Causses du Quercy Regional Nature Park November 2015 APPENDICES

187 Pages·2015·10.94 MB·English

GEOPARK CANDIDATE’S APPLICATION
Causses du Quercy
Regional Nature Park
November 2015
APPENDICES
CONTENTS

Appendix 1 Glossary.
Appendix 2 Built heritage protection and promotion actions.
Appendix 3 Map of the aspiring Geopark protected Areas.
Appendix 4 Summary of karst studies carried out by the Park.
Appendix 5 List and map of the Park municipalities.
Appendix 6 History of the application project to the global geopark network.
Appendix 7 Complete organisation chart of the Park.
Appendix 8 Lot County Geosites Inventory (CRPG, 2015).
Appendix 9 Complete bibliography list of scientific papers concerning
Appendix 10 List of the 110 geosites of the aspiring Geopark dedicated exclusively to
research (from the CRPHG Inventory, 2015).
Appendix 11 Geotouristic stategy of the Park.
Appendix 12 Bibliography in PDF format.
| Appendix 1
Appendix 1 Glossary

alluvial terrace: a terrace embankment of unconsolidated alluvial material that is built up adjacent to the sides
of a river valley.
alterite: when a rock, calcareous for instance, is subject to chemical weathering, a fraction of the rock,
dissolved, is leached by drainage water; another is constituted by the insoluble part that exists in each rock
(quartz grains for example); a the last part can be chemically transformed (mostly in clays), without being
transported. It is to these two last modifications that the term alterite refers. The phosphorite caves have been,
at some point, filled by alterites.
aquifer: groundwater reservoir; a body of rock or sediments that is sufficiently porous and permeable to hold
and provide a significant amount of groundwater.
arénier: local term indicating an isolated sandy pocket within the calcareous causse. These sands, often clayey,
were formerly used as a binder of stonewalls.
basement: layers of rocks, usually igneous and metamorphic, overlain by sedimentary series.
breccia: coarse-grained clastic rock with at least 50% of angular rock fragments of size greater than 2 mm,
embedded in a cement.
bulge: uplifting, bend or gentle deformation of rock strata.
Cadurques: Gallic people, from cad-or-ci that might mean “those who live on the edges of a beautiful river”,
most likely the Lot river [Labrousse, 1993]. It gave the “Quercy”, territory of the Cadurques.
castine: local term, see congelifract.
Catchment area/drainage area: an area in which all precipitations drains into the same stream or body of
water. Usually, the catchment area is defined by the surrounding hills or drainage divide. In the case of a
calcareous drainage area, water flows underground, and can be independent from the surface topography.
causse: toponym arising from the term cauce (Occitan language), of Latin language calx: lime (la chaux)
[Bazalgues, 2002].
chasm: deep cleft or opening in the Earth’s surface.
cloup: local term, see doline.
combe: local term indicating a dry valley (without permanent stream).
concretion: hard compact mass of mineral matter formed by precipitation from aqueous solution. The most
well known are found in caves where they form stalactites, stalagmites, draperies…
congelifract / “castine” / “grèze”: rock fragment broken off by the effect of frost erosion. Size of gelifract is
variable; often of centimetre size. They stack at the base of the calcareous “cliffs” (cornice).
continental shelf: the part of the continental margin extending between the shoreline and the edge of the
continental slope, usually with a depth of between 0 to 200 m.
couderc: large open space around which the village is built, often combined with a small lake used as washing
place or drinking trough.
Crypto-karrenfeld: karrenfeld developing below the surface.
cuesta: an asymmetric ridge with one steep slope and a gently dipping slope on the other side created by
differential erosional processes.
dissolution: the dissolving of a solid or a gas in a liquid; the diagenesis process by which a solid phase is
dissolved leaving behind a space or a cavity within the host sediment.
Appendix 1 |
doline: a simple closed funnel-shaped depression, found in karst terrain.
drowdawn chimney: rounded narrow vertical passage or opening in the roof of a cave, where surface elements
are drowdawn.
evapotranspiration: discharge of water by a land area via transpiration of plants and evaporation from the
ground surface and surface-water bodies.
faults: break in a rock in which one side has moved in relation to the other; a dip-slip fault moves
predominantly up and down; a strike-slip fault moves predominantly horizontally.
graben: an elongate block of the Earth’s crust that has dropped in relation to the blocks on either side and that
is bounded by faults along its sides.
Hercynian orogenic belt: wide orogenic belt that developed at the end of Palaeozoic era in northern America
and Europe. Some ancient massifs still remain, more or less reactivated during the Alpine orogeny, e.g., the
Massif Central, the Massif Armoricain, the Ardennes, the Vosges…
holotype fossil: the nomenclature fossil used to describe a new species.
igue: local term, see chasm.
indurated: said of a soil or rock having become hardened. Here, the trapped sands are hardened by
groundwater.
karst: irregular topography caused by dissolution of limestone resulting in sinkholes, caves and underground
drainage. Actually, the Karst is a northern region of Slovenia, used as the classical “model” for reliefs cut into
calcareous rocks by karstic erosion (karstification).
karstic cavity: water-scoured cavity (caves and chasms).
karstic erosion: all the calcareous rocks dissolution processes (see karstification).
karstification: all the weathering and dissolution phenomena resulting in the creation of a karst morphology in
limestone formations.
lagoon: a shallow body of water near the coast, either separated from the sea by a narrow strip of land or
communicating with the sea.
laterite (crust): red residual soil developed by weathering under temperate-to-tropical conditions, and
consisting mainly of iron and aluminium oxides.
lignite: brown coal, an intermediate stage of development between peat and subbituminous coal.
limestones: carbonate sedimentary rocks containing at least 50% calcium carbonate, mainly in the form of
calcite. Marly limestone (5 to 35% of clay), sandy limestone (containing sand), oolitic limestone, etc.
marl: calcareous clay.
mas: isolated farms or grouped into small hamlets.
molasses: Miocene facies in France, Switzerland, Austria and Bavaria; after uplifting of the reliefs, a thick
sequence of conglomerates, sandstones and shales composed of the relief detritus was deposited on the
surrounding plains.
Occitan language: the traditional Romance dialects spoken in Auvergne, Gascony, Rousillon, Limousin, and the
southern Dauphiné, in contrast to the traditional dialect spoken in Provence. Presently spoken by 1 to 4 million
of people (variable estimations).
oolitic limestone: limestone containing a large number of ooliths. Ooliths are small or ovate accretionary
bodies (0,5 to 2 mm average diameter), made up of concentric layer around a nucleus (e.g., quartz grain, shell
fragment). They form in rough seas, thus at shallow water.
oppidum : fortified Roman town.
paleosol: fossil soil.
| Appendix 1
paleokarst: a buried or fossil karst.
pech: very old word used in southern France, indicating a topographic height.
phosphorite cave: karstic cavity with phosphatic infills.
phosphorite: sedimentary rock of the karstic cavities corresponding to a phosphate-rich crust containing
residual clays.
quartzites: very hard siliceous sandstone.
sandstone: clastic sedimentary rock composed predominantly of quartz grains.
sedimentation: all the processes governing the formation and deposition of sediments.
species “of heritage interest”: “Within the framework of the ZNIEFF, are decisive:
- Species in danger, vulnerable, rare or remarkable corresponding to UICN notation or from “red books”
published nationally or regionally,
- Protected species (nationally, regionally, or by European regulations),
- Species with no protective status but within specific ecological or biogeographical conditions, or
presenting an exceptional population”.
stratigraphic gap: gap in the stratigraphic record.
stratum: layer of rock characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from the
adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible planes of bedding.
taxon (plur. taxa): a named group of organisms of any rank, such as species, family, class.
unconformity: position of a sedimentary formation over an older one, folded or tilted by tectonics or partially
eroded.
uvala: karst valley, usually formed by the linear coalescence of several sinkholes.
wadi: intermittent and torrential stream in desert regions.

Bibliography:
Dictionnaire de géologie. Sous la direction d’A. Foucault et J.-F. Raoult, éd. Dunod.
Dictionnaire Le Petit Robert.
Labrousse M., 1993. L’Histoire du Quercy, sous la direction de J. Lartigaut, Éd. Privat.
Appendix 1 |
Bazalgues G., 2002. À la découverte des noms de lieux du Quercy : Toponymie lotoise, Gourdon, Éd. de la
Bouriane et du Quercy, 127 p. (ISBN 2-910540-16-2).
| Appendix 2
Appendix 2 Built heritage protection and promotion
actions

Restoration programs
Since the Regional Nature Park creation, more than 15 years ago, protection of the various small
heritage buildings that create the identity of the Causses du Quercy territory is one of the key actions
of the Park.
Many hundreds of buildings have been restored in the framework of successive programs of the Park
and of its partners.

Participative construction work of Built pond restoration (social Participative construction work of
“buil t rabbit warren” restauration integration company). low dry wall restoration.

Conque d’Escamps before and after restoration (local Cros swallow hole after restoration.
craftsmen).
Appendix 2 | First Park CharterPremière Charte du Parc (1999-2011) See opposite and next maps: extract from the evaluative assessment of the 1st charter of the Park. The following elements were restored during the 1st charter of the Park: • 129 buildings of the small heritage restored (45 concerned municipalities): caselles, gariottes, field entrances, fountains, washing places, cisterns, wells, Calvary, cross, dovecotes, oven, steer work, etc. • 9.6 km of low walls restored on 60 municipalities of the Park, including 2.9 km restored with the general public during 274 awareness days (3230 participants / an average of 12 participants per day). • 101 restored “lacs de Saint-Namphaise” or ponds (44 concerned municipalities). Second Charter (since 2012) The park continues its small heritage restoration programs, with two new programs conducted successively since 2012: • “Small heritage 201-2012” program: 25 restored buildings (mainly: fountains, low walls, ovens, lakes and wells). • “Small heritage linked with water 2013-2014” program: 18 restored elements. Other buildings also benefited from other measures: maintenance or restoration of classified or listed buildings, Denieul Funds, ENS politics, etc.

Appendix 2 |
Built heritage promotion
Concurrently to the numerous protection and restoration actions, the Park and its partners have
conducted several lay out and promotion actions of the rural heritage.
• Several awareness editions or technical guidebooks; exhibition posters:

• Lay out and interpretation of the sites:

“Between Causse and Lay out of the abandoned Cazelle in Lalbenque.

valleys” tour. hamlet of Barrières (Miers).

• Events:
e.g: Les Rencontres de la pierre in
November 2015 (stone building
meeting).

Local initiatives
Among the actions conducted by
the Park or its direct partners,
associations of the territory
undertake numerous local
initiatives.