Cells, Membranes, and Disease, Including Renal PDF
Preview Cells, Membranes, and Disease, Including Renal
CELLS, MEMBRANES, AN D DISEASE, Including Renal METHODOLOGICAL SURVEYS IN BlOCH EMISTRY AN D ANALYSIS Series Editor: Eric Reid Guildford Academic Associates 72 The Chase Guildford GU2 5UL, United Kingdom The series is divided into Subseries A: Analysis, and B: Biochemistry Enquiries concerning Volumes 1-11 should be sent to the above address. Volumes 1-10 edited by Eric Reid Volume 1 (B): Separations with Zonal Rotors Volume 2 (B): Preparative Techniques Volume 3 (B): Advances with Zonal Rotors Volume 4 (B): Subcellular Studies Volume 5 (A): Assay of Drugs and Other Trace Compounds in Biological Fluids Volume 6 (B): Membranous Elements and Movement of Molecules Volume 7 (A): Blood· Drugs and Other Analytical Challenges Volume 8 (B): Cell Populations Volume 9 (B): Plant Organelles Volume 10 (A): Trace-Organic Sample Handling Volume 11 (B): Cancer-Cell Organelles Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre Volume 12 (A): Drug Metabolite Isolation and Determination Edited by Eric Reid and J. P. Leppard (includes a cumulative compound-type index) Volume 13 (B): Investigation of Membrane-Located Receptors Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre Volume 14 (A): Drug Determination in Therapeutic and Forensic Contexts Edited by Eric Reid and Ian D. Wilson Volume 15 (B): Investigation and Exploitation of Antibody Combining Sites Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and D. J. Morre Volume 16 (A): Bioactive Analytes, Including CNS Drugs, Peptides, and Enantiomers Edited by Eric Reid, Bryan Scales, and Ian D. Wilson Volume 17 (B): Cells, Membranes, and Disease, Including Renal Edited by Eric Reid, G. M. W. Cook, and J.P. Luzio A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon p~blication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. CELLS, MEMBRANES, AND DISEASE, Including Renal Edited by Eric Reid Guildford Academic Associates Guildford, United Kingdom and G. M. W. Cook and J. P. Luzio University of Cambridge Cambridge, United Kingdom PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data International Subcellular Methodology Forum (10th: 1986: University of Surrey) Cells, membranes, and disease, including renal. (Methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis; v. 17 (B)) "Based on the proceedings ofthe 10th International Subcellular Methodology Forum, held September 1-4, 1986, at the University of Surrey, in Guildford, United Kingdom" - T.p. verso. Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Pathology, Cellular-Methodology-Congresses. 2. Physiology, Pathological Methodology-Congresses. 3. Kidney-Diseases-Congresses.1. Reid, Eric, 1922- II. Cook, G. M. W. (Geoffrey Malcolm Weston), 1938- . III. luzio, J. P. IV. Series: Methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis; v. 17. V. Series: Methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis. Subseries B, Biochemistry. [DNlM: 1. Cell Mem branes-physiology-congresses. 2. Cells-physiology-congresses. 3. Diseases etiology-congresses. Wl ME9612NT v.17 1 QH 601 1633 1986c] RB25.156 1986 616.07'1 87-22060 ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1285-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-1283-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-1283-3 Based on the proceedings of the 10th International Subcellular Methodology Forum, held September 1-4, 1986, at the University of Surrey, in Guildford, United Kingdom © 1987 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1987 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher v Senior Editor's Preface This volume widens the topic span of the book series. It focuses on experimental and clinical pathology. It complements Vol. 11 (Cancer-Cell Organel les) and pays some attention to the matrix (notably collagen) as well as the cell. It also touches on pharmacological and nutritional abnormalities. Especial attention has been paid to proteolysis - a notable 'growth-area'. After a somewhat unproductive decade, prospects for elucidating the cellular basis of pathological changes do seem to be improving, as exemplified in this book. Certain kindred books (not methodology oriented) purport to survey cell pathology but are dominated by normal-cell observations, e.g. on membranes, of potential rather than present-day applicability to cell-pathology studies. This holds to some extent for the present book too. Yet its carefully chosen title is reckoned unlikely to raise false expectations, whilst open to criticism because Disease does not self-evidently embrace cell toxicology. At least the title is an improvement on that of the Forum which led to the book, as is amplified on p.xiv ('Forum Co-Organizer's Foreword'). As in the past, the aim of long-term usefulness without the shortcomings of typical 'Proceedings' was an incentive to optimizing the sequence of articles and to thorough edi ting and indexing. Certain special topics are colla ted in a Sub-Index. Appreciation is expressed to authors for 'finding time' to produce publication texts, even if delayed or requiring much editorial rectification - which earned gratifying compliments from some authors. Al terations to authors' texts were mainly for the sake of clarity, consistency or crispness, or of adherence to conventions mentioned below. No attempt was made to standardise terminology in respect of proteinases/proteases/peptidases (see art. #E-6), desirable though this might have been. Nor was action taken on two pet aversions, with no easy remedy, which are now aired (comments invited!).- Where a reaction mixture is kept for a set time at 0°, 'incubate' seems an unhappy term; likewise the term 'staining' where, in contexts such as electron microscopy, visualization does not involve a stain. Some authors who 'grew up' with subcellular discoveries (e.g. lysosomes, mid-1950's) and innovations (e.g. zonal rotors, mid-1960's) seemed to assume that younger readers would be equally knowledgeable and wary. For such readers, whose possible unfamiliarity with vital concepts such as enzyme latency warranted some editorial re-phrasings, there are some useful basic sources (besides Methods in Enzymology I e.g. Vol. 3lA), including: Subcellular Components (ed. G.D. Birnie; vi Preface & Abbreviations 2nd edn.; Butterworth}, Density Gradient Centrifugation (R. Hinton & M. Dobrota, in the North-Holland/Elsevier Laboroatory Techrriques series) and Centrifugation (ed. D. Rickwood; IRL Press). E. Reid's advocacy (in 1972) of 'differential pelleting' (counterpart: 'differential banding') as a clearer term than 'differential centrifugation' has gained adherents. Early 'B' volumes (up to Vol. 11) in the present series, as listed opposite the title page, also offer guidance on separating cells and subcellular elements, and on their characteri zation. The latter, often skimped, relies largely on judicious assays for markers, as amplified in a Forum-derived 'manifesto' by Morre et al. (1979; Eur. J. Cell Biol. 20, 195-199) aimed at the community of editors and referees as well as authors. Acknowledgements. - The Forum had the benefit of planning help from Honorary Advisers including both Co-Editors and Drs. W.H. Evans and T.J. Peters, and of support awards from Beechams Pharmaceuticals, Ciba-Geigy (Advanced Drug Delivery Research, Horsham) and the Cancer Research Campaign. Two academic participants had company support (LKB, Bromma; Nyegaard, Oslo). Certain publishers readily gave permission to reproduce published material, as acknowledged in individual articles. The cover 'logo' was adapted from a diagram in Membranes and their Cellular Functions (2nd edn., ed. J.B. Finean, R. Coleman & R.H. Michell; Blackwell, Oxford). Conventions and abbreviations.- For density (d) values, the unit (g/mI) is not usually stated. For mol. wts., commonly derived by comparison with reference proteins on gels, expression in Dal tons was felt less appropriate than Mr (or kMr , analogous to kDa). All temperatures (O) are in degrees Celsius. Units such as M (molar) have been favoured, although not conforming to SI practices. Abbreviations accepted by the BiochemicalJournal without definition need no explanation here - e.g. EDTA, Tris and, for absorbance, A (not O.D.). Other abbreviations have been defined in the articles concerned, but some warrant collation here: Ab, antibody (MAb = monoclonal) i.p., intraperitoneal BSA, bovine serum albumin i.v., intravenous ELISA, enzyme-linked immuno- LL, lipid-lowering (hypolipidaemic) absorbent assay PAGE, polyacrylamide gel e.m., electron microscopy/ electrophoresis micrograph p.m., plasma membrane e.r., endoplasmic reticulum RIA, radioimmunoassay FFE, free-flow electrophoresis s.a., specific activity HPLC, high-pressure liquid s.c., subcutaneous chromatography SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate Guildford Academic Associates ERIC REID 72 The Chase, Guildford 15 May 1987 Surrey GU2 5UL, U.K. vii Contents The SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS ('NOTES & COMMENTS') include discussion points. Senior Editor's Preface, with an abbreviations list .... ...... v List of Authors ...................................................................... xi Forum Co-Organizer' s Foreword .........................................: .... xi v fA INVESTIGATIVE APPROACHES TO ORGANELLE DISTURBANCES 1 #A-l Investigation of ischaemic effects on subcellular structures by centrifugation methods - ROBERT WATTIAUX, SIMONE WATTIAUX-DE CONINCK & VERONIQUE CARBONELLE ............ 3 #A-2 Investigation of subcellular derangements in human biopsy material - T.J. PETERS.......................................................... 13 #A-3 Analytical subcellular studies in alcoholic liver disease - T.J. PETERS ........................................................................ 25 #A-4 Methodological approaches in studies of altered mitochondrial and peroxisomal S-oxidation - HARALD OSMUNDSEN, KIM BARTLETT & H. STANLEY A. SHERRATT 35 #A-5 Pharmacological and toxicological aspects of peroxisome proliferators - R.K. BERGE, N. AARSlETHER, A. AARSLAND & T. GHEZAI .. 53 #A-6 Studies on the mechanisms of changes produced in the liver, thyroid, pancreas and kidney by hypolipidaemic drugs and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate - SHIRLEY C. PRICE, WILLIS OCHIENG, RICHARD WEAVER, GLEN FOX, FIONA E. MITCHELL, DAWN CHESCOE, JENNY MULLERVY & RICHARD H. HINTON .............. 67 #A-7 The use of cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes as an index of endoplasmic reticulum changes - G. GORDON GIBSON & RAJ SHARMA.. 79 IIA-8 Drug-induced mitochondrial proliferation - WILLIAM LIJINSKY.. 89 #A-9 Ultrastructural morphometric/biochemical approaches to assessing -metal-induced cell injury - BRUCE A. FOWLER .......... 99 #A-lO Iron overload, lysosomes and free radicals - M.J. O'CONNELL, R.J. WARD, H. BAUM & T.J. PETERS .............. 109 #A-Il Glucocerebrosidase, a membrane-associated lysosomal enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease - A.W. SCHRAM, J.M.F.G. AERTS, S. VAN WEELY, J.A. BARRANGER & J.M. TAGER ...... 113 #A-12 Cytochemical techniques applied to whole tissue and tissue homogenates - J.T.R. FITZSIMONS .............................. 127 #NC(A) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including a Note: 133 #NC(A)-l Immunoelectron microscopical localization of lysosomal hydrolases in normal and I-cell fibroblasts - R. WILLEMSEN, A. T. HOOGEVEEN, A.J.J. REUSER & J.M. VAN DONGEN .............. l35 viii Contents IB APPROACHES DEPENDING ON SURFACE DISTINCTIONS 141 #B-l Free-flow electrophoresis: its application to the separation of cells and cell membranes - J.M. GRAHAM, R.B.J. WILSON & K. PATEL .................................................... 143 #B-2 Counter-current chromatography as a tool in subcellular studies - IAN A. SUTHERLAND & DEBORAH HEYWOOOD-WADDINGTON 153 t1B-3 Flow cytometry: a tool in studying cellular derangements - M.G. ORMEROD .................................................. 161 #B-4 Interaction of Paf-acether with the human platelet: receptor binding and pharmacology - D. P. TUFF IN & P.J. WADE 171 tINC(B) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS 185 Ic PLASMA MEMBRANE AND CYTOSKELETON 187 #C-l Membrane-mediated cytotoxicity: measurement of changes and their prevention by divalent cations - C.A. PASTERNAK 189 #C-2 Complement-mediated plasma-membrane damage: effects on cell physiology, prospects of cell recovery and implications for dis~ase mechanisms - J. PAUL LUZIO, AREFAINE ABRAHA, PETER J. RICHARDSON, RICHARD A. DAW, CAROLINE A. SEWRY, B. PAUL MORGAN & ANTHONY K. CAMPBELL .. 199 #C-3 Erythrocyte membrane derangements associated with sickle cell disease - DAVID ALLAN & PRITt J. RAVAL .................... 211 #C-4 The membrane-cytoskeletal axis in phagocytosing PMN leucocytes and virally transformed fibroblasts - N. CRAWFORD, T.C. HOLME & S. KELLIE .................................. 219 #NC(C) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including Notes: 231 #NC(C)-l Studies on cell injury: effects of ion regulation on cell membranes and the cytoskeleton - BENJAMIN F. TRUMP & IRENE K. BEREZESKY ........................ 233 #NC(C)-2 The glycoproteins and fluidity of multinodular goiter euthyroid plasma membranes - H. DEPAUW, C. PEETERS, H.J. HILDERSON, M. DE WOLF, G. VAN DESSEL, A. LAGROU & W. DIERICK .................................................................... 235 ID EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES IN DIGESTIVE TISSUES 241 Art. #A-2 is also pertinent ID-i Gastroduodenal epithelial cells: the role of the apical membrane in mucosal protection - J.M. WILKES, H.J. BALLARD, J.A.E. LATHAH & B.H. HIRST .......................... 243 #D-2 Structural and functional aspects of the intestinal brush border - G.M. COWELL, E.M. DANIELSEN, S.U. FRIIS, S.U. GORR, G.H. HANSEN, O. NOREN, H. SJOSTROM & H. SKOVBJERG ............ 255 contents ix #D-3 Studies of the mechanisms of mucosal iron uptake - ROBERT J. SIMPSON & TIMOTHY J. PETERS ...... .......................... 269 #D-4 Pancreatic acinar cell plasma-membrane enzymes involved in stimulus-secretion coupling - R.L. DORMER & A.R. AL-MUTAIRY 273 INC (D) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS 285 IE STUDIES FOCUSED ON ENDOCYTOSIS, PROTEASES OR INVASIVENESS Art. #F-8 is also pertinent to proteases 287 #E-I Receptor-mediated uptake of a toxin which binds to plasma-membrane ion channels - P. N. STRONG & W. H. EVANS.... 289 #E-2 Lysosomal proteolysis in cultured hepatocytes - PETER BOHLEY, GABRIELE ADAM, WERNER HOCH & JURGEN KOPITZ 299 #E-3 Hepatic processing of insulin: characterization ano modulation - G.D. SMITH & J.R. CHRISTENSEN ........................ 307 #E-4 Receptor-mediated endocytosis in rat liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells, studied by means of subcellular fractionation in density gradients - G.M. KINDBERG, W. ESKILD, K-J. ANDERSEN, K.R. NaRUM & T. BERG .................. 315 #E-5 Use of chromogenic peptide substrates in the study of proteolytic enzymes and mechanisms regulating them - P. FRIBERGER .......................................................................... 327 #E-6 Peptidases in connective tissue degradation and remodelling in reproductive and invasive tissues - J. KEN McDONALD, CHRISTIAN SCHWABE & NOEL O. OWERS ................ 335 #E-7 Brain tumour cell invasion: possible role of lysosomal enzymes - KNUT-JAN ANDERSEN, ROLF BJERKVIG & OLE DIDRIK LAERUM ................................................................... 351 #E-8 Investigation of tumour-invasion mechanisms - M. MAREEL, F. VAN ROY, L. MESSIAEN, M. BRACKE, E. BOGHAERT & P. COOPMAN 359 #NC(E) SUPPLEMENTARY ITEMS including Notes on: 371 #NC(E)-l Plasma membrane distribution of metalloproteinases and cysteine proteinases in metastatic human cancer cells STANLEY ZUCKER, RITA M. LYSIK, JANINE WIEMAN & BERNARD LANE 373 #NCCE)-2 Proteases and oxidants in injury to alveolar epithelial cells caused by lung-derived neutrophils in vitro - KENNETH DONALDSON, JOAN SLIGHT & ROBERT E. BOLTON ........ 379 #NC(E)-3 Autophagy and protein degradation in rat hepatocytes, studied by means of subcellular fractionation in Nycodenz gradients - T. BERG, K.R. NORUM & G.M. KINDBERG 383 #NC(E)-4 Immunochemical techniques in the study of protein degradation with particular reference to collagen - GARRY J. RUCKLIDGE & VALERIE DEAN .................................... 387 x Contents IF RENAL INVESTIGATIONS 395 Other pertinent arts. include IIA-6, IIA-9 & IINC(E)-4 IIF-l A nuclear magnetic resonance approach to investigate the biochemical and molecular effects of nephrotoxins - J.K. NICHOLSON & K.P.R. GARTLAND ...................................... 397 IIF-2 Enzyme release in nephrotoxicity and renal disease - P.N. BOYD, J. P.AUIAN, S.A. TAYLOR & R.G. PRICE .................. 409 IIF-3 The investigation of subcellular derangements in nephrotoxicity - PETER H. BACH ............................................ 417 IIF-4 Heterogeneity and function of kidney cortex lysosomes - KNUT-JAN ANDERSEN & MILOSLAV DOBROTA ........ ................ ...... 427 IIF-5 Involvement of kidney lysosomes in the nephrotoxicity of cadmium and other metals - M. DOBROTA ............................ 433 IIF-6 Lysosomal populations in kidney cortex of rats with heavy proteinuria - H-J. HAGA, K-J. ANDERSEN, B.M. IVERSEN & M. DOBROTA ..................................................... 439 IIF-7 Immune derangements in experimental, toxin-induced autoimmune nephropathies - P. DRUET, L. PELLETIER, R. PASQUIER, J. ROSSERT, E. DRUET & F. HIRSCH .................. 445 IIF-8 Glomerular basement membrane and the inflammatory response - JOHN D. WILLIAMS & MALCOLM DAVIES .................................... 453 IIF-9 Biochemical and immunological characterization of basement membranes in renal disease - M. WONG, M. RAND-WEAVER, P. MITCHELL & R. G. PRICE ...................................................... 465 INC(F) SUPPLEKENTARY ITEMS 475 Subject Index .......................................................................... 479 lI1ith Sub-index ........................................................................ 490 for which the main notional key-words are: kidney / digestive sys tem / col lagen / invasiveness / degpadative proeeses including proteolysis / complement/ peptidaaes / ion movements & effects, incl. heavy metals; also (comprehensively for kidney & digestive system): subcellular isolations/microscopy / cellular phenomenal disturbances due to antibodies, toxins, etc.
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