AFRICAN HISTORIES AND MODERNITIES Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of ’Things Fall Apart‘ Edited by Désiré Baloubi · Christina R. Pinkston African Histories and Modernities Series Editors Toyin Falola The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA Matthew M. Heaton Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, USA This book series serves as a scholarly forum on African contributions to and negotiations of diverse modernities over time and space, with a par- ticular emphasis on historical developments. Specifically, it aims to refute the hegemonic conception of a singular modernity, Western in origin, spreading out to encompass the globe over the last several decades. Indeed, rather than reinforcing conceptual boundaries or parameters, the series instead looks to receive and respond to changing perspectives on an important but inherently nebulous idea, deliberately creating a space in which multiple modernities can interact, overlap, and conflict. While privi- leging works that emphasize historical change over time, the series will also feature scholarship that blurs the lines between the historical and the contemporary, recognizing the ways in which our changing understand- ings of modernity in the present have the capacity to affect the way we think about African and global histories. Editorial Board Akintunde Akinyemi, Literature, University of Florida, Gainesville Malami Buba, African Studies, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, South Korea Emmanuel Mbah, History, CUNY, College of Staten Island Insa Nolte, History, University of Birmingham Shadrack Wanjala Nasong’o, International Studies, Rhodes College Samuel Oloruntoba, Political Science, TMALI, University of South Africa Bridget Teboh, History, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14758 Désiré Baloubi • Christina R. Pinkston Editors Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of ‘Things Fall Apart’ Editors Désiré Baloubi Christina R. Pinkston Norfolk State University Norfolk State University Norfolk, VA, USA Norfolk, VA, USA ISSN 2634-5773 ISSN 2634-5781 (electronic) African Histories and Modernities ISBN 978-3-030-50796-1 ISBN 978-3-030-50797-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50797-8 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland To the memory of Chinua Achebe, to his wife, his children, and his extended family, as well as all those who believe in themselves and in others as equally important human beings. P reface Arguably, one of the most profound African-famed writers of his time and ours is, certainly, Chinua Achebe. His first novel, Things Fall Apart, remains a “must read” literary text for numerous notable reasons, as the authors make astutely clear in their chapters of this book. Their perspec- tives render thought-provoking, critically insightful, and well-intentioned considerations for scholars of all ages, cultures, and genders. Note, for example, Professor Kasongo Mulenda Kapanga who, in his article, con- tends that there are “irreconcilable differences” between the viewpoints of Joseph Conrad in his novel Heart of Darkness and Chinua Achebe in his book Things Fall Apart regarding Conrad’s “condescension of Africa.” Dr. Page Laws discusses “turning the tide for African literary criticism” as she examines Achebe’s “image of Africa” in her article. Among her many valid points, Dr. Laws mentions how Achebe—the individual and the writer of African descent—is “invisible to some readers [but] all-too-visi- ble to others.” The emphasis of her chapter concerns the “reception his- tory” of “Achebe’s lecture-essay, issues of fairness towards Conrad … plus ways that Achebe’s important essay informs the teaching of both authors today.” Other contributors to this important book analyze topics such as these. Dr. Désiré Baloubi “purports that Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have a vital role to play in a collective endeavor to reconnect America to Africa” in his chapter entitled “Encouraging American Historically Black Colleges and Universities to Teach African Languages and Cultures.” Author Martha Michieka discusses the notion of “two Englishes,” that is, she questions “whose language African vii viii PREFACE novelists use and … whose literature they produce” in her chapter “My English, My Literature: Owning Our African Englishes and Literatures.” She “proposes that the English Ogola and other African authors are entirely their own and the cultures they express fully African.” In brief, each writer in this noteworthy book deserves an audience as he or she details reasons why Chinua Achebe and his novel Things Fall Apart must continue to be celebrated beyond sixty years. Mentioned in this fore- word are just a few of the many authors in this book who should be heard, read, reviewed, and studied, for they separately make certain Chinua Achebe’s voice remain powerfully poignant, prominent, and prolific, today and for years to come. In closing, what can be learned from all the chap- ters, especially from those contributed by Professors Bernth Lindfors and Don Burness, is that Chinua Achebe deserves a masquerade. Reading his works “will free us from the darkness of ignorance and from the prison of Plato’s cave.” Norfolk, VA Christina R. Pinkston a cknowledgments We, Dr. Désiré Baloubi and Dr. Christina Pinkston, express deep gratitude to Professor Toyin Falola, who graciously introduced us to the publishers of this book. Special thanks go to Dr. Melvin T. Stith—Former Interim President of Norfolk State University (NSU)—and his Presidential Cabinet, Dr. Leroy Hamilton, Jr., and the Office of the Provost, Dr. Cassandra Newby-Alexander and Professor Chinedu Okala, Dean and Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, respectively. We also thank Dr. Page Laws, Former Dean of the NSU Honors College, who gave gen- erously of her time and provided her private home to accommodate spe- cial guests for the celebration of Chinua Achebe. Furthermore, we recognize all the members and leaders of the Southeast African Languages and Literatures Forum (SEALLF) for their invaluable support and contri- bution. Special thanks go to Professor Toyin Falola for his support. In addition, Dr. Baloubi and Dr. Pinkston thank the members of the local organizing committee of the Ninth SEALLF Annual Conference: Dr. Michele Rozga, Dr. Annie Perkins, Dr. Jocelyn Heath, and Ms. Annette Robinson. Above all, we give full credit to the NSU Department of English and Foreign Languages for taking the initiative to host the six- tieth anniversary of Things Fall Apart. Finally, we express tremendous appreciation to NSU students and fac- ulty campus-wide for attending the conference and assisting in any way possible to make the occasion a grand success. Most sincerely, we thank ix x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS everyone who made this dream a reality; the list is too long to name each person. Of course, we are grateful beyond measure to Don Burness and Bernth Lindfors for sharing their fond, precious, and personal memories of Chinua Achebe, which constitute the backbone of this book, truly a product of collective endeavors.