Cauca's Indigenous Movement in Southwestern Colombia: Land, Violence, and Ethnic Identity PDF
Preview Cauca's Indigenous Movement in Southwestern Colombia: Land, Violence, and Ethnic Identity
Cauca’s Indigenous Movement in Southwestern Colombia The Peoples of “Latin” America and the Caribbean SeriesEditor MartinEdwinAndersen, authorofPeoplesoftheEarth:Ethnonationalism, Democracy,andtheIndigenousChallengeinLatinAmerica Bymeansofmonographsandeditedcollections,LexingtonBookspublishesnewresearch onunderstudiedaspectsofboththehistoryofandcontemporaryaffairsaffectingindige- nouspeoplesandother,usuallyminority,populationsinCentralandSouthAmericaand theCaribbean.Althoughanewspecificeffort,thisinitiativeforthinkingglobally/histori- callybuildsuponLexingtonworksalreadypublishedontherecentpastandcurrentaffairs forthepurposeofbecomingacomprehensiveresourceandestablishedpublicationseries. Manyimportantqualitativeandquantitativedeterminantsandaspectsofthetransforma- tion affecting the peoples of the region have not yet been systematically analyzed, and Lexington’s“ThePeoplesof‘Latin’AmericaandtheCaribbean”seekstoensurethata spaceismadeforthistooccur. Anoutletforempiricalresearchonabroadvarietyofthemes,issuesofspecificinterest that too often remain either under the radar of mainstream publishing on the region or effectivelyonthesidelineinclude:ethnonationalism;colonialismandempire;conceptsof identity;theoriesofrace,nationalism,racism,andidentity;politicalradicalization;mixed heritagesandthestudyofethnicity;religiousidentification;linksofstress,poverty,and ethnicityamongtheindigenousandotherethnic/nationalpopulations;transnationalorga- nized crime and its threats to national/minority communities; comparative studies with indigenouspeoplesoutsidetheregion;localhistory;multiculturalrelations;culturalinno- vation; ethnic geography (including diaspora); minority protection; ethnic tensions and placesofcontestedmemory,etc. TitlesintheSeries Cauca’sIndigenousMovementinSouthwesternColombia:Land,Violence,andEthnic Identity,byBrettTroyan Cauca’s Indigenous Movement in Southwestern Colombia Land, Violence, and Ethnic Identity Brett Troyan LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 www.rowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB Copyright©2015byLexingtonBooks Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Troyan,Brett,1968- Cauca'sindigenousmovementinsouthwesternColombia:land,violence,andethnicidentity/Brett Troyan. p.cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-4985-0228-3(cloth:alk.paper)–ISBN978-1-4985-0230-6(ebook) 1.IndiansofSouthAmerica–Colombia–Cauca(Department)–Politicsandgovernment–20thcentury. 2.IndiansofSouthAmerica–Colombia–Cauca(Department)–History–20thcentury.3.Indiansof SouthAmerica–Colombia–Cauca(Department)–Governmentrelations.4.Cauca(Colombia:Depart- ment)–Politicsandgovernment–20thcentury.5.Cauca(Colombia:Department)–Racerelations.I. Title. F2269.1.C375T762015 305.8009861'53–dc23 2015013244 TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Thisbookisdedicatedtomytwochildren,SaskyaandJulian. Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 2 ManuelQuintínLameandHisPoliticalMovement 21 3 ConversationsbetweenIndigenousCommunitiesandthe CentralStateinthe1930sand1940s 59 4 The1950s:LaViolenciainCauca,StateResponses,and Riochiquito 87 5 The1960sandtheBirthofDivisionofIndigenousAffairs 127 6 EthnicCitizenshipinColombia:TheExperienceoftheRegional IndigenousCounciloftheCaucainSouthwesternColombia from1970to1990 153 7 Conclusion 175 SelectBibliography 181 Index 191 AbouttheAuthor 201 vii Preface In June 1997 I accompanied a human rights delegation to the indigenous communitiesofCaucalocatedinthesouthwestofColombia.Thepurposeof this delegation was to foment solidarity between the United States and Co- lombian grassroots organizations. We visited the communities of Buenos Aires, Las Delicias, Pueblo Nuevo, Santa Leticia, and San Sebastián in the company of Avelina Pancho, the then-vice president of the CRIC—Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca—Regional Indigenous Council of the Cauca.1 ThesecommunitieswerelocatedinthehighlandsofCaucawheremostofthe indigenous population of Cauca resides. The CRIC’s objective in extending an invitation to the human rights delegation was to establish and cement transnationalallianceswithsimilargroupstoraiseawarenessaboutthepolit- icalandeconomicstrugglesthatindigenouscommunitiesfacedinCauca. Early one morning, we set off for San Sebastián to visit the Yanacona community, which Avelina Pancho identified as recently joining the CRIC. Our driver, a mestizo man from Cali, chain-smoked and drove recklessly terrifying the American passengers in the jeep. Our trip took us higher into thegreenmountainsandontounpavedroads.Alongtheway,weencountered amilitaryroadblock.Thedriverdeclaredthatoneneverknowsifthesoldiers are guerrillas or members of the Colombian armed forces, but that in any event,hewaspreparedsincehewasarmed;hethenproceededtotakeoffhis jacket and display his handgun. Needless to say, we became nervous and whispered amongst ourselves that our driver had a gun, and he seemed to relish the panic he had caused amongst the gringos. Eventually, the soldiers waved us on warning the indigenous leaders and drivers that guerrillas and perhaps common delinquents were still in the area. Avelina declared that there was nothing to fear since theCRIC hadanagreement with theguerril- las,andthattheywouldleaveusalone. ix
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