Cell and Muscle Motility

387 Pages·1985·43.147 MB·English

by  Guenter Albrecht-Buehler (auth.), Jerry W. Shay (eds.)

CELL MUSCLE
and
MOTILITY 6
JiJlume
Cell and Museie Motility
Advisory Editors:
B. R. Brinkley, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
Rohert M. Dowben, University of Texas Hea/th Science Center, Dallas
Setsuro Ebtuhi, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
Robert D. Goldman, Northwestern Medical School, Chicago
RaymondJ. Lasek, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland
Frank A. Pepe, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Keith R. Porter, University of Maryland, Catonsville
Andrew G. Szent-Gyorgyi, Brandeis University, Waltham
Edwin W. TayloT, University 0/ Chicago, Chicago
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.
For further information please contact the publisher.
CELL MUSCLE
and
MOTILITY
6
Volume
Edited by
Jerry W. Shay
University oJ Texas Health Science Center
Dallas, Texas
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
The Library of Congress cataloged the first volume of this tide as folIows:
Main entry under tide:
Cell and muscle motility.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
1. Muscle contraction. 2. Cells-Motility. I. Dowben, Robert M. 11. Shay, Jerry
W. [DNLM: 1. Cytology-Periodical. 2. Muscles-Periodical. 3. Movement-Peri
odical. Wl CE127).
QP321. C365 599.01'852 81-13827
ISBN 978-1-4757-4725-6 ISBN 978-1-4757-4723-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-4723-2
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originaily published by Plenum Press, New York in 1985.
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanicaI, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
Guenter Albrecht-Buehler, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, North
western U niversity, Chicago, Illinois 60611
Avri Ben-Ze'ev, Department of Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
Amico Bignami, Department of N europathology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, and Spinal Cord Injury Research, West Roxbury
Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
02132
Peter Cooke, The Open University Research Unit, Oxford OXI 5HR,
England
Doris Dahl, Department of Neuropathology, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts, and Spinal Cord Injury Research, West Roxbury
Veterans Administration Medical Center, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
02132
NickJ. Dibb, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Postgraduate
Medical School, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England
Hans M. Eppenberger, Institute for Cell Biology, Federal Institute of Tech
nology, ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Jonathan Karn, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Postgradu
ate Medical School, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England
Normand Marceau, Cancer Research Center, Hötel-Dieu Hospital, Depart
me nt of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada GIR 2J6
David M. Miller, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University Postgrad
uate Medical School, Cambridge CB2 2QH, England
Janet M. Oliver, Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School
of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
Michael R. Payne, Department of Anatomy, New York Medical College, Val
halla, New York 10595
Naomi L. Rothfield, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Medicine,
v
vi Contributors
University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
06032
Suzanne E. Rudnick, Department of Chemistry, Manhattan College, River
dale, New York 10471
Jean-Luc Senecal, Rheumatic Disease Unit, Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal,
Quebec Canada, H2L 4Ml
Sabine H. H. Swierenga, Drug Toxicology Division, Health and Welfare, Ot
tawa, Canada KIA OL2
Theo Wallimann, Institute for Cell Biology, Federal Institute of Technology,
ETH-Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
Kuan Wang, Clayton Foundation Biochemical Institute, Department of
Chemistry, and Cell Research Institute, The University ofTexas, Austin,
Texas 78712
Preface
The term cytoskeleton in muscle and nonmuscle cells refers to fibrous proteins
that are directly or indirectly associated with cell shape, contractility, and/or
motility. These cytoskeletal elements include microtubules and associated
proteins, microfilaments and their binding proteins, and lastly, intermediate
filaments. Even though the structure and function of myosin and tro
pomyosin have been extensively investigated in muscle ceIls, considerably less
is known about their functions in nonmuscle ceIls; they are often referred to
generically as actin-binding proteins, as are a-actinin, filamin, vinculin, and
others.
Indeed, most nonmuscle researchers are unaware that the term intermedi
ate filament was derived from the observation that the diameter of intermedi
ate filaments is intermediate between those of actin (5 nm) and myosin (15
nm) and not intermediate between those of actin (5 nm) and microtubules (25
nm).
It has therefore been the purpose of this series to attempt to bridge the
communication gap that appears to exist between muscle and nonmuscle
researchers. For those students and active scientists who are faced with the
task of absorbing new data and concepts at an ever-accelerating rate, review
essays are an excellent way to keep up. The essays in this volume, as weIl as in
the previous ones, focus on topics of current interest. They are intended to be
critical rather than exhaustive. The series is intended to foster an interchange
of concepts among workers in a variety of disciplines and to serve as a refer
ence for students and workers who wish to familiarize themselves with current
progress in the contractility and motility fields.
Jerry W. Shay
Dallas
vii
Contents
Chapter 1
Is Cytoplasm Intelligent Too?
Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
1. Introduetion................................................ 1
2. Cytoplasm: Compartments and Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
3. Cytoplasm as a Random Maehine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Cytoplasm as an Automatie Maehine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
5. Cytoplasm as an Intelligent Maehine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. ABrief Attempt to Plaee the Topic in Perspeetive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7. Cell Body Coordination:The Existenee of Mieroplasts. . . . . . . . . . . 8
8. Do Filopodia Probe the Way? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
9. Symmetrical Sister Cells-Predetermined Pathways? . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
10. Contaet Guidanee-Cell Decisions at the Crossroads? . . . . . . . . . . . 11
11. Group Migration-Communieation about Direetion?.. ......... 12
12. Centrioles and Cell Polarity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
13. Does the Strueture of Centrioles Imply Their Funetion? .... ~ . . . 15
14. Outline of a Coneept of Motility Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
15. Dumb versus Intelligent Maehines ............................ 19
15.1. Signals versus Forees......... .. .. .......... ........... . 19
15.2. Ambiguity of Response................................. 19
15.3. Aeeuraey and Adaptability........ .. . . ........ .......... 19
15.4. Expandability to Higher Degrees of Complexity . . . . . . . . . . 20
Referenees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
x Contents
Chapter 2
Cell Shape, the Complex Cellular Networks, and Gene Expression:
Cytoskeletal Protein Genes as a Model System
Avri Ben-Ze'ev
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.1. Cell Shape in Anchorage Dependence and Macromolecular
Metabolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.2. Cell Shape in Viral Replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.3. Cell Shape in Mitogenic Response and Differentiation. . . . . . 29
1.4. The Importance of Cell Shape in Karyokinesis and
Cytokinesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
1.5. Cell Shape in Transformation and in the Modulation of the
Metastatic Phenotype. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2. Cell Shape, Cytoskeleton, and Gene Expression: A Possible
Linkage...................................................... 35
2.1. Cell Morphology-Related Regulation of Tubulin Expression 36
2.2. Cell Configuration in the Control of Actin Gene Expression 37
2.3. Cell Shape-Related Control of Vimentin Synthesis ......... 41
2.4. Cell-Cell Interaction and Cell Shape in the Control of
Intermediate Filaments in Epithelial Cells in Culture . . . . . . . 43
3. Conclusion................................................... 49
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Chapter 3
Autoantibodies to the Cytoskeleton in Human Sera
Janet M. Oliver, Jean-Luc Senecal, and Naomi L. Rothfield
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2. Anticytoskeletal Antibodies: ADefinition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3. Detection of Anticytoskeletal Antibodies: The Critical Issue of
Fixation ..................................................... 58
4. Anticytoskeletal Autoantibodies in Connective Tissue Disease Sera 60
5. Anticytoskeletal Antibodies in Other Diseases ................... 66
6. Identification of Antigens That Recognize Anticytoskeletal
Antibodies in Human Sera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
7. Clinical Significance of Anticytoskeletal Autoantibodies. . . . . . . . . . . 70
8. Application of Anticytoskeletal Autoantibodies in Cell Biology . . . . 71
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71