Table Of Content

Self-Assessment Colour Review Cattle and Sheep Medicine This page intentionally left blank Self-Assessment Colour Review Cattle and Sheep Medicine Philip R Scott BVM&S, MPhil, DVM&S, DSHP, FRCVS, DipIECSRHM, DiplECBHM, FHEA Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies Easter Bush Veterinary Centre Easter Bush, Nr Roslin, Midlothian, UK MANSON PUBLISHING/THE VETERINARY PRESS Contents Preface 5 Abbreviations 6 Classification of Cases: Cattle 7 Sheep 8 Section 1: Cattle 9 Section 2: Sheep 121 Reading List 235 Index: Cattle 236 Sheep 238 Copyright © 2010 Manson Publishing Ltd ISBN: 978-1-84076-126-9 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright holder or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended), or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 33–34 Alfred Place, London WC1E 7DP, UK. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. For full details of all Manson Publishing Ltd titles please write to: Manson Publishing Ltd, 73 Corringham Road, London NW11 7DL, UK. Tel: +44(0)20 8905 5150 Fax: +44(0)20 8201 9233 Website: www.mansonpublishing.com Commissioning editor: Jill Northcott Project manager: Paul Bennett Copy editor: Joanna Brocklesby Design and layout: Cathy Martin Colour reproduction: Tenon & Polert Colour Scanning Ltd, Hong Kong Printed by: New Era Printing Company Ltd, Hong Kong Preface This book aims to present the essential facts of the most common ruminant diseases and conditions in a problem-based format. Clinical cases are not ordered in organ system, thereby mimicking the random presentation of cases during a busy round of calls in practice. The diagnosis and treatment regimens described herein are those used by the author over the past 30 years in commercial large animal practice in the UK; they acknowledge the time and financial restrictions in many situations but require no specialized facilities nor equipment. The book is designed for veterinary undergraduates during their clinical rotations, and for the recent graduate who encounters the occasional farm animal problem in mixed practice. All suggestions for further cases, comments, and suggestions will be gratefully received and acknowledged by the author. Philip R Scott 5 Abbreviations AGID agar gel immunodiffusion L3 third stage larva AP alkaline phosphatase LDA left-displaced abomasum AST aspartate aminotransferase MD mucosal disease BCS body condition score ME metabolizable energy BP British Pharmacopoeia MJ megajoules BRSV bovine respiratory syncytial MVV maedi-visna virus virus NEFA nonesterified fatty acid BUN blood urea nitrogen NSAID nonsteroidal anti- BVD bovine virus diarrhoea inflammatory drug CFT complement fixation test OPP ovine progressive pneumonia CLA caseous lymphadenitis OPT ovine pregnancy toxaemia CNS central nervous system PCV packed cell volume CPD contagious pustular dermatitis PEM polioencephalomalacia CSF cerebrospinal fluid PGE parasitic gastroenteritis DM dry matter RBC red blood cell EAE enzootic abortion of ewes SPA sheep pulmonary adenomatosis EDTA ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid WBC white blood cell ELISA enzyme-linked ZN Ziehl-Neelsen (stain) immunosorbent assay epg eggs per gram EU European Union FAT fluorescent a ntibody test GGT gamma glutamyltransferase GLDH glutamate dehydrogenase IBR infectious bovine rhinotracheitis IKC infectious keratoconjunctivitis 6 Classification of Cases: Cattle Cardiac disease 7, 73, 91, 109 Eye disorders 88 Foreign bodies 62, 71, 82, 112 Foot disease 4, 8, 13, 21, 29, 77, 89 Gastrointestinal system 10, 20, 30, 33, 38, 51, 62, 71, 85, 107 Genitourinary system 46, 51, 53, 63, 70, 79, 86, 106 Husbandry 42, 55, 72, 99, 101 Iatrogenic disease 96 Infectious disease 12, 19, 31, 34, 47, 48, 50, 72, 76, 78, 93, 94, 106, 110 Lameness 5, 8, 11, 13, 21, 27, 28, 29, 45, 61, 77, 89, 108 Metabolic and electrolyte disturbance 30, 40, 44, 68, 81, 83, 85, 92 Musculoskeletal system 4, 5, 13, 16, 27, 37, 45 Neurological disease 50, 52, 87, 93, 100, 108, 110 Newborn calf 16, 76, 77, 93, 97, 101 Nutrition and feeding 1, 23, 54, 68, 80, 81, 92 Parasitic disease 2, 14, 20, 72 Parturition and pregnancy 25, 39, 41, 51, 52, 63, 86, 90, 98, 100, 102, 103, 104 Prevention of disease/injury 34, 95, 99, 101, 111 Respiratory disease 4, 36, 43, 47, 65 Skin disease 14, 22, 66, 74, 84 Surgical procedures 13, 32, 53, 55, 64, 69, 71 Toxins 1, 49 Trauma and fractures 1 1, 28, 46, 52, 58, 60, 75 Tumours 59, 88 7 Classification of Cases: Sheep Breeding and fertility 130, 139, 162, 191, 208, 222 Cardiac disease 118, 188 Developmental/congenital disorders 126, 145, 212 Eye disorders 140, 215 Feeding and toxicities 121, 124, 128, 143, 152, 161, 184, 187, 188, 197, 199 Foot problems 172, 198, 203, 209, 218 Gastrointestinal disease 138, 199, 212, 214, 220 Genital and urinary diseases 114, 117, 122, 153, 176, 180, 216, 216, 219 Husbandry and disease prevention 125, 144, 151, 184, 196, 204, 224 Infectious disease 116, 123, 129, 141, 142, 149, 150, 159, 160, 178, 185, 201, 217, 220, 223 Lambing 122, 125, 136, 168, 173, 182, 193, 206 Lambs, newborn 123, 136, 189, 190, 205 Lameness 115, 124, 141, 155, 165, 178, 183, 185, 186, 198, 200, 203, 209, 213, 218 Mastitis 169, 225 Metabolic and electrolyte disturbance 207 Mortalities 158, 164, 174, 199 Neurological disease 121, 128, 129, 132, 133, 137, 145, 146, 151, 159, 194, 217, 23 Oral disease 177, 211 Parasitic disease 134, 148, 174, 175, 181, 202, 204, 214 Respiratory disease 120, 135, 142, 167, 192, 195 Skin lesions 119, 127, 156, 166, 170, 181, 202, 204 Spinal lesions 113, 132, 157, 186, 210 Trauma and fractures 113, 206, 221 Tumours 132, 147, 211 Veterinary procedures 115, 122, 144, 168, 179 8 Section 1: CATTLE 1, 2: Questions 1 You are presented with two 1a 15-month-old dairy heifers which have been housed for 2 weeks and fed the remains of last year’s silage clamp before the new clamp is opened. The heifers are very weak and unable to rise (1a). The farmer had noted that one heifer in the group of 84 was unsteady on its hindlegs the previous evening. None of the other heifers show any abnormal clinical signs. Both heifers appear dull and depressed and are unable to rise. There is profound weakness of the limb muscles. The rectal temperature is normal for each heifer. The heifers do not eat but can swallow. There are ruminal movem ents but only scant mucus-coated faeces are passed. i.What conditions would you suspect? (Most likely first.) ii.What treatments would you administer? iii.What control measures could be adopted? 2 A 3-year-old dairy heifer presents 2 with 2 months’ history of weight loss and diarrhoea despite anthelmintic treatment by the farmer. The heifer was purchased soon after calving 3 months ago and is yielding only 18 L/day. The rectal temperature is normal. No sig - nificant clinical signs are found except for profuse diarrhoea without blood or mucosal casts and poor body condition (2). i. What conditions would you con - sider? (Most likely first.) ii. Which further tests could be under- taken? iii.What treatments would you recommend? iv.What control measures must be adopted for introduced cattle? 9