Catholics in Indonesia, 1903-1942: A Documented History: The Spectacular Growth Of A Self-Confident Minority, 1903-1942

649 Pages·2008·35.57 MB·English

by  Karel Steenbrink

CATHOLICS IN INDONESIA 1808-1942

V E R H A N D E L I N G E N
VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT
VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE
232

KAREL STEENBRINK
with the cooperation of Paule Maas
CATHOLICS IN INDONESIA, 1808-1942
A documented history
volume 2
The spectacular growth of a self-confident
minority, 1903-1942
KITLV Press
Leiden
2007
Published by:
KITLV Press
Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies
PO Box 9515
2300 RA Leiden
The Netherlands
website: www.kitlv.nl
e-mail: [email protected]
Cover: Creja ontwerpen, Leiderdorp
ISBN 90 6718 260 5
© 2007 Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or
any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the
copyright owner.
Printed in the Netherlands
Contents
List of documents vii
Abbreviations ix
Preface xi
I From one mission region to fifteen ecclesiastical districts 1
II European, Eurasian and Chinese Catholics 23
III Flores: Efforts to create a modern and Christian society 77
IV Catholic communities living next to Protestants in Timor
and Sumba 153
V Kai and Tanimbar as a second eastern centre for the
Catholic mission 195
VI Catholic participation in the making of modern West Papua 231
VII Marginal Minahasa and Toraja Catholics among majority
Protestantism in Sulawesi 259
VIII Amongst the Chinese, Malays and Dayaks in Kalimantan 285
IX The poor legacy of Sumatra 325
X The many varieties of Javanese Catholics 355
XI Catholicism in late colonial Indonesia: Civil and spiritual
aspects of a distinct community 421
vi Contents
Documents 445
Appendices
1 The corporate identity of 60 missionary orders 539
2 Catholic hierarchy 592
3 Statistics for mid-1942 595
Bibliography 597
Index 617
List of documents
1 New procedures for the Larantuka Confreria, 1903 445
2 Catharina, daughter of Lorenzo II of Larantuka writes to her
brother Servus in Surabaya about the imprisonment of their
father, 1904 448
3 Complaints about aggressive evangelizing by Father Petrus
Hoevenaars in Mendut, 1905 449
4 Notes for a discussion about school subsidies with
Hendrik Colijn in Flores, 1906 456
5 Support for conversion to Christianity from government
officials in Flores, 1907 456
6 Pastoral letter at Lent 1910 by Bishop Luypen 459
7 Complaints by a dismissed Javanese catechist, 1912 462
8 Summary of Catholic doctrine for Papua society, 1912 465
9 Regulations for school subsidies in Flores, 1913 466
10 Rules of the Catholic Social Union, 1913 471
11 Governor-general recognizes prefects and vicars apostolic outside
Batavia as independent leaders of the Catholic mission, 1913 473
12 Chinese man in Jambi asks for information about conversion
to Catholicism, 1913 474
13 Pastoral letter at Lent in 1914 by Bishop Luypen 474
14 Warning by the parish priest of Sikka against registering for the
colonial army, 1914 477
15 Veneration of Chinese ancestors with joss sticks not allowed,
1914 479
16 Sultan of Yogyakarta gives permission for conversion to
Catholicism, September 1915 480
17 Father Frans van Lith defends the use of Javanese texts in the
Easter liturgy, 1916 481
18 Request by Prefect Noyen to allocate North Central Timor
(Noemuti) to the Catholic mission, 1917 482
19 First translation of Our Father in Lionese, 1917 484
20 Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants in the Kai islands,
1918 484
viii List of documents
21 Social conditions according to the Catholic doctrine at the
Schmutzer Plantation, 1920 486
22 Declaration on the migration of Dutch Catholics to the Indies 487
23 Batak Protestants complain about Catholic interference in their
village, 1924 488
24 Severe rebuke of the Oudenbosch brothers for their worldly
lifestyle, 1925 490
25 Inauguration of the Javanese-style chapel in Ganjuran,
Central Java, 1930 493
26 Regulations for Dayak teachers, 1930 494
27 Malay prayers and a list of Catholic holidays, 1930s 498
28 Javanese headdress allowed in Catholic churches, 1931 499
29 Ban on the IEV, the Eurasian Social Union, by De Backere
contested by other Catholic leaders, 1933 501
30 Henry Mclaine Pont’s spiritual journey as an architect and
journalist, 1934 506
31 Complaints about the promotion of Islam by the regent of
Magelang, Danoesoegonda, 1935 511
32 Comments on a meeting of the League of Nations in Bandung,
2-13 February 1937 514
33 Special dispensation to ordain first-generation converts to
the priesthood, 1938 516
34 No Chinese and/or Christians to be buried in Muslim cemeteries,
1939 517
35 Albertus Soegijopranoto appointed as the bishop of Semarang,
1940 517
36 Guidelines for Catholics present at Chinese religious ceremonies 520
37 Diary of a teacher in Rifado, West Papua, 1941 522
38 Diary of a teacher in Sanggau, Kalimantan, 1942-1945 526
39 Request by a Chinese Catholic in Batavia to postpone the start
of Lent in favour of participation in Chinese New Year, 1945 532
40 Anti-Japanese leaflet spread by an Allied plane in the Moluccas,
8 February 1945 536
Abbreviations
ADC Assistant District Commissary
AJAK Archives of the Archdiocese of Jakarta
CAMA Church and Missionary Alliance
CEP Christelijk Ethische Partij
CGK Christelijk Gereformeerde Kerken
CICM Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary/
Missionaries of Scheut
CIDES Centre for Information and Development Studies
CIJ Congregation of the Sisters of the Imitation of Jesus
(Serikat Suster-suster Pengikut Yesus)
CM Vincentians or Lazarists
CMB Central Office of the Mission/Centraal Missie Bureau
CP Passionists
CSD The Brothers of Our Lady of the Seven Dolours/
‘Broeders van Voorhout’
CSP Christelijk Staatkundige Partij
DZV Doopsgezinde Zendingsvereeniging
(Dutch Mennonite Missionary Society)
ECS English-Chinese Schools
ELS Europeesche Lagere School/European Primary School
FMM Franciscan Missionary Sisters
GAPI Gaboengan Politik Indonesia
GKN Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland
(Reformed Churches in the Netherlands)
GPM Gereja Protestan Muluku (Moluccan Protestant Church)
GZB Gereformeerde Zendingsbond
HCS Hollandsch-Chineesche School
HIS Hollandsch-Inlandsche School
HKBP Huria Kristen Batak Protestan
IEV Indo-Europeesch Verbond
IKP Indische Katholieke Partij
IKWV Indische Katholieke Wetenschappelijke Vereeniging
IMV Indische Missie-Vereeniging