CCNA® ICND2 Study Guide CCNA® ICND2 Study Guide Todd Lammle Senior Acquisitions Editor: Jeff Kellum Development Editor: Pete Gaughan Technical Editors: John Swartz and Dax Michelson Production Editor: Christine O’Connor Copy Editor: Judy Flynn Editorial Manager: Pete Gaughan Production Manager: Tim Tate Vice President and Executive Group Publisher: Richard Swadley Associate Publisher, Sybex: Chris Webb Media Project Manager I: Laura Moss-Hollister Media Associate Producer: Marilyn Hummel Media Quality Assurance: Doug Kuhn Book Designers: Judy Fung and Bill Gibson Compositor: Craig Woods, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreader: Sarah Kaikini, Word One New York Indexer: Robert Swanson Project Coordinator, Cover: Katherine Crocker Cover Designer: Ryan Sneed Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada ISBN: 978-1-118-74958-6 (ebk.) ISBN: 978-1-118-75813-7 (ebk.) 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If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. TRADEMARKS: Wiley, the Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CCNA is a registered trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Dear Reader, Thank you for choosing CCNA ICND2 Study Guide. This book is part of a family of premium- quality Sybex books, all of which are written by outstanding authors who combine practical experience with a gift for teaching. Sybex was founded in 1976. More than 30 years later, we’re still committed to producing con- sistently exceptional books. With each of our titles, we’re working hard to set a new standard for the industry. From the paper we print on, to the authors we work with, our goal is to bring you the best books available. I hope you see all that reflected in these pages. I’d be very interested to hear your comments and get your feedback on how we’re doing. Feel free to let me know what you think about this or any other Sybex book by sending me an email at [email protected]. If you think you’ve found a technical error in this book, please visit http://sybex.custhelp.com. Customer feedback is critical to our efforts at Sybex. Best regards, Chris Webb Associate Publisher, Sybex Acknowledgments There are many people who work to put a book together, and although as an author I dedicate an enormous amount of time to write the book, it would never be published without the dedicated, hard work of those other people. Monica Worthy Lammle was crucial to the finished product this book became, going over every word of every chapter to fine-tune the language and grammar. Without Monica’s support in all areas of my life, I’d never have finished writing this book. Next in line to thank was my new technical editor, John Swartz, who also co-authored the CCNA Data Center Study Guide with me. His expertise in the Cisco technical field, and his history of networking in general, is second to none. His detailed analysis of my work helped make this my best CCNA R/S Study Guide ever. Thank you, John, for working hard under pressure, with tight deadlines, and for staying the course of delivering high-quality work in a short time frame. Jeff Kellum, my acquisitions editor, is instrumental to my success in the Cisco world. Jeff, I look forward to our continued progress together in the Cisco certification world. Christine O’Connor, my production editor, and Judy Flynn, my copy editor, are my rock and foundation for formatting and intense editing of every page in this book. This amaz- ing team gives me the confidence to help me keep moving during the difficult and very long days, week after week. How Christine stays so organized with all my enormous amount of changes, as well as making sure every figure is in the right place in the book is still a mystery to me! You’re amazing, Christine! Thank you! Judy understands my writing style so well now, after doing at least a dozen books with me, that she can tell when I made a technical error that I may have missed when previously going through the material. Thank you, Judy, for doing such a great job! I truly thank you both. Troy McMillian, Jim Frey, and Paul Sutton really provided support during the writing process: Troy helping me together the bonus questions and flash cards and his super detailed eye when it comes to second, third, and fourth edits, Jim with the amazing figures and all-around administrative support, and Paul with the all-around third-look technical edit. Thank you all! Finally, a big thanks to Craig Woods at Happenstance-Type-O-Rama and to the Sybex media-development team. About the Author Todd Lammle is the authority on Cisco Certification and internetworking and is Cisco cer- tified in many Cisco certification categories. He is a world-renowned author, speaker, trainer, and consultant. Todd has three decades of experience working with LANs, WANs, and large enterprise licensed and unlicensed wireless networks, and lately he’s been implementing large Cisco data centers worldwide. His years of real-world experience is evident in his writing; he is not just an author but an experienced networking engineer with very practical experience working on the largest networks in the world at such companies as Xerox, Hughes Aircraft, Texaco, AAA, Cisco, and Toshiba, among many others. Todd has published over 60 books, including the very popular CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, CCNA Wireless Study Guide, and CCNA Data Center Study Guide, all from Sybex. He runs an international consulting and training company based in Colorado, Texas, and San Francisco. You can reach Todd through his forum and blog at www.lammle.com.