Cengage Advantage Books: Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Compact

1452 Pages·2007·36.489 MB·English

by  John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Alice Fahs, Gary Gerstle

How to Use Maps in This Textbook
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Liberty, Equality, Power
A H I S T O R Y O F T H E A M E R I C A N P E O P L E
COMPACT FIFTH EDITION
John M.Murrin
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, EMERITUS
Paul E.Johnson
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, EMERITUS
James M.McPherson
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY, EMERITUS
Alice Fahs
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
Gary Gerstle
VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
Emily S.Rosenberg
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
Norman L.Rosenberg
MACALESTER COLLEGE
Australia • Brazil • Canada • Mexico • Singapore • Spain
United Kingdom • United States
Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People,Compact Fifth Edition
John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Alice Fahs, Gary Gerstle,
Emily S. Rosenberg, and Norman L. Rosenberg
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Student Edition
ISBN-13: 978-0-495-411017
ISBN-10: 0-495-41101-9
Instructor Edition
ISBN-13: 978-0-495-502432
ISBN-10: 0-495-50243-X
About the Authors
JOHN M. MURRIN Princeton University, Emeritus John M. Murrin is a spe-
cialist in American colonial and revolutionary history and the early republic. He
has edited one multivolume series and five books, including two co-edited col-
lections,Colonial America: Essays in Politics and Social Development,Fifth Edition
(2001), and Saints and Revolutionaries: Essays in Early American History(1984).
His own essays on early American history range from ethnic tensions, the early
history of trial by jury, the rise of the legal profession, and the political culture
of the colonies and the new nation, to the rise of professional baseball and col-
lege football in the 19th century. Professor Murrin served as president of the
Society for Historians of the Early American Republic in 1998–99.
PAUL E. JOHNSON University of South Carolina, Distinguished Professor
Emeritus A specialist in early national social and cultural history, Paul E.
Johnson is also the author of The Early American Republic,1789-1829 (2006);
Sam Patch, the Famous Jumper (2003);A Shopkeeper’s Millennium: Society and
Revivalsin Rochester, New York, 1815-1837,25th Anniversary Edition (2004);
co-author (with Sean Wilentz) of The Kingdom of Matthias: Sex and Salvation in
19th-Century America (1994); and editor of African-American Christianity:
Essays in History(1994). He has been awarded the Merle Curti Prize of the
Organizationof American Historians (1980), the Richard P. McCormack Prize of the New Jersey His-
torical Association (1989), and fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities
(1985–86), the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation (1995), and the Gilder Lehrman Institute
(2001) and the National Endowment for the Humanities We the People Fellowship (2006–2007).
JAMES M. McPHERSON Princeton University, Emeritus James M. McPherson
is a distinguished Civil War historian and was president of the American His-
torical Association in 2003. He won the 1989 Pulitzer Prize for his book Battle
Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. His other publications include Marching
Toward Freedom: Blacks in the Civil War, Second Edition (1991); Ordeal by
Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction,Third Edition (2001); Abraham Lincoln
and the Second American Revolution(1991);For Cause and Comrades: Why Men
Fought in the Civil War (1997), which won the Lincoln Prize in 1998; and
Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam(2002).
ALICEFAHS University of California, Irvine Alice Fahs is a specialist in
American cultural history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Her 2001 The Imagined
Civil War: Popular Literature of the North and South, 1861–1865was a finalist in
2002 for the Lincoln Prize. Together with Joan Waugh she published the edited
collectionThe Memory of the Civil War in American Culturein 2004; she has also
edited Louisa May Alcott’s Hospital Sketches(2004), an account of Alcott’snurs-
ing experiences during the Civil War first published in 1863. Fahs has pub-
lished on the cultural history of the Civil War and gender in such journals as
iv • About the Authors
theJournal of American History and Civil War History. Her honors include an American Council of Learned
Societies Fellowship and a Gilder Lehrman Fellowship, as well as fellowships from the AmericanAnti-
quarian Society, the Newberry Library, and the Huntington Library. She is currently at work on a
study of popular literary culture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, focused on the emergence
of mass-market newspapers during an age of imperialism.
GARY GERSTLE Vanderbilt University Gary Gerstle is a historian of the
20th-century United States. His books include Working-Class Americanism:
The Politics of Labor in a Textile City, 1914–1960(1989), and American Crucible:
Race and Nation in the Twentieth Century(2001), winner of the Saloutos Prize
for the best work in immigration and ethnic history. He has also published
three coedited works: The Rise and Fall of the New Deal Order, 1930–1980(1989);
E Pluribus Unum: Immigrants, Civic Culture, and Political Incorporation(2001); and
Ruling America: Wealth and Power in a Democracy(2005). His articles have ap-
peared in the American Historical Review, Journal of American History, American
Quarterly,and other journals. He has served on the board of editors of both the Journal of American
Historyand the American Historical Review. His honors include a National Endowment for the Hu-
manities Fellowship and a John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship.
EMILY S. ROSENBERG University of California, Irvine Emily S. Rosenberg
specializes in U.S. foreign relations in the 20th century and is the author of
Spreading the American Dream: American Economic and Cultural Expansion,
1890–1945(1982);Financial Missionaries to the World: The Politics and Culture
of Dollar Diplomacy(1999), which won the Ferrell Book Award; and A Date
Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory(2004). Her other publica-
tions include (with Norman L. Rosenberg) In Our Times: America Since 1945,
Seventh Edition (2003), and numerous articles dealing with foreign relations
in the context of international finance, American culture, and gender ideology. She has served on the
board of the Organization of American Historians, on the board of editors of the Journal of American
History,and as president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations.
NORMAN L. ROSENBERG Macalester College Norman L. Rosenberg spe-
cializes in legal history with a particular interest in legal culture and First
Amendment issues. His books include Protecting the “Best Men”: An Interpretive
History of the Law of Libel(1990) and (with Emily S. Rosenberg) In Our Times:
America Since 1945,Seventh Edition (2003). He has published articles in the
Rutgers Law Review, UCLA Law Review, Constitutional Commentary, Law & History
Review,and many other journals and law-related anthologies.
Contents in Brief
1 When Old Worlds Collide: Contact, Conquest, 17 Reconstruction, 1863–1877 • 625
Catastrophe • 1 18 A Transformed Nation: The West and the New
2 The Challenge to Spain and the Settlement of South, 1865–1900 • 659
North America • 43 19 The Emergence of Corporate America,
3 England Discovers Its Colonies: Empire, Liberty, 1865–1900 • 695
and Expansion • 90 20 An Industrial Society, 1900–1920 • 735
4 Provincial America and the Struggle for a 21 Progressivism • 771
Continent • 133
22 Becoming a World Power, 1898–1917 • 809
5 Reform, Resistance, Revolution • 181
23 War and Society, 1914–1920 • 839
6 The Revolutionary Republic • 221
24 The 1920s • 875
7 Completing the Revolution, 1789–1815 • 265
25 The Great Depression and the New Deal,
8 Northern Transformations, 1800–1830 • 307 1929–1939 • 919
9 The Old South, 1790–1850 • 341 26 America during the Second World War • 963
10 Toward an American Culture • 373 27 The Age of Containment, 1946–1953 • 1009
11 Democrats and Whigs • 411 28 Affluence and Its Discontents,
12 Whigs, Democrats, and the Shaping 1953–1963 • 1051
of Society • 453 29 America during Its Longest War,
13 Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty— 1963–1974 • 1103
Or Slavery? • 485 30 Power and Politics, 1974–1992 • 1155
14 The Gathering Tempest, 1853–1860 • 517 31 Economic, Social, and Cultural Change in the
15 Secession and Civil War, 1860–1862 • 555 Late 20th Century • 1203
16 A New Birth of Freedom, 1862–1865 • 590 32 Politics of Hope and Fear, 1993–2007 • 1231
Contents in Detail
Maps xx Conquest and Catastrophe • 32
History through Film xxi The Conquest of Mexico and Peru 32
To the Student: Why Study History? xxii North American Conquistadores
Preface xxiii and Missionaries 34
The Spanish Empire and Demographic Catastrophe 35
Brazil 37
1 Global Colossus, Global Economy 37
• When Old Worlds Collide:
Explanations: Patterns of Conquest, Submission,
Contact,Conquest,Catastrophe• 1
and Resistance • 39
Peoples in Motion •1 CONCLUSION • 41
From Beringia to the Americas 1
2
• The Challenge to Spain and the
CHRONOLOGY 2
The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture 3 Settlement of North America • 43
The Norsemen 5 The Protestant Reformation and the Challenge
Europe and the World by the 15th Century • 6 to Spain • 43
China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion 6
CHRONOLOGY 44
Europe versus Islam 7
New France • 45
The Legacy of the Crusades 8
Early French Explorers 45
The Unlikely Pioneer: Portugal 9
Missions and Furs 46
Africa, Colonies, and the Slave Trade 10
New France under Louis XIV 47
Portugal’s Asian Empire 13
The Dutch and Swedish Settlements • 49
Early Lessons 13
HISTORY THROUGH FILM BLACK ROBE 50
Spain, Columbus, and the Americas • 14
Columbus 14 The East and West India Companies 51
Spain and the Caribbean 16 New Netherland as a Pluralistic Society 52
Swedish and English Encroachments 52
The Emergence of Complex Societies
in the Americas • 17 The Challenge from Elizabethan England • 53
The Rise of Sedentary Cultures 17 The English Reformation 53
The Andes: Cycles of Complex Cultures 19 Hawkins and Drake 54
Inca Civilization 21 Gilbert, Ireland, and America 54
Mesoamerica: Cycles of Complex Cultures 21 Ralegh, Roanoke, and War with Spain 55
The Aztecs and Tenochtitlán 25 The Swarming of the English • 56
North American Mound Builders 26 The Chesapeake and West Indian Colonies • 58
Urban Cultures of the Southwest 28 The Jamestown Disaster 58
Contact and Cultural Misunderstanding • 29 Reorganization, Reform, and Crisis 59
Religious Dilemmas 29 Tobacco, Servants, and Survival 60
War as Cultural Misunderstanding 31 Maryland 62
Gender and Cultural Misunderstanding 31 Chesapeake Family Life 63