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Methods in Molecular Biology 1036 Race L. Kao Editor Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Methods and Protocols M M B ™ ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hat fi eld, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK For further volumes: h ttp://www.springer.com/series/7651 Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Methods and Protocols Edited by Race L. Kao Department of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA Editor Race L. Kao Department of Surgery East Tennessee State University Johnson City, T N , USA ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-62703-510-1 ISBN 978-1-62703-511-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-62703-511-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013941035 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2 013 This work is subject to copyright. 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Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Ventricular muscle cells of adult mammals are terminally differentiated cells that have lost their ability to replicate for the repair or reconstitution of damaged myocardium. Adult mammalian ventricular myocardium lacks adequate regeneration capability, and an injured heart is normally repaired by scar formation, hypertrophy of surviving myocytes, and hyper- plasia of non-muscle cells. Cellular cardiomyoplasty is to use stem cells or progenitor cells for angiogenesis and myogenesis of injured heart to replace, repair, maintain, and enhance ventricular function of an ailing heart. Since we fi rst reported cellular cardiomyoplasty in 1989, successful outcomes have been confi rmed by experimental and clinical studies with exponential growth in the last two decades. Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells are the two major types of stem cells that have been used for experimental and clinical studies. Embryonic stem cells are totipotent cells that have the capability to differentiate into any type of cell in the body. However, their application in regenerative medicine is limited due to ethical concerns, formation of tera- toma, and possible rejection after utilization. Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells residing in differentiated tissues capable of self-renewal and proliferation to produce differentiated cells. Adult stem cells can yield the specialized cell types of the tissue from which it originated and are capable of developing into cell types that are characteristic of other tissues (plasticity). Self-renewal and plasticity of adult stem cells have been well established. Recently, the induction of pluripotent stem cell lines from adult cells has been successfully achieved in different laboratories. If autologous cells are used to develop the induced pluripotent stem cells, the ethical concerns and immune rejection will not limit their application. For this volume of cellular cardiomyoplasty, only adult stem cells or adult progenitor cells are included. The methods covered in this volume are contributed by pioneers and internationally well-known experts in cellular cardiomyoplasty. Not only the step-by-step detailed descrip- tion of the methods and procedures but also invaluable insight information to safeguard against potential pitfalls are provided. This volume will benefi t the cardiologist, cardiotho- racic surgeons, biologist (cell, molecular, or structural), biochemist, and physiologist who are interested in understanding and treating damaged myocardium and failing heart. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the contributing authors who have made this book possible. I also want to thank Professor Emeritus John M. Walker, the series editor, for his guidance, advice, and encouragement in editing this volume. Johnson City, TN , USA R ace L. Kao v Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1 Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: Its Past, Present, and Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Elizabeth K. Lamb, Grace W. Kao, and Race L. Kao 2 Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Grace W. Kao, Elizabeth K. Lamb, and Race L. Kao 3 Bone Marrow Stem Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Minh Ngoc Duong, Yu-Ting Ma, and Ray C.J. Chiu 4 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Isolation, Expansion and Characterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Miriam Araña, Manuel Mazo, Pablo Aranda, Beatriz Pelacho, and Felipe Prosper 5 Cardiac Side Population Cells and Sca-1-Positive Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Toshio Nagai, Katsuhisa Matsuura, and Issei Komuro 6 Two-Step Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Cardiospheres . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Lijuan Chen, Yaohua Pan, Lan Zhang, Yingjie Wang, Neal Weintraub, and Yaoliang Tang 7 Generation of Human iPSCs from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Non-integrative Sendai Virus in Chemically Defined Conditions. . . . . . 81 Jared M. Churko, Paul W. Burridge, and Joseph C. Wu 8 Identification of Stem Cells After Transplantation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Yingjie Wang, Lan Zhang, Yaohua Pan, Lijuan Chen, Neal Weintraub, and Yaoliang Tang 9 Methods to Study the Proliferation and Differentiation of Cardiac Side Population (CSP) Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Konstantina-Ioanna Sereti, Angelos Oikonomopoulos, Kazumasa Unno, and Ronglih Liao 10 Immune Responses After Mesenchymal Stem Cell Implantation . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Rony Atoui and Ray C.J. Chiu 11 Route of Delivery, Cell Retention, and Efficiency of Polymeric Microcapsules in Cellular Cardiomyoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Alice Le Huu, Arghya Paul, Satya Prakash, and Dominique Shum-Tim 12 Angiogenic Nanodelivery Systems for Myocardial Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Arghya Paul, Dominique Shum-Tim, and Satya Prakash vii viii Contents 13 Bio-hybrid Tissue Engineering for Cellular Cardiomyoplasty: Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Juan Carlos Chachques 14 Decellularized Whole Heart for Bioartificial Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 Hug Aubin, Alexander Kranz, Jörn Hülsmann, Artur Lichtenberg, and Payam Akhyari 15 Clinical Trials of Cardiac Repair with Adult Bone Marrow- Derived Cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Vinodh Jeevanantham, Mohammad R. Afzal, Ewa K. Zuba-Surma, and Buddhadeb Dawn 16 Clinical Study Using Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Ilia Alexander Panfilov, Renate de Jong, Shin-ichiro Takashima, and Henricus J. Duckers Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Contributors MOHAMMAD R. AFZAL • Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas City, KS , USA PAYAM AKHYARI • Department for Cardiovascular Surgery , Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf, Germany MIRIAM ARAÑA • Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research , Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain PABLO ARANDA • Laboratory of Cell Therapy, Division of Cancer, Foundation for Applied Medical Research , Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra , Pamplona, Spain RONY ATOUI • Division of Cardiac Surgery , Health Sciences North Sudbury , Greater Sudbury , ON , Canada HUG AUBIN • Department for Cardiovascular Surgery , Heinrich Heine University , Duesseldorf, Germany PAUL W. BURRIDGE • Department of Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA ; Department of Radiology, I nstitute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA JUAN CARLOS CHACHQUES • Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Laboratory of Biosurgical Research , Pompidou Hospital, University of Paris Descartes , Paris , France LIJUAN CHEN • Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine , College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH , USA RAY C. J. CHIU • Department of Surgery , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada JARED M. CHURKO • Department of Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA ; Department of Radiology, I nstitute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford , CA , USA BUDDHADEB DAWN • Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Kansas Medical Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute , Kansas City, KS , USA RENATE DE JONG • Molecular Cardiology Laboratory & Intervention Cardiology, Thoraxcenter Rotterdam , Rotterdam , The Netherlands HENRICUS J. DUCKERS • Department of Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology & Pulmonology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands MINH NGOC DUONG • Department of Surgery , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada ix