CDMA RF System Engineering

288 Pages·1998·0.918 MB·English

by  Samuel c. Yang

CDMA RF System Engineering
CDMA RF System Engineering
Samuel C. Yang
Artech House
Boston • London
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Yang,SamuelC.
CDMARFsystemengineering/SamuelC.Yang
p. cm.—(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationslibrary)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-89006-991-3(alk.paper)
1.Wirelesscommunicationsystems. 2.Codedivisionmultipleaccess.
3.Personalcommunicationservicesystems. I.Title. II.Series.
TK5103.2.Y36 1998
621.3845—dc21 98-10451
CIP
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
Yang,SamuelC.
CDMARFsystemengineering—(ArtechHousemobilecommunicationslibrary)
1.Codedivisionmultipleaccess
I.Title
621.3’845
ISBN0-89006-991-3
CoverdesignbyNinaY.Hsiao
©1998ARTECHHOUSE,INC.
685CantonStreet
Norwood,MA02062
All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book
maybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,including
photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permis-
sioninwritingfromthepublisher.
All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have
beenappropriatelycapitalized.ArtechHousecannotattesttotheaccuracyofthisinformation.
Useofaterminthisbookshouldnotberegardedasaffectingthevalidityofanytrademarkor
servicemark.
InternationalStandardBookNumber:0-89006-991-3
LibraryofCongressCatalogCardNumber:98-10451
10987654321
TomylovingparentsJohnandHannah,
mycaringsistersEstherandNina,
andmypreciouswifeJenny
Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 MultipleAccessUsingSpreadSpectrum 2
1.3 ApplicationsofDS-SSinMobileCommunication 9
2 RadioPropagation 13
2.1 LinkAnalysis 13
2.2 PropagationLoss 14
2.2.1 Free-SpaceModel 15
2.2.2 LeeModel 15
2.2.3 HataModel 16
2.2.4 Observations 17
2.3 Shadowing 19
2.4 MultipathRayleighFading 19
2.5 MultipathDelaySpread 23
vii
viii CDMARFSystemEngineering
3 FundamentalsofDigitalRFCommunication 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 SystemComponents 31
3.3 SourceCoding 32
3.3.1 CharacteristicsofHumanSpeech 33
3.3.2 Vocoders 34
3.4 ChannelCoding 36
3.4.1 LinearBlockCodes 37
3.4.2 ConvolutionalCodes 41
3.4.3 Interleaving 43
3.5 MultipleAccess 43
3.5.1 WalshCodes 46
3.5.2 PNCodes 51
3.6 Modulation 58
3.6.1 BinaryPhase-ShiftKeying(BPSK) 58
3.6.2 QuadraturePhase-ShiftKeying(QPSK) 66
3.6.3 ApplicationsinIS-95CDMASystem 72
4 PrinciplesofCodeDivisionMultipleAccess 75
4.1 Introduction 75
4.2 Capacity 75
4.2.1 EffectsofLoading 78
4.2.2 EffectsofSectorization 79
4.2.3 EffectsofVoiceActivity 82
4.3 PowerControl 83
4.3.1 WhyPowerControl? 83
4.3.2 ReverseLink 85
4.3.3 ForwardLink 94
4.4 Handoff 94
4.4.1 SetMaintenance 99
Contents ix
4.4.2 HandoffProcess 100
4.4.3 PilotSearch 102
5 LinkStructure 105
5.1 AsymmetricLinks 105
5.2 ForwardLink 105
5.2.1 PilotChannel 106
5.2.2 SyncChannel 106
5.2.3 PagingChannel 109
5.2.4 TrafficChannel 114
5.2.5 Modulator 118
5.3 ReverseLink 118
5.3.1 AccessChannel 119
5.3.2 TrafficChannel 122
5.4 TrafficChannelFormats 125
5.4.1 ForwardLink 128
5.4.2 ReverseLink 130
6 CallProcessing 133
6.1 CallProcessingStates 133
6.2 InitializationState 135
6.2.1 SystemDeterminationSubstate 135
6.2.2 PilotChannelAcquisitionSubstate 135
6.2.3 SyncChannelAcquisitionSubstate 135
6.2.4 TimingChangeSubstate 136
6.3 IdleState 136
6.3.1 PagingChannelMonitoring 136
6.3.2 IdleHandoff 137
6.3.3 PagingChannelMessages 137
6.4 AccessState 139
6.4.1 UpdateOverheadInformationSubstate 139
x CDMARFSystemEngineering
6.4.2 PageResponseSubstate 140
6.4.3 MobileStationOriginationAttemptSubstate 140
6.4.4 RegistrationAccessSubstate 140
6.4.5 MobileStationOrder/MessageResponseSubstate 140
6.4.6 MobileStationMessageTransmissionSubstate 141
6.4.7 AccessProcedures 141
6.5 TrafficChannelState 145
6.5.1 TrafficChannelInitializationSubstate 145
6.5.2 WaitingforOrderSubstate 146
6.5.3 WaitingforMobileStationAnswerSubstate 146
6.5.4 ConversationSubstate 147
6.5.5 ReleaseSubstate 147
7 CDMADesignEngineering 149
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 ForwardLinkAnalysis 149
7.2.1 PilotChannel 149
7.2.2 TrafficChannel 156
7.3 ReverseLink 158
7.3.1 TrafficChannel 159
7.3.2 Reverse-LinkRise 163
7.3.3 FrequencyReuseFactor 164
7.4 PNOffsetPlanning 165
7.4.1 ShortPNSequences 165
7.4.2 Co-PNOffset 168
7.4.3 AdjacentPNOffset 171
7.5 9.6-Kbpsand14.4-KbpsSystems 174
7.5.1 VoiceQuality 174
7.5.2 PowerControl—ForwardLink 175
7.5.3 Coverage 176
7.5.4 Capacity 179
Contents xi
8 CDMAPerformanceEngineering 181
8.1 Introduction 181
8.2 ChannelSupervision 181
8.2.1 ForwardLink 181
8.2.2 ReverseLink 182
8.3 Power-ControlParameters 182
8.4 Search-WindowSizes 184
8.4.1 SRCH_WIN_A 184
8.4.2 SRCH_WIN_NandSRCH_WIN_R 187
8.5 FieldOptimization 189
8.5.1 PilotStrength 190
8.5.2 FER 190
8.5.3 ForwardLinkCoverage 190
8.5.4 Forward-LinkInterference 191
8.5.5 Reverse-LinkCoverage 192
8.5.6 Reverse-LinkInterference 192
8.5.7 SomeConcludingRemarks 193
9 SystemNoiseManagement 195
9.1 Introduction 195
9.2 TypesofInterference 196
9.2.1 ForwardLink 196
9.2.2 ReverseLink 197
9.3 ThermalNoise 198
9.4 Low-NoiseAmplifier 199
9.4.1 BaselineSystemWithoutLNAs 200
9.4.2 SystemWithLNA 202
9.4.3 Signal-to-NoiseRatioImprovement 205
9.4.4 CapacityImprovement 208
9.5 Intermodulation 208
xii CDMARFSystemEngineering
9.5.1 IntermodulationTheory 208
9.5.2 CDMAScenario 213
9.6 InterferenceDuetoOtherMobiles 215
10 CDMATrafficEngineering 217
10.1 Introduction 217
10.2 FundamentalConcepts 218
10.2.1 TrafficIntensity 218
10.2.2 Loads 220
10.3 GradeofService 220
10.3.1 Erlang-BModel 221
10.3.2 Erlang-CModel 223
10.4 CDMAApplications 225
10.4.1 SoftBlocking 225
10.4.2 HardBlocking 231
11 ManagementInformationSystemsforPersonal
CommunicationNetworks 235
11.1 Introduction 235
11.2 ManagementInformationSystems 236
11.2.1 InformationSystemandControl 236
11.2.2 ClassesofDecisions 238
11.3 NetworkManagement 240
11.3.1 FaultManagement 240
11.3.2 PerformanceManagement 242
11.3.3 ConfigurationManagement 243
11.3.4 Planning 244
11.3.5 CallAccounting 245
11.4 ConcludingRemarks 246
12 RFRegulatoryConsiderations 249
12.1 Motivation 249