CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS Eicosanoids, Cytokines, and Adhesion ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY Editorial Board: NATHAN BACK, State University of New York at Buffalo IRUN R. COHEN, The Weizmann Institute of Science DAVID KRITCHEVSKY, Wistar Institute ABEL LAJTHA, N.S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research RODOLFO PAOLETTI, University of Milan Recent Volumes in this Series Volume 308 CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN HYPERTENSION Edited by Robert H. Cox Volume 309A PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM IN MAN VII, Part A: Chemotherapy, A TP Depletion, and Gout Edited by R. Angus Harkness, Gertrude B. Elion, and Nepomuk Zollner Volume 309B PURINE AND PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM IN MAN VII, Part B: Structural Biochemistry, Pathogenesis, and Metabolism Edited by R. Angus Harkness, Gertrude B. Elion, and Nepomuk Zollner Volume 310 IMMUNOLOGY OF MILK AND THE NEONATE Edited by Jiri Mestecky, Claudia Blair, and Pearay L. Ogra Volume 311 EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING IN SKELETAL, CARDIAC, AND SMOOTH MUSCLE Edited by George B. Frank, C. Paul Bianchi, and Henk E. D. J. ter Keurs Volume 312 INNOVATIONS IN ANTIVIRAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE DETECTION OF VIRUS'INFECTION Edited by Timothy M. Block, Donald Jungkind, Richard Crowell, Mark Denison, and Lori R. Walsh Volume 313 HEPARIN AND RELATED POLYSACCHARIDES Edited by David A. Lane, I. Bjork, and Ulf Lindahl Volume 314 CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS: Eicosanoids, Cytokines, and Adhesion Edited by Patrick Y-K Wong and Charles N. Serhan A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher. CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN THE RELEASE OF INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS Eicosanoids, Cytokines, and Adhesion Edited by Patrick Y-K Wong New York Medical College Valhalla, New York and Charles N. Serhan Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts __P LENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Cell-cell interactIons in the release of Inflammatory mediators, eIcosanoid., cytokines. and adhesion I Bdlted by Patrl.k Y-K Wong and Charles ~. Serha~. p. cm. -- (Advances in experimental medicine and biology; V.314) "Based on the proceedings of the Federation of American Societies for ExperImental BIology Symposium on Cell-C~11 Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators, held Apri I 1-6, 1990, In Washington, D.C."--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Inflammation--Mediators--Congresses. 2. Cytokines--Congresses. 3. Eicosanoic acid--Derivatives--Congresses. 4. Cell adhesion- -Congresses. I. Wong, Patrick Y.-K. II. Serhan, Charles N. III. Federation of American Societies for ExperImental Biology Symposium on Cell-Cell Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators l1990 , Washington, D.C.) [DNLM, 1. Cell Adhesion--immunology--congresses. 2. Cytokines -immunology--cangresses. 3. Eicosanoids--immunology--congresses. 4. Immunity. Cellular--physiology--congresses. 5. Infla~mation- -immunology--congresses. OW 700 C3925 1990J RB131.C43 1991 616' .0473--dc20 DNLM/DLC for Library of Congress 91-45567 CIP Based on the proceedings of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Symposium on Cell-Cell Interactions in the Release of Inflammatory Mediators, held April 1-6, 1990, in Washington, D.C. ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6026-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-6024-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-6024-7 © 1991 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover lst edition 1991 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE This volume constitutes. in part. the proceedings of the symposium on "Cell-Cell Interaction and Release of Inflammatory Mediators" organized by Drs. Patrick Y-K Wong and Charles N. Serhan and presented at the FASEB meeting in Washington. D.C. in April. 1990. It contains chapters by the symposium speakers as well as contributions from investigators in this field. Readers will find exciting advances in this volume. which contains chapters dedicated to state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of Cell-Cell Interaction and the functions of released mediators in inflammatory diseases. This book includes "cutting edge" investigations on transcellular eicosanoid biosynthesis. cytokines. PAF, and adhesion as well as interactions of inflammatory cells with endothe 1 i um. 1u ng • and kidney. A1 s o. the contro 1 and regu 1a t ion of renal function by lipid mediators generated during cell-cell i nteracti ons between rena 1 mesangi a 1 cells and 1e ukocytes has generated insight into the cell biology and regulatory role of these mediators in the kidney. Moreover. the relationship between these areas is discussed in sequelae of both asthmatic and renal diseases. We hope that some of the enthusiasm and excitement present in this research are also evident here and that this volume will serve as a reference for researchers. teachers. and students to survey thi s rapidly growing field. The Editors v CONTENTS PART IA: LEUKOCYTES, ADHESION AND MEDIATORS Leukocyte Adhesion: Molecular Basis and Relevance in Inflammation 1 Manuel Pat arroyo , Lennart Lindbom, and Claes Lundberg Products of Inflammatory Cells Synergistically Enhance Superoxide Production by Phagocytic Leukocytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 John A. Badwey, Jiabing Ding, Paul G. Heyworth, and John M. Robinson Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and the Neutrophil: Mechanisms of Action ............... 35 Julian Gomez-Cambronero and Ramadan I. Sha'afi PART IB: TRANSCELLULAR EICOSANOID BIOSYNTHESIS Transcellular Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid in Platelets and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes Activated by Physiological Agonists: Enhancement of Leukotriene B4 Synthesis .. . .. 73 Remi Palmantier and Pierre Borgeat . Interactions of Platelets and Neutrophils in the Generation of Sulfidopeptide Leukotrienes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 91 Robert C. Murphy, Jacques Maclouf, and Peter M. Henson Red Cell-Neutrophil Interactions in the Regulation of Active Oxygen Species and Lipoxygenase Products .... 103 Arnold Stern The Lipoxin Biosynthetic Circuit and Their Actions with Human Neutrophils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Stefano Fiore, Mark E. Brezinski, Kelly-Ann Sheppard, and Charles N. Serhan Hepoxilins Modulate Second Messenger Systems in the Human Neutrophil ............ . . . . . 133 Cecil R. Pace-Asciak and Santosh Nigam PART II: VASCULAR INTERACTIONS Regulated Secretion in Vascular Endothelium. . . . . 141 Bruce M. Ewenstein, Brian C. Jacobson, and Kimberly A. Birch vii Role of Eicosanoids and the Cytokine Network in Transmembrane Signaling in Vascular Cells . . . . . . . 159 Kenneth B. Pomerantz and David P. Hajjar Lipoxins Inhibit Microvascular Inflammatory Actions of Leukotri ene B4 ............. . . . .. 185 Johan Raud, Ulla Palmertz, Sven-Erik Dahlen, and Per Hedqvist PART III: PAF, EICOSANOIDS AND CYTOKINES PAF and TNFa Interactions in the Pathophysiology of Septic Shock 193 Reuven Rabinovici, Tian Li Vue, Jerome Vernick, and Giora Feuerstein LTBA and PAF in the Cytokine Network 205 Marek Rola-Pleszczynski Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) - A Putative Mediator in Inflammatory Tissue Injury .......... . 223 Tian-Li Vue, Reuven Rabinovici, and Giora Feuerstein PART IV: INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN LUNG Transcellular Metabolism of Leukotrienes in the Lung 235 Timothy D. Bigby The Role of Lipid Mediators in Oxygen-Induced Lung Injury 251 Ronald B. Holtzman and Joseph R. Hageman Interactions Between Macrophages and Granulocytes in Bronchial Asthma .............. . 269 James R. Wilkinson, Stephen J. Lane, and Tak H. Lee Metabolism of Granulocyte-Derived Leukotriene A4 in Human Platelets and Respiratory Tissue: Transcellular Format i on of Li poxi ns and Leukotri enes ....... 281 Charlotte Edenius, Leif Stenke, Susanne Tornhamre, Katarina Heidvall, Inger Forsberg, Barbro Nasman-Glaser, and Jan-Ake Lindgren Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid by Isolated Lung Cells and Transcellular Biosynthesis of Thromboxanes ........ 289 Karim Maghni, Chantal Robidoux, Johanne Laporte, Annie Halee, Johanne Carrier, Pierre Borgeat, and Pierre Sirois PART V: CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS IN OTHER TISSUES The Role of Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase in Cells and Tissues Lacking 5-Li poxygenase ...................... 307 Hans-Erik Claesson, Jesper Z. Haeggstrom, Bjorn Odlander, Juan F. Medina, Anders Wetterholm, Per-Johan Jakobsson, and Olof Rcidmark Keratinocytes Can Regulate Prostaglandin Synthesis by Fibroblasts: Potential Roles for Interleukin 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 317 Marc E. Goldyne, Kerry L. Blacker, and Mary L. Williams viii Neutrophil-Epithelial Cell Interactions in the Intestine 329 James L. Madara, Shirin Nash, and Charles Parkos PART VI: INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS AND RENAL CELL INTERACTION Cell-Cell Interactions in the Regulation of Glomerular Inflammation by Arachidonate Lipoxygenase Products 335 Kamal F. Badr Neutrophil Adhesion to Glomerular Mesangial Cells: Regulation by Lipoxygenase-Derived Eicosanoids ...... 347 Hugh R. Brady, Mark D. Denton, Barry M. Brenner, and Charles N. Serhan Enzymatic Formation and Regulatory Function of Lipoxins and Leukotriene B4 in Rat Kidney Mesangial Cells 361 Renee Garrick and Patrick Y-K Wong Contributors 371 Index 377 ix LEUKOCYTE ADHESION: MOLECULAR BASIS AND RELEVANCE IN INFLAMMATION Manuel Patarroyo, Lennart Lindbom and Claes Lundberg Depts. of Immunology and Physiology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; and Inflammation Res., Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden INTRODUCTION Leukocytes interact with one another, with other cell types such as vascular endothelial cells, and with extracellular matrices to traffic to extravascular tissues, and to generate immune and inflammatory responses. Although some of these interactions are mediated by soluble molecules such as cytokines, others require firm leukocyte-cell or leukocyte-matrix stickiness, a process refered to as adhesion. This adhesiveness is transient and usually subsequent to cell activation. It has a molecular basis and a profound biological relevance in host defense and tissue injury. The present article will summarize our studies on the biology and molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion, and its central role in leukocyte functions and inflammatory responses. Comprehensive reviews have been recently published by usl - 4 and by other scientists5-7. PHORBOL ESTER-LYMPHOCYTE AGGREGATION: AN ADHESION-SPECIFIC ASSAY In early studies, phorbol ester was found to induce, at nanomolar concentrations, aggregation of human blood lymphocytes. The phenomenon occured within minutes, and was preceded by induction of morphological changes, such as uropod-like structures and membrane ruffles8,9 (Fig.I). Further analysis demonstrated that the cell aggregation was a metabolic process which required participation of microfilaments, preformed cell surface proteins and extracellular divalent cations, mainly Mg++ but also Ca++. It was then concluded that phorbol ester was able to induce a cell adhesive (binding) phenotype in lymphoid cells, and that cell surface moieties, refered to as cell adhesion (binding) molecules (CAMs), mediated this antigen- ...cell-eel/Interactions in the Release of Inflammalory Medialiors Edit ed by P. Y-K Wong and C.N. Serhan, Plenum Press, New York, 1991 Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrograph of aggregated blood lymphocytes after brief treatment with phorbol ester. Note the uropod-like structures and membrane ruffles of the aggregated cells. independent cell clustering1,8,9. In parallel studies other groups demons~rated that phorbol ester rapidly enters cells and that once in the cytoplasm this compound behaves as diacylglycerol, an endogenous intracellular messenger, and permanently activates protein kinase C (PKC)l. Thus, phorbol ester induces cellular responses, such as adhesion, by bypassing cell surface molecules which, under physiological conditions, mediate stimulus-recognition and activation events. These characteristics made the phorbol ester-induced lymphocyte aggregation an adhesion-specific assay, most suitable for identifying the CAMs with the aid of blocking antibodies. Leu-CAMs (CD11/CD18 MOLECULES) Mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) 60.3 was the first mAb in our hands, after testing more than 100, which was able to block.2 1th. e phorbol ester-induced lymphocyte aggregation10 (Fig The antibody had been recently reported by Beatty el al. 1 and defined a novel cell surface specificity common to human leukocytes, presently known as CD18. IgG and Fab fragments were similarly effective but did not inhibit, as expected, other simultaneous membrane processes, such as the morpholo~ical changes and lateral redistribution of membrane proteins O. Since the antibody also reacted strongly with 2
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