Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity PDF
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WORLD RELIGIONS CATHOLICISM & ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY THIRD EDITION WORLD RELIGIONS African Traditional Religion Baha’i Faith Buddhism Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity Confucianism Daoism Hinduism Islam Judaism Native American Religions Protestantism Shinto Sikhism Zoroastrianism WORLD RELIGIONS CATHOLICISM & ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY THIRD EDITION by Stephen F. Brown and Khaled Anatolios Series Editors: Joanne O’Brien and Martin Palmer Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity, Third Edition Copyright © 2009, 2006, 2002 by Infobase Publishing All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Chelsea House An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Stephen F. Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity / by Stephen F. Brown and Khaled Anatolios. — 3rd ed. p. cm. — (World religions) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60413-106-2 (alk. paper) 1. Orthodox Eastern Church—Relations—Catholic Church—History. 2. Catholic Church—Relations—Orthodox Eastern Church—History. I. Anatolios, Khaled, 1962- II. Title. III. Title: Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity. IV. Series. BX324.3.B76 2009 280’.209—dc22 2008043046 Chelsea House books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Chelsea House on the World Wide Web at http://www.chelseahouse.com This book was produced for Chelsea House by Bender Richardson White, Uxbridge, U.K. Project Editor: Lionel Bender Text Editor: Ronne Randall Designer: Ben White Picture Researchers: Joanne O’Brien and Kim Richardson Maps and symbols: Stefan Chabluk Printed in China CP BRW 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. All links and Web addresses were checked and verified to be correct at the time of publication. Because of the dynamic nature of the Web, some addresses and links may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. CONTENTS Preface 6 CHAPTER 1 Introduction: The Modern Catholic and Orthodox Worlds 8 CHAPTER 2 The Origins of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches 26 CHAPTER 3 The History of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches 40 CHAPTER 4 Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity: Basic Beliefs and Practices 74 CHAPTER 5 The Influence of the Catholic and Orthodox Churches 96 CHAPTER 6 Catholicism and Orthodox Christianity Facing New Challenges 120 Fact File and Bibliography 138 Further Reading and Web Sites 139 Glossary 140 Index 142 About the Authors and Series Editors 144 Picture Credits 144 Preface Almost from the start of civilization, more than 10,000 years ago, religion has shaped human history. Today more than half the world’s population practice a major reli- gion or indigenous spiritual tradition. In many 21st-century societies, including the United States, religion still shapes peo- ple’s lives and plays a key role in politics and culture. And in societies throughout the world increasing ethnic and cultural diversity has led to a variety of religions being practiced side by side. This makes it vital that we understand as much as we can about the world’s religions. The World Religions series, of which this book is a part, sets out to achieve this aim. It is written and designed to appeal to both students and general readers. The books offer clear, accessible overviews of the major religious traditions and insti- Catholic as % of Total Population tutions of our time. Each volume in the Latin America 88% Europe 40% series describes where a particular religion Oceania 27.5% is practiced, its origins and history, its cen- North America 23% tral beliefs and important rituals, and its Africa 16% contributions to world civilization. Care- Asia 3% fully chosen photographs complement the text, and sidebars, a map, fact file, glos- sary, bibliography, and index are included Orthodox as % of Total Population to help readers gain a more complete Europe 22% Africa 4.5% understanding of the subject at hand. Oceania 2.4% These books will help clarify what North America 2% religion is all about and reveal both the Asia 0.4% similarities and differences in the great Latin America 0.1% spiritual traditions practiced around the world today. 6 CATHOLICISM & ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY Current Catholic and Orthodox Population According to Continent Over 40% 20%–39% 0–19% © Infobase Publishing Preface 7 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: THE MODERN CATHOLIC AND ORTHODOX WORLDS When Americans think of Christianity, they generally think of Protestantism or Roman Catholicism. Unless they have grown up in an Orthodox community, they will probably not be so aware of the Orthodox Church. In the media we often see the pope at a grand ceremony greet- ing young people, or blessing the sick. We are used to seeing Protestant pastors on television, and often they are active in local community affairs as well. The same is true for the Orthodox churches. They too have world leaders who draw huge crowds, care for the sick, preach, appear on television, and are active locally. CAThOLiC ChurChEs in AmEriCA Catholicism has influenced the lives of Americans in many ways. Catholic schools in America have educated millions of citizens, Saint Peter’s Basilica in Saint Peter’s Square, Vatican City. The Catholic Church is centered on the Vatican, a self-governing city- state in Rome. There are 1.1 billion Catholics worldwide served by more than 4.2 million people engaged in pastoral activity. 8 CATHOLICISM & ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY Introduction: The Modern Catholic and Orthodox Worlds 9
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