Cellular digital packet data

310 Pages·1996·2.144 MB·English

by  Muthuthamby Sreetharan, Rajiv Kumar

Cellular Digital Packet Data
For acompletelistingoftheArtechHouseMobilcomLibrary,
turntothebackofthisbook.
Cellular Digital Packet Data
Muthuthamby Sreetharan
Rajiv Kumar
Artech House
Boston • London
LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-PublicationData
Sreetharan,Muthuthamby
Cellulardigitalpacketdata/MuthuthambySreetharanandRajivKumar.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesand index.
ISBN0-89006-709-0(alk.paper)
1. Wireless communicationsystems. 2.Cellularradio. 3.Radio—Packet
transmission. I. Kumar, Rajiv. II. Title.
TK5103.2.S79 1996
004.6’6—dc20 96-13238
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Sreetharan,Muthuthamby
Cellulardigitalpacketdata
1. Mobilecommunicationssystems 2. CellularRadio 3. Wireless
communication systems
I. Title II.Kumar, Rajiv
621.3’8456
ISBN0-89006-709-0
CoverdesignbyKaraMunroe-Brown
© 1996ARTECH HOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood, MA02062
Allrightsreserved.Printedand boundinthe UnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbookmay be
reproducedorutilizedinany form orbyanymeans, electronic or mechanical,includingphotocopy-
ing, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing
fromthepublisher.
Alltermsmentionedinthisbook thatareknowntobetrademarksorservicemarkshavebeenap-
propriately capitalized.ArtechHouse cannotattesttotheaccuracy ofthisinformation.Useofaterm
inthisbook shouldnotberegardedasaffecting thevalidityofanytrademarkorservicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-89006-709-0
LibraryofCongress CatalogCardNumber:96-13238
109 876 543 21
Tomy mother, who perished duringthe1987Sri Lankan army’s onslaught on
Jaffna; tomyfather, who taught me,by example, theimportantvalues inlife;
and toyoung Tamilmen and womenwho gavetheir livesdefendingthe
freedomanddignityof the peopleof ThamilEelam.
— M. Sreetharan
To mywife,Amy,and daughter,Sonali,without whose support I would not
haveknownabout CDPD.
— RajivKumar
CELLULARDIGITALPACKETDATA
t t t
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 2
1.2 CellularDigitalPacketData(CDPD) 4
1.2.1 ABriefHistory 5
1.2.2 Overlayon AnalogCellular 6
1.2.3 Dedicated and Shared RF Channels 7
1.2.4 Network Connectivity 9
1.2.5 CDPDSystem Performance 9
1.3 CDPDApplications 11
1.3.1 Embedded Systems WithBursty DataTransfer
Requirements 11
1.3.2 HandheldInteractiveComputing 12
Chapter 2 WirelessTechnologiesWith DataCapability 15
2.1 CellularSystems Overview 16
2.1.1 The AMPSSystem 16
2.1.2 DigitalCellularSystems 21
2.2 Circuit-Switched Cellular 28
vii
viii CELLULARDIGITALPACKET DATA
2.3 Wireless DatainGSM-BasedSystems 30
2.4 Private PacketSystems 32
2.4.1 RAMData 33
2.4.2 ARDIS 33
2.4.3 Summary ofPrivatePacketNetworks 34
2.5 SpecializedMobileRadio 34
2.6 PersonalCommunication Services 35
2.6.1 Evolution ofCordlessPhones—TheCT Series 36
2.6.2 DECT 36
2.6.3 DCS-1800 38
2.6.4 N-CDMAand DS-SS 39
2.6.5 PCS TechnologyandStandards 40
2.6.6 MicrowaveRelocationforPCSDeployment 42
2.7 MobileSatelliteServices 42
2.7.1 Geosynchronous Systems 44
2.7.2 Low-Earth-Orbit Systems 44
2.8 Wireless LANs 46
2.9 Summary 48
Chapter 3 Architecture 51
3.1 ServiceProvider’s Perspectiveof theCDPD
Network Architecture 51
3.2 IntermediateSystems 55
3.3 MobileDataIntermediateSystem 55
3.4 MobileDataBaseStation 56
3.4.1 Channel Stream 56
3.5 Mobile-End System 56
3.5.1 Network Entity Identifier 57
3.5.2 M-ESInternalStructure 57
3.6 Fixed-EndSystem 58
3.7 Network Servers 59
3.7.1 AuthenticationServer 60
3.7.2 AccountingServer 60
3.7.3 Network ManagementServer 60
3.7.4 MessageTransfer Server 62
3.7.5 Location Server 62
3.8 Network Interfaces 62
3.8.1 The AInterface 63
3.8.2 The EInterface 63
3.8.3 The I Interface 63
3.9 CommunicationsArchitecture 63
3.9.1 ReferenceArchitecture 63
3.9.2 CDPDNetwork Subprofiles 64
Contents ix
Chapter 4 AirlinkInterface 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Overviewof DataFlow 69
4.3 MainFunctionsof theLayers 72
4.4 The PhysicalLayerFunctions 73
4.4.1 RF Channel Management 73
4.4.2 DataTransfer 74
4.4.3 Transmit PowerRequirements 74
4.4.4 Modulation/Demodulation 75
4.5 ModulationTechnique 76
4.5.1 SpectralEfficiencyConsiderations 76
4.5.2 Constant EnvelopeModulationSchemes 77
4.5.3 QPSK and OQPSK 78
4.5.4 Minimum ShiftKeying 79
4.5.5 GaussianMinimumShift Keying 81
4.6 MACLayerFunctions 83
4.6.1 MainMACLayerFunctions 83
4.6.2 Forward Channel 90
4.6.3 ReverseChannel 94
4.6.4 Channel TimingRequirements 98
4.7 Summary 101
Chapter 5 Link LayerProtocol 103
5.1 Introduction 103
5.2 Overviewof the Link Layer 104
5.2.1 ServicesOfferedby ThisLayer 105
5.2.2 Interfaces WithOtherProtocol Layers 106
5.3 Modelof Operation 109
5.3.1 UnacknowledgedOperation 109
5.3.2 Acknowledged Operation 110
5.3.3 TEI 110
5.3.4 DataLink States 113
5.4 Formats of Fields 113
5.4.1 ControlFieldParameters 113
5.4.2 Frame Types 115
5.5 Link EstablishmentProcedure 118
5.6 Sleep Mode 119
5.7 BroadcastDataTransfer 120
5.8 MulticastDataTransfer 121
5.9 TypicalFlowScenarios 121
5.9.1 MultipleFrame Operation Establishment 121
5.9.2 Acknowledged DataTransfer 122
x CELLULARDIGITALPACKETDATA
5.9.3 UnacknowledgedDataTransfer 122
5.9.4 Intra-AreaCellTransfer 123
Chapter 6 Subnetwork-Dependent ConvergenceProtocolLayer 127
6.1 NeedfortheSubnetworkProtocolLayer 127
6.1.1 MultipleNetwork ProtocolsThatUsethe
Link Layer 128
6.2 Overviewof SNDCP 128
6.2.1 Modelof Operation 128
6.2.2 SN-DATAProtocolDataUnit 131
6.3 HeaderCompression 132
6.3.1 TCP/IPProtocolHeader Compression 133
6.3.2 CLNP ProtocolHeader Compression 135
6.4 DataCompression 136
6.4.1 Modelof Operation 137
6.5 Segmentationand Reassembly 138
6.5.1 Segmentingand ReassemblyOver the
Acknowledged Class of Service 138
6.5.2 Segmentingand ReassemblyOver the
UnacknowledgedClass of Service 139
6.6 Encryptionand Decryption 140
Chapter 7 Radio ResourceManagement 141
7.1 Cell-BasedNetwork Architecture 141
7.1.1 Omni/SectoredCells 142
7.1.2 Adjacent Cells 142
7.1.3 Frequency Reuseand CellClusters 144
7.1.4 Adjacent Areas 145
7.1.5 CDPDFrequency Poolsand AMPSSystem 147
7.1.6 ColorCodes 148
7.2 Radio Resource Management: MainGoals 150
7.3 Radio Resource Management Protocol 151
7.3.1 MessageGeneralFormat 152
7.3.2 Information in RRMEMessages 153
7.4 KeyFunctionsof Radio ResourceManagement 159
7.4.1 RRMEs 159
7.4.2 MDBSRRMEFunctions 159
7.4.3 M-ESRRME Functions 163
7.5 Radio Frequency Coverage 174
7.5.1 CellBoundariesinAMPSand CDPD 175
7.5.2 Comparison of ReceiverSensitivities 176
7.5.3 Power Balance 179
Contents xi
Chapter 8 Mobilityof M-ESs 181
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 MobilityLevelsand Routing of NPDUs 182
8.2.1 CDPDEntities 182
8.2.2 ISO/IP Routing Framework 184
8.3 MobilityManagementElementsinM-ESs 188
8.4 MobilityManagementElementsinMD-ISs 188
8.4.1 MobileHomeFunction(MHF) 188
8.4.2 MobileServingFunction(MSF) 188
8.5 CellTransfer 189
8.5.1 Intra-AreaCellTransfer 189
8.5.2 Interarea CellTransfer 191
8.5.3 Routingof DataPackets 191
8.6 Mobilityof Multicast M-ESs 193
8.6.1 Registrationand LocationUpdate 193
8.6.2 Redirectionand Forwarding 193
8.7 MobileNetwork LocationProtocol(MNLP) 194
8.7.1 MNLP Overview 195
8.7.2 AddressingSchemefor MNLP Protocol 195
8.7.3 EncapsulationFormats 195
8.7.4 Information BaseWithin theMDIS 198
8.7.5 MNLP MessageFormats 199
8.7.6 MNLP ProtocolFunctions 205
8.8 MobileNetwork Registration Protocol 207
8.8.1 MNRP Overview 207
8.8.2 MNRP MessageFormats 208
8.8.3 MNLP ProtocolFunctions 211
8.9 Mobile-IP Protocol 212
Chapter 9 Network Management 215
9.1 Introduction 215
9.2 Overviewof CDPDNetwork Management 215
9.3 CDPDManagementFunctionsand Capabilities 216
9.3.1 Configuration Management 216
9.3.2 Fault Management 217
9.3.3 PerformanceManagement 219
9.3.4 ResourceManagement Functionson
CDPDNetwork Elements 220
9.4 SecurityManagement 222
9.4.1 Securityof Management 222
9.4.2 Managementof Security 222
9.4.3 AirlinkSecurity 224