CDM regulations 2015 explained PDF
Preview CDM regulations 2015 explained
CDM Regulations 2015 Explained Raymond Joyce BSc, MSc, LLB, CEng, FICE Freeths LLP, UK PublishedbyICEPublishing,OneGreatGeorgeStreet,Westminster, LondonSW1P3AA. FulldetailsofICEPublishingsalesrepresentativesanddistributorscan befoundat: www.icevirtuallibrary.com/info/printbooksales OthertitlesbyICEPublishing: PracticalGuidetoUsingtheCDMRegulations2015. TonyPutsmanandPaulMcArthur.ISBN978-0-7277-5990-0 CDM2015QuestionsandAnswers.PatPerry.ISBN978-0-7277-6032-6 ICEManualofHealthandSafetyinConstruction,2ndedition. CiaranMcAleenanandDavidOloke(eds.).ISBN978-0-7277-6010-4 TheCDMRegulationsExplained,publishedin1995. ISBN978-0-7277-2034-4 TheCDMRegulationsExplained,2ndedition,publishedin2001. ISBN978-0-7277-3036-7 CDMRegulations2007Explained,publishedin2007. ISBN978-0-7277-3496-9 Thisedition,CDMRegulations2015Explained,publishedin2015 www.icevirtuallibrary.com AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN978-0-7277-6009-8 #ThomasTelfordLimited2015 ICEPublishingisadivisionofThomasTelfordLtd,awholly-owned subsidiaryoftheInstitutionofCivilEngineers(ICE). Allrights,includingtranslation,reserved.Exceptaspermittedbythe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,nopartofthispublicationmay bereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorby anymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopyingorotherwise,without thepriorwrittenpermissionofthePublisher,ICEPublishing,OneGreat GeorgeStreet,Westminster,LondonSW1P3AA. Thisbookispublishedontheunderstandingthattheauthorissolely responsibleforthestatementsmadeandopinionsexpressedinitand thatitspublicationdoesnotnecessarilyimplythatsuchstatementsand/ oropinionsareorreflecttheviewsoropinionsofthepublishers.Whilst everyefforthasbeenmadetoensurethatthestatementsmadeandthe opinionsexpressedinthispublicationprovideasafeandaccurateguide, noliabilityorresponsibilitycanbeacceptedinthisrespectbytheauthor orpublishers. Whilsteveryreasonableefforthasbeenundertakenbytheauthorand thepublishertoacknowledgecopyrightonmaterialreproduced,if therehasbeenanoversightpleasecontactthepublisherandwewill endeavourtocorrectthisuponareprint. Wordsimportingthemasculinegenderonlyshallincludethefeminine genderandviceversaasapplicable. ContainspublicsectorinformationpublishedbytheHealthandSafety ExecutiveandlicensedunderthetermsoftheOpenGovernment Licencev1.0,v2.0andv3.0. CommissioningEditor:AmberThomas ProductionEditor:RebeccaTaylor MarketDevelopmentExecutive:ElizabethHobson TypesetbyAcademic+Technical,Bristol IndexcreatedbyIndexingSpecialists(UK)Ltd,Hove,EastSussex PrintedandboundbyAshfordColourPress,Gosport Preface Weintheconstructionindustryhavelivedwiththe Construction(DesignandManagement)Regulations –commonlyreferredtoastheCDMRegulations– forover20yearsand,asiftoavoidcomplacency, anewversionoftheRegulationscameintoforceon 6April2015. Thechangesinthe2015Regulationsaretheresultof ahardpruningthathasreducedthewordcount,put moreresponsibilityontheclient,changedthe arrangementsfordomesticworkandintroduceda newrole,referredtoastheprincipaldesigner.This bookisthereforeentirelydifferentfrommyearlier booksonthe1994and2007Regulations. ThechangesensurethattheCDMRegulations remaincentrestageforlegislationthataffectsthe constructionindustry.Intheirthirdversion,itis questionablewhetherthelatestrevisiontothe RegulationsrepresentsatriumphofEuropean jurisdictionoverUKsovereignty,thelobbyingof businessinterestsofthosewithintheconstruction industryanditsclients,orastraightforward responsetocontinuetoimprovethehealthand safetyrecordoftheconstructionindustry,orall three! TheCDMRegulationsrepresentthelatestinitiative toimprovethehealthandsafetyrecordofthe constructionindustrybyinfluencingthedesign, managementandconstructionprocesses.Formost readersofthisbook,itwillbeimportanttothemto haveanauthoritativeexplanationoftheRegulations andinsightastohowtheyarelikelytoaffecttheir ownprofessionalandbusinessinterests.The Regulationsestablishprinciplestoimprovehealth andsafetymanagementandavoidaneasy prescriptiveapproach,whichrequiresdesignersand clientstoexercisejudgement.Theonusondesigners toavoidhazardsormitigateriskstohealthand safetyshouldstimulateinnovativedesignsolutions. IaminnodoubtthattheRegulationswillcontinue tobeacontroversialsourceofdebateandasubject oflobbying,partlyencouragedbytheSecretaryof ix State’sobligationtocarryoutareviewofthe Regulationsevery5years.Inthemeantime,the2015 Regulationspresentmanychallenges,whichIhope willbefacedandovercomewiththehelpofthis book.ThenewRegulationsalsocoincidewiththe digitalrevolutionintheconstructionindustrythat makespossibletheBuildingInformationModelling (BIM)initiative.TheapplicationoftheRegulations willbemadeeasierbyBIM,tothebenefitofdesign- drivenimprovementsinhealthandsafety management. Ioweadebtofgratitudetomanycolleaguesand clients,toomanytomention,whohaveensuredthat theCDMRegulationshaveneverbeenfarfrommy workasaconstructionsolicitor.Mygratitudeto Yvonne,mywife,representsthelargestdebtbecause itisshewhohaslivedthroughtheCDMstoryand thislatestchapterwithpatienceandgoodhumour! x Contents Preface ix Abouttheauthor xi Tableofcases xiii TableofUKstatutes xv Tableofstatutoryinstruments xvii Abbreviations xix 01 ............................ Introduction 1 HavetheCDMRegulationsimprovedthehealth andsafetyrecord? 1 TheoriginandevolutionoftheCDMRegulations 2 02 ............................ Frameworkofhealthandsafetylaw 7 Introduction 7 Commonlaw 7 UKlegislation 9 Europeanhealthandsafetyinitiative 11 03 ............................ AnoverviewoftheRegulations 13 Introduction 13 ApplicationoftheRegulations 14 Notification 17 Dutyholders 19 Constructionphaseplan 21 Healthandsafetyfile 21 Revocationsandamendments 22 PeriodicreviewoftheRegulations 22 Publishedguidance 22 04 ............................ Generaldutiesandprinciples 23 Introduction 23 Appointingacontractor 23 Cooperation 25 Dutytowarn 25 Prevention 26 Communicationanddocumentation 28 05 ............................ Provisionsforthewelfareofworkers 31 Introduction 31 Duties 31 Sanitaryconveniences 33 Washingfacilities 34 Drinkingwater 35 Changingroomsandlockers 36 v Facilitiesforrest 36 Firstaid 37 Concludingremarks 37 06 ............................ Considerationforhazardousoperations 39 Introduction 39 Dutiesrelatingtohealthandsafetyon constructionsites 39 Safeplacesofconstructionwork 40 Sitemovement 42 Siteenvironment 49 Constructionofstructures 52 Specifichazards 59 07 ............................ Suitable,sufficientandcompetent 65 Introduction 65 Thetestofsuitabilityandcompetence 65 Competenceforindividuals 66 08 ............................ Theclient 69 Introduction 69 Clienttypes 70 Agreementbetweenclients 74 Generalduties 75 Dutytomakeappointments 79 09 ............................ Theprincipaldesigner 85 Introduction 85 Definition 86 Appointmentoftheprincipaldesigner 86 Whocanbetheprincipaldesigner? 88 Dutiesoftheprincipaldesigner 91 10 ............................ Thedesigner 101 Whoisadesigner? 101 Whatisdesign? 101 Selectingadesigner 104 Theclientasdesigner 105 Acontractorasdesigner 105 Dutiesofdesigners 105 Designspreparedormodifiedoutsideof GreatBritain 113 11 ............................ Theprincipalcontractor 115 Introduction 115 vi Definition 115 Selectingaprincipalcontractor 116 Dutiesoftheprincipalcontractor 118 Consultationandengagementwithworkers 125 Powersoftheprincipalcontractor 128 12 ............................ Thecontractor 131 Definition 131 Selectingacontractor 131 Dutiesofcontractors 132 13 ............................ Theconstructionphaseplan 143 Definition 143 Background 143 Thedutytoprepareandmonitorthe constructionphaseplan 144 Theclient’sinvolvementintheconstruction phaseplan 146 Contentwithinaconstructionphaseplan 147 Checklistofmattersforinclusionina constructionphaseplan 148 14 ............................ Thehealthandsafetyfile 151 Definition 151 Whatinformationshouldbeincludedina healthandsafetyfile? 151 Whotakesresponsibilityforthehealthand safetyfile? 153 Whathappenstothehealthandsafetyfileon completionoftheconstructionwork? 155 15 ............................ Contractdocumentation 157 Introduction 157 Clientsandagreement 157 Theprofessionalappointments–dutyofcare 158 Termsofengagementoftheprincipaldesigner 159 Termsofengagementofdesigners 160 Contractors’tenderdocumentation 161 Constructioncontracts 161 16 ............................ Criminalandcivilliabilityandenforcement 163 Healthandsafetyandthepublicdebate 163 Enforcement 164 vii Criminalproceedings 166 Civilliability 169 17 ............................ Transitionalandsavingprovisions 171 Introduction 171 ProjectswithnoexistingCDMcoordinatoror principalcontractor 171 ProjectswithanexistingCDMcoordinator 173 Projectswithonlyonecontractor 175 Bibliography 177 Appendix1..................... The‘haveyoudone’checklists 181 Appendix2..................... Construction(DesignandManagement) Regulations2015 197 Appendix3..................... TemporaryorMobileConstructionSites Directive 231 Appendix4..................... Pre-constructioninformation 259 Appendix5..................... HealthandSafety(EnforcingAuthority) Regulations1998 263 Index 265 viii Table of cases Bolamv.FriernHospitalManagement Committee[1957]2AllER118 ............. 159 Brazierv.SkiptonRockCo.Ltd[1962]1All ER955............................... 67 Edwardsv.NationalCoalBoard[1949]All ER743(CA)........................... 8 Gibsonv.SkibsA/SMarina[1966]2AllER 476.................................. 67 IndependentBroadcastingAuthorityv.EMI ElectronicsLtdandBICCConstructionLtd (1980)14BLR1HL..................... 108 Maloneyv.A.CameronLtd[1961]2All ER934............................... 67 R.v.F.HoweandSon(Engineers)Limited [1999]2AllER249 ..................... 167 R.v.FriskiesPetcareLimited[10/3/2000] unreported ............................ 167 TEEckersleyandOthersv.Binnie&Partners andOthers[1988]CILL388 ............... 23 WilsonsandClydeCoalCo.Ltdv.English [1938]AC57 .......................... 169 xiii CDMRegulations2015Explained ISBN978-0-7277-6009-8 ICEPublishing:Allrightsreserved http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/cdmre.60098.001 Chapter 1 Introduction † HavetheCDMRegulationsimprovedthehealthandsafetyrecord? † TheoriginandevolutionoftheCDMRegulations Havethe CDM Regulations improvedthe health andsafety record? ThestatisticsproducedbytheHealthandSafetyExecutive(‘theExecutive’)forfatalities and serious injuries in the construction industry have shown a downward trend since 1974.Inthelast20yearstherehasbeenasignificantreductioninthenumberandrates ofinjuryintheconstructionindustry,whichjusthappenstocoincidewiththeintroduc- tion of the 1994 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations – the ‘CDM Regulations’. Inthe10yearsfollowingtheintroductionofthe1994Regulations,theimprovementin the annual statistics for fatalities was from 5 to 3.5 per 100000 workers, representing an improvement of 30%. There had been some upward blips in the 10 years after the introductionofthe1994Regulationsbutthetrendwasundeniablydownward.Inthelast 5 yearsthe trendhascontinued, withanaveragerate offatalinjuryof2.1 per100000 workers,andin2013/14therewere2.0fatalinjuriesper100000workers(HSE,2014). The construction industry remains one of the high-risk industries, which is underlined bythefactthatitrepresented31%ofthefatalinjuriesand10%ofthereportedmajor injuries/incidentsin2013/2014foronly5%ofallemployeesintheworkforce.Butfatal- itiesareonlyoneindicator,becausetheExecutivehasestimatedthatforthesameperiod therewere76000totalcasesofwork-relatedillhealth.Injuriesaccountedfor592000lost workingdays,andillhealthfor1.7milliondays(HSE,2014). Canthegeneraldownwardtrendintheconstructionindustrybeattributabletothe1994 Regulationsordidthelegislation,infact,makenodifferenceatalltothestatistics? Thedifficultywithanalysingstatisticsthatareeitherexpressedasanabsolutenumberof deaths or a number of deaths per 100000 workers is the extent to which they can be 1
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