problems wis

Hints and Solutions ie
x Contens

Day 12

Day 13

Day 14

Day 15

s-Block Elements”
Group | Elements (Alkali Setals)
General Characters

Group 2 Elements: Alkaline Earth Metals
General Characters

‘Chemical Properties

Problems

‘Hints and Solutions

Group 13 and Group 14 Elements

Group 13 Elements

General Characters
Preparation

Orthoboric Acid (H,B0,)
Structure of Diborane (BH)
Boron Nitride (BN)

Borazine (ByNyH,) or Borazole
Group 14 Elements (Carbon Family)
General Characters

Metal Carbides

Carbon Dioxide (CO,)
Carbon-monoxide (CO)
Problems

Hints and Solutions

Group 15 and Group 16 Elements
Group 15 Elements (Nitrogen Family)
Hydrides of Group 15 Elements

Oxides of Nitrogen

Allotropes of Phosphorous

‘Oxy-Acids of Phosphorous

‘Group 16 Flements (Oxygen Family)

General Characters

Hydrides

Allotropes of Sulphur

‘Oxo-acids of Sulphur

‘Comparison of Bleaching Action With Chlorine
Problems

Hints and Solutions

A. Group 17 and Group 18 Elements
Group 17 Elements: Halogen Family

Halogen Acids

{Group 18 Elements: Noble Gases

Problems

Hints and Solutions

B. d and f-Block Elements

Electronic Configuration
Potassium Permanganate (KMn0,)

12.1-12.10
4
ra
124
Rs
12s

13.

14.10
15.1-15.1

1s
Ba
136
159
1st

15.12-15.20
15.12
1313
Contents xl

Potassium Dichromate(K;Cr,0;) 15.16
{Block Elements 1515
Other Properties 15:16
‘Actinides 15.16
Problems i317
Hints and Solutions 15:19

Day 16 A. Coordination Chemistry 16.1-16.13
Coordination Compounds 161
“Types of Ligands 16.1
‘Werner's Coordination Theory 163
Valence Bond Theory 163
Crystal Field Theory 168
Ligand Feld Theory 166
Organometlic Compounds 168
Probleme 169
Hits and Solutions 16.12
B. Environmental Pollution 16.14-16.22
Pollution and Ptlstans
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioride (CO)

Oxides of Sulphur (SO, and $03)
Oxides of Nitrogen (Mainly NO and NO;)
Hydrocarbons

CChloroftuorocarbons (Freons)
Photochemical Oxidants
Particulate Pollutants

Greentlouse Effect

Global Warming

Acid Rain

‘Stratospheric Layer of Ozone
‘Water Pollution

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
‘Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
Soil Pollution

Problems

Hints and Solutions

Day 17 Purification and Detection of Organic
‘Compounds
Prrification
ave nay
titative Analysis
‘Becrminaton of Molecular Mass
Probiems
‘Hines and Solutions

Day 18 Nomenclature
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
TUPAC System of Nomenclature of Aliphatic Compounds
sil Contents

Day 19

Day 20

Day 21

Day 22

Day 23

Problems 189
“Hn ond Solutions L 1s
General Organic Chemistry 19.1-19.14
Isomerism 194
General Organic Chemistry 195
Resonance 197
“Types of Organi Reactions 198
Problems 199
Hints and Soltions 2
Aliphatic Hydi

Alkanes

Preparation of Alkanes
Properties of Alkanes
Alkenes
Preparation of Alkenes
Properties of Alkenes
‘Alkynes
“Methods of Preparation of Alkynes
Properties of Alkynes
Problems
Hints and Solutions

y
‘Aromatic Hydrocarbons
General Concepts ~
Some Species That are Aromatic
Benzene
“Methods of Preparation of Benzene
Chemical Properties
‘Unexpected Products
Some Reactions of Toluene and Other Derivatives
‘Activation and Deactivation|
Directive Influence
Problems
Hines and Solutions

Organic Compounds Containing
Methods of Preparation

Chemical Properties of Alky|Hatides
Preparation of Aryl Halides

Reactions of Chloroform

Reactions of CCl,

Preparation of Aryl Halides

Problems

Hint and Solutions

Alcohéls and Phenols

Methods of Preparation of Alcohols
Physical Properties of Alcohols