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Cengage Chemistry in 30 days by A J Prince for IIT JEE EAMCET MP PET SEE TNPCEE RPETEAP BCECE GUJCET CEE 2012 PDF

475 Pages·2012·116.98 MB·English
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Preview Cengage Chemistry in 30 days by A J Prince for IIT JEE EAMCET MP PET SEE TNPCEE RPETEAP BCECE GUJCET CEE 2012

EXAM) Ereacky CHEMISTRY in 30 Days for Engineering Entrance Examinations AJ. Prince fg CENGAGE © Learning ‘aaa aes Ca Ran Tog Rog ies Da Bad BRST ConTENTS Preface Day! Day 2 ‘Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry ‘Atom Molecule Dalton's Atomic Theory ‘Atomic Mass (A) Molecular Mass Mole Concept Laws of Chemical Combination Percentage Composition Types of Units Systems of Units Significant Figures Determination of Atomic Mass Determination of Molecular Mass (Chemical Equations Problems “Hints and Solutions A. Gaseous State~ (as Laws Combined Gas Equation ‘Te Kinetic Theory of Gases Molecule Speeds of Gas Molecules Real Gass and Ideal Gases Cases of Deviation fom deal Gas Behaviour Compresibiiy Factor 2) Boyle's Temperature ‘Vander Waals Equation Cia! Temperature (7) ‘Cia! Pressure (7) rial Voune 05 Joule-Taomson Effect, Protioms ine and Solutions vt Contents Day3 B. Solid State “Types of Cystine Solids Casta Deny of he Cot (Close Packing of Identical Spherical Particles ‘Types of Voids Radius Ratio: (7°) Description of Some Important Crystal Structures Defects in Solids Electrical Properies of Solids Magnetic Properties of Solids Problems “Hina and Solations ‘A. Atomic Structure Important Terms Eleetomagnetic Raiations Planck's Quantum Theory Bohr's Model af Atom Different Modes of Transition Between Two Orbit Hydrogen Spectrum Drawbacks of Bohs Model De Brogle's Dal Nature of Mair Heisenbers Unceraiaty Principle ‘Wave Mechanical Mode of Atom Schrainge Wave Equation Quantum Nambers Rules forthe Filing of Electrons in Orbital of an Atom Electonic Configuration of Tons ‘Shapes and Orbits Problems Hints and Solutions Important Terms Exceptions to Octet Rule Formal Charge Fajans’ Rules, Dipole Moment Shapes of Molecules, Valence Shell Elect Valence-Bond Moet Orbital Theory: (Hund and Mu Molecular OrbialDisgramg nt S%! Maliken) Hydtogen Bonding Probie Hints and Solutions ron Pair Repulsion Theory: VSEPR Theory 39 B. Chemical Bonding & Molecilar Structure 3.11-3.21 Day 4 Day5 Day 6 Day7 Contents th Chemical Thermodynamics 414d Chemical Thermodynamicn a ‘Work of Expansion of Presure-Volume Work 42 Laws of Thermodye a Important a3 Bnthalpy (1) aa Laplace & Lavoisier Law “ Hess's Law of Constunt Summation “ ‘Spontancous and Non-Spontancous Processes 4s ‘Entropy 4s Gibb’s Free Energy br Problems: 46 Hints and Solutions ad Solutions Methods of Expressing Concent Collgative Properties ‘Vapour Pressure Areotropic Mixtures Elevation in Boiling Point Depression in Freezing Point ‘Oxmotie Pressure ‘Abnormal Colligaive Properties ‘Van’t Hoff Factor and Degree of Dissociation ‘Van’t Hoft Factor and Degree of Assocation Comparison of Cerwin Properties of Different Solates Problems Hints and Solutions ‘Chemical Equilibrium Reversible and reverse reactions Law of Mass Action (Guldberg and Waage) Equilibrium Chemical Equiideium Reaction Quotient (Q) Relation Between Reaction Quotient and Equlibriam Constant ‘Types of Equilibrium Constant Different Cases of Chemical Equilibrium Le-Chatelier’s Principle Problems Hints and Solutions A. lonic Equilibria Surong and Weak Electrolytes ‘Concept of Acids and Bases Degree of Dissociation (a) Tonization of Weak Acid Tonization of Weak Base Tonization of Water pH Seale ion of Soltion Day 8 Day 9 Contents ‘Types of Salts Hydrolysis Solubility (S) Tonic Product ‘Solubility Product ‘Common lon Effect Problems Hints and Solutions B. Redox Reactions’ Redox Reactions Oxidizing Agent Reducing Agent m2 Equivalent Weight of Oxidising and Reducing Agents 72 Disproportionation ™ Rules For Finding Out the Oxidation Number 13 ‘Special Cases of Oxidation Number 713 Balancing of Equations By lon-Electron Method. m4 Problems TAs Hints and Solutions 77 A. Electrochemistry 8.1-8.9 Electrolysis 81 Salt Bridge a3 Cell Representation 83 EME of the Cell 83 Problems 85 Hints and Solutions 8 B. Chemical Kinetics Rate ofa Reaction * Elementary and Complex Reactions Molecularty of The Reaction Order of The Reaction Effect of Temperature on The Rate of « Reaction ‘Threshold Energy ‘Activation Energy, Ea Relation Between Activation Energy and Enthalpy of a Reversible Reaction Effect of «Catalyst Photochemical Reactions Problems “Hints and Solutions Surface Chemistry 9.1-9.10 ‘Adsorption on Factors Affecting Adsorption om Catalyst and Catalysis, 93 ‘Auocatalysis 93 ‘Shape Selective Catalysis, 93 Enzymes 93 Colloidal State 93 Preparation of Colloidal Sos 98 Properties of Colloids, 9s Problems 97 Hinge and Solutions . 9.10 Day 10 Eastiation of Elements and Periodicity of Propertiés Earlier Attempts to Classify Elements Mendeleev's Periodic Law ‘Modern Periodic Law (Characteristics of s-Block Elements ‘Characteristics of p-Block Elements ‘Characteristics of d-Block Elements Characteristics of f-Block Elements Periodic Properties Variation inthe Periodic Table Tonic Radius Isoelectroni Ions onization Enthalpy loniation Potential) Factors Affecting loniation Entalpy Variations of lonzation Entalpy In Periodic Table 105 Electron Gain Enthalpy 106 Successive Electron Gain Enhalpes 106 Electronegativity 106 Problems 107 Hints and Solutions 10.10 11 A. Principles and isolation Day A incples Proceger fl Occurrence of Metals Meullurgy ‘Thermodynamic Principles Applied to Metallurgy (Elingham Diagrams) Problems Hints and Solutions B. Hydrogen Hts Poston of Hydrogen in Periodic Table us Isotopes of Hydrogen 9 Preparation of Hydrogen us Physical Properties of Hydrogen nto (Chemical Properties of Hydrogen un Different Forms of Hydrogen ite Hydrides is Water ray Hydrogen Peroxide in Problems wis Hints and Solutions ie x Contens Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 s-Block Elements” Group | Elements (Alkali Setals) General Characters Group 2 Elements: Alkaline Earth Metals General Characters ‘Chemical Properties Problems ‘Hints and Solutions Group 13 and Group 14 Elements Group 13 Elements General Characters Preparation Orthoboric Acid (H,B0,) Structure of Diborane (BH) Boron Nitride (BN) Borazine (ByNyH,) or Borazole Group 14 Elements (Carbon Family) General Characters Metal Carbides Carbon Dioxide (CO,) Carbon-monoxide (CO) Problems Hints and Solutions Group 15 and Group 16 Elements Group 15 Elements (Nitrogen Family) Hydrides of Group 15 Elements Oxides of Nitrogen Allotropes of Phosphorous ‘Oxy-Acids of Phosphorous ‘Group 16 Flements (Oxygen Family) General Characters Hydrides Allotropes of Sulphur ‘Oxo-acids of Sulphur ‘Comparison of Bleaching Action With Chlorine Problems Hints and Solutions A. Group 17 and Group 18 Elements Group 17 Elements: Halogen Family Halogen Acids {Group 18 Elements: Noble Gases Problems Hints and Solutions B. d and f-Block Elements Electronic Configuration Potassium Permanganate (KMn0,) 12.1-12.10 4 ra 124 Rs 12s 13. 14.10 15.1-15.1 1s Ba 136 159 1st 15.12-15.20 15.12 1313 Contents xl Potassium Dichromate(K;Cr,0;) 15.16 {Block Elements 1515 Other Properties 15:16 ‘Actinides 15.16 Problems i317 Hints and Solutions 15:19 Day 16 A. Coordination Chemistry 16.1-16.13 Coordination Compounds 161 “Types of Ligands 16.1 ‘Werner's Coordination Theory 163 Valence Bond Theory 163 Crystal Field Theory 168 Ligand Feld Theory 166 Organometlic Compounds 168 Probleme 169 Hits and Solutions 16.12 B. Environmental Pollution 16.14-16.22 Pollution and Ptlstans Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioride (CO) Oxides of Sulphur (SO, and $03) Oxides of Nitrogen (Mainly NO and NO;) Hydrocarbons CChloroftuorocarbons (Freons) Photochemical Oxidants Particulate Pollutants Greentlouse Effect Global Warming Acid Rain ‘Stratospheric Layer of Ozone ‘Water Pollution Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) ‘Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Soil Pollution Problems Hints and Solutions Day 17 Purification and Detection of Organic ‘Compounds Prrification ave nay titative Analysis ‘Becrminaton of Molecular Mass Probiems ‘Hines and Solutions Day 18 Nomenclature Nomenclature of Organic Compounds TUPAC System of Nomenclature of Aliphatic Compounds sil Contents Day 19 Day 20 Day 21 Day 22 Day 23 Problems 189 “Hn ond Solutions L 1s General Organic Chemistry 19.1-19.14 Isomerism 194 General Organic Chemistry 195 Resonance 197 “Types of Organi Reactions 198 Problems 199 Hints and Soltions 2 Aliphatic Hydi Alkanes Preparation of Alkanes Properties of Alkanes Alkenes Preparation of Alkenes Properties of Alkenes ‘Alkynes “Methods of Preparation of Alkynes Properties of Alkynes Problems Hints and Solutions y ‘Aromatic Hydrocarbons General Concepts ~ Some Species That are Aromatic Benzene “Methods of Preparation of Benzene Chemical Properties ‘Unexpected Products Some Reactions of Toluene and Other Derivatives ‘Activation and Deactivation| Directive Influence Problems Hines and Solutions Organic Compounds Containing Methods of Preparation Chemical Properties of Alky|Hatides Preparation of Aryl Halides Reactions of Chloroform Reactions of CCl, Preparation of Aryl Halides Problems Hint and Solutions Alcohéls and Phenols Methods of Preparation of Alcohols Physical Properties of Alcohols

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