Cell Adhesion Molecules: Cellular Recognition Mechanisms

291 Pages·1993·9.73 MB·English

by  Gerard Marguerie

CELL ADHESION
MOLECULES
Cellular Recognition Mechanisms
PEZCOLLER FOUNDATION SYMPOSIA
SERIES EDITOR:
Enrico Mihich, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
STANDING PEZCOLLER SYMPOSIA COMMITTEE:
Enrico Mihich, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
Giuseppe Bernardi, Pezcoller Foundation, Trento, Italy
Carlo Croce, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Giuseppe Della Porta, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
Vincent DeV ita, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York; New York
Giorgio Lenaz, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Arnold J. Levine, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
David M. Livingston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
Paolo Schlechter, Pezcoller Foundation, Trento, Italy
Ellen Solomon, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, England
Tadatsugu Taniguchi, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka, Japan
Fulvio Zuelli, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
PROGRAM COMMITTEE:
Enrico Mihich, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
Martin E. Hemler, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
Giuseppe Della Porta, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
Arnold J. Levine, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
David M. Livingston, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
Garth Nicolson, University of Texas System Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.
For further information please contact the publisher.
CELL ADHESION
MOLECULES
Cellular Recognition Mechanisms
Edited by
Martin E. Hemler
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts
and
Enrico Mihich
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Buffalo, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Cell adhesion molecules: cellular recognition mechanisms / edited by Martin E. Hem
ler and Enrico Mihich.
p. cm.-(Pezcoller Foundation symposia; 4)
"Proceedings of the Pezcoller Foundation Symposium on Adhesion Molecules:
Cellular Recognition Mechanisms, held June 24-26, 1992, in Rovereto, Italy"-T.p.
verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-306-44496-8
1. Cell adhesion molecules-Congresses. I. Hemler, Martin E. II. Mihich, Enrico.
III. Pezcoller Foundation Symposium on Adhesion Molecules: Cellular Recognition
Mechanisms (1992: Rovereto, Trento, Italy) IV. Series.
QP552.C42C45 1993 93-18554
574.87-<1c20 CIP
Proceedings of the Pezcoller Foundation Symposium on
Adhesion Molecules: Cellular Recognition Mechanisms,
held June 24-26, 1992, in Revereto, Italy
ISBN 0-306-44496-8
© 1993 Plenum Press, New York
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Professor Alessio Pezcoller
(Photo by Dino Panato, Trento, Italy)
THE PEZCOLLER FOUNDATION
The Pezcoller Foundation was created in 1979 by Professor Alessio Pezcoller
(1896-1993)" who was the chief surgeon of the S. Chiara Hospital in Trento from 1937 to
1966 and who gave a substantial portion of his estate to support its activities; the
Foundation also benefits from the cooperation of the Saving Bank Cassa di Risparmio di
Trento e Rovereto.
The main goal of this non-profit foundation IS to provide and recognize scientific
progress on life-threatening diseases, currently focusing on cancer. Towards this goal, the
Pezcoller Foundation awards, every two years, the Pezcoller Prize, recognizing highly
v
meritorious contributions to medical research; it also sponsors a series of annual symposia
promoting interactions among scientists working at the cutting edge of basic oncological
sciences.
The award selection process is managed by the European School of Oncology in
Milan, Italy, with the aid of an international committee of experts chaired by Professor U.
Veronesi.
The symposia are held in the Trentino Region of Northern Italy and their scientific
focus is selected by Enrico Mihich with the collaboration of an international Standing
Symposia Committee. A Program Committee determines the content of each symposium.
The first symposium focused on Drug Resistance: Mechanisms and Reversal (E.
Mihich, Chairman, 1989); the second on The Therapeutic Implications of the Molecular
Biology of Breast Cancer (ME Lippman and E. Mihich, Co-Chairmen, 1990); and the
third on Tumor Suppressor Genes (D.M Livingston and E. Mihich, Co-Chairmen, 1991).
The fifth symposium (J 993) will be focused on apoptosis (E. Mihich and R.T. Schimke,
Co-Chairmen)
Starting from this, the fourth symposium, the proceedings are published by Plenum
Press, New York.
vi
PREFACE
The Fourth Annual Pezcoller Symposium entitled Adhesion Molecules: Cellular
Recognition Mechanisms was held in Rovereto, Italy, June 24-26, 1992 and was focussed
on the detailed mechanisms whereby cells utilize certain integral membrane proteins to
perceive their surrounding environment and interact with it. With timely presentations and
stimulating discussions this Symposium addressed the genetics and biochemistry of
adhesion molecules, the regulation of their functions and their role in cancer and the
immune system. Emphasis was given to adhesion proteins in the integrin family because of
the widespread distribution of this group of molecules and its important role in essentially
all eukaryotic biological systems.
The regulation of integrin genes and their expression are discussed in detail, as are
specific aspects of the genetics of fibronectin. The molecular basis for the regulation of
certain integrins, the function of these proteins in determining cell adhesion, and the
consequences of this adhesion for the function of the cells involved are discussed. The
role of certain integrins in stimulating signal transduction, the essential involvement of
integrins in conditioning the function of T and NK cells function, the heterogeneity of
integrins and its biological consequences, and the role of cell adhesion molecules in tumor
cells invasion and metastases are all extensively analyzed. New information was presented
on the role of CD44 and splice variants in normal differentiation and tumor progression.
From the proceedings of this Symposium, it is clear that outstanding progress is being
made in the field of cell adhesion research. With the increasing identification of relevant
molecules, it has become possible to carry out precise molecular, genetic and biochemical
studies such as described herein.
We wish to thank the participants in the Symposium for their substantial
contributions and their participation in the spirited discussions which followed. We would
also like to thank Drs. G. Della Porta, A Levine, D. Livingston and G. Nicolson for their
valuable input as me,mbers of the Program Committee, Dr. E. Kastelec (Rome) for her
essential assistance in the organization of the Symposium, and Ms. A Toscani (Roswell
Park Cancer Institute) for her invaluable assistance in securing the prompt publication of
this volume. The aid of the Bank Cassa di Risparmio di Trento and Rovereto, and the
Municipal, Provincial and Regional Administrations in supporting this Symposium through
the Pezcoller Foundation are also acknowledged with deep appreciation.
Finally, we wish to thank the staff of Plenum Publishing Corporation for their
invaluable cooperation in the production of these Proceedings.
Martin Hemler
Enrico Mihich
vii
CONTENTS
Transcriptional Regulation of the a.II~ Integrin Gene
G. Marguerie and G. Uzan .................... .
Integrin Expression and Epithelial Cell DitTerentiation
V. Quaranta. . .................................................. . 13
Fibronectin Mutations in Mice
E.N. Georges, E.L. George, H. Rayburn and R.O. Hynes .................................. . 29
General Discussion Session I.. ..... ................................................... . 41
Regulation of ~ 1 Integrin-Mediated Adhesive Functions
F. Sanchez-Madrid, AG. Arroyo, M.R. Campanero and P. Sanchez-Mateos ....... 45
Elements for a StructurallFunctional Model of Human Platelet Plasma
Membrane Fibrinogen Receptor, the Glycoprotein IIblIIIa Complex
(Integrin a.IIb/~3)
J.J. Calvete ...................................................................................................... . 63
Extracellular and Intracellular Functions of VLA Proteins
M.E. Hemler, A Masumoto, B.M.e. Chan, P. Kassner and J. Teixid6...... ........ ... 93
Signal Transduction from Leukocyte Integrins
EJ. Brown.. ...................... ........................................................................... 105
Coordinate Role for Proteoglycans and Iotegrins in Cell Adhesion
J.B. McCarthy, AP.N. Skubitz, L.T. Furcht, E.A. Wayner and J. Iida..... 127
Adhesion Molecules at Endothelial Cell to Cell Junctions
M.G. Lampugnani, M. Resnati, M. Raiteri, M. Pittiglio, L. Ruco and E. Dejana... 149
Regulation of T Cell Adhesion with T Cell DitTerentiation and with Acute
Activation by MIP-l ~ Cytokine Immobilized on CD44 Proteoglycan
Y. Tanaka, DR Adams, T. Schweighoffer and S. Shaw ..................... . 165
IX
Activation of LF A-I: The L16 Epitope Is a Cation-Binding Reporter
e.G. Figdor and Y. van Kooyk ....................................................... ........ .. 181
Activation-Dependent Regulation of ~l Integrin Expression and Function in
Human Natural Killer Cells
A. Gismondi, F. Mainiero, G. Palmieri, S. Morrone, M. Milella, M. Piccoli,
L. Frati and A. Santoni.. ................................................. .............. 195
Interaction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes with Autologous Melanoma: Role of
Adhesion Molecules and ~ 1 Integrins
A. Anichini, R. Mortarini and G. Parmiani """."""""""""""""""""""""""""" 209
Tumor Cell-Endothelial Cell Interactions during Blood Borne Metastasis: Role
of Specific Adhesion, Motility, and Growth Molecules
G.L. Nicolson, TJ. Yeatman, R.J. Tressler, TV Updyke, J. Hamada and P.G.
Cavanaugh ................... ............................................................... ................ 221
Adhesion Mechanisms in Lymphoma and Carcinoma Metastasis
G. La Riviere, H. Kemperman, M. Driessens and E. Roos ................................. .. 245
CD44 and Splice Variants of CD44 in Normal DitTerentiation and Tumor
Progression
P Herrlich, W Rudy, M. Hofmann, R. Arch, M. Zoller, V. Zawadzki, C. Tolg,
A. Hekele, G. Koopman, S Pals, K.-H. Heider, J. Sleeman and H. Ponta....... 265
Subject Index ........................................................................................................ . 289
TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF THE aII~
INTEGRIN GENE
Gerard Marguerie and Georges Uzan
Laboratoire d'Hematolgoie
Departmement de Biologie Molecularire et Structurale
INSERM unite 217
CENG 85 X, 38041 Grenoble, Cedex, FRANCE
INTRODUCTION
The commitment of a totipotent hematopoietic stem cell and its terminal differentiation
into the different hematopoietic lineages are certainly controlled by switching on and off a
number of genes and by controlling the level of transcription of these genes. Despite the
large amount of information that has been accumulated on the role of growth factors and
cytokines in haematopoiesis, the role of transcriptional factors that are implicated in the
developmental program of haematopoietic cells is less understood. Within this process, the
megakaryocytic and erythroid lineage have multiple features in common. Both cells express
receptors for erythropoietin, which is one of the major regulatory factors of erythrocyte
production (Fraser et aI., 1989). Erythroid specific transactivating factors are also produced
in megakaryocytes and this includes GATAI (Martin et aI., 1990, Romeo et aI., 1990), and
NFE6 (Colin et aI., 1990). Finally, the existence of a bipotent erythro-megakaryocytic burst
forming cell has been suggested by clonal assays, using chromosomal markers (McLeod et
aI., 1989). Thus, there is ample evidence to suggest that the erythroid and megakaryocyte
lineage are genetically related.
Different strategies can be used to identify the mechanisms which control this
development phenomenon. One way would consist in examining the role of specific integrin
molecules. Adhesion to the stroma cells and their extra-cellular matrices is probably part of
these mechanisms. Integrin mediated adhesion can either locate progenitor cells in proximity
to high concentrations of specific growth factors or transduce a signal that ultimately will
lead to gene activation (Guau et aI., 1991). On the other hand lineage restricted factors
implicated in the establishment of a phenotype can be actived through their binding to cis
acting elements of promoter regions of cell specific genes. In our studies of the
megakaryocytic deyelopment leading to the production of circulating platelets, we use the
gene coding for the aII~ molecule as a specific marker.
The molecule is the chain of the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sensitive platelet
integrin aII~3, which expresses receptor function for fibrinogen, fibronectin and von
Willebrand factor (Plow et aI., 1987), and is exclusive implicated in platelet aggregation.
While the ~3 subunit is expressed in a variety of cells, including megakaryocyte fibroblasts,
endothelial cells and macro phages, the allb mRNA is only produced in megakaryocyte and at
an early stage ofmegakaryocytopoiesis (Molla et aI., submitted [1992]). For these reasons
we have focused our attentions on the transcriptional regulation of this gene, which
constitutes a good candidate to analyze megakaryocyte development.
Cell Adhesion Molecules. Edited by M.E. Hemler
and E. Mibich, Plenum Press, New York, 1993