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Catholic Thought Since the Enlightenment: A Survey PDF

232 Pages·1998·17.854 MB·English
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Catholic Thought since The Enl ightenWlent . A SURVEY ' Aioan Nichols, OP Ul1iversit~ of Soutb Africa, Pretoria Gracewi119, Leomil1stel) E119{al1~ © 1998 University of South Africa First edition, first impression ISBN 186888029X UK ISBN 0852444745 Published in South Africa by Published outside South Africa by UnisaPress Gracewing University of South Africa 2 Southern Avenue, Leominster, PO Box 392, 0003 Pretoria Herefordshire HR6 OQF, England Electronic origination by Iskova Image Setting, Johannesburg Printed by Sigma Press, Koedoespoort © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photoco pying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. It is banal to note that the succession of figures moves successively through the history of thought; the part of wisdom is to find a continual conversation taking place, a conversation to which each generation makes its contribution and from which it derives its tradition as it evokes from the other members latent insights and discoveries which emerge only during this continued encounter. Chronology is appropriate in intellectual history, but it is not the final word. MICHAEL BUCKLEY, SJ At the Origins ofM odern Atheism CONTENTS PREFACE ix I CATHOIJC THEOWGY AND THE ENlJGHTENMENT 1 1 Intellectual antecedents 3 2 Catholics and unbelievers 6 3 Response to the philosophes 8 4 The history men 12 5 Catholic Enlightenment, Catholic identity 15 II REVOumON AND RESTORATION 21 1 The Revolutionary impact 23 2 Romantic theology 26 3 Traditionalism 31 4 Theological Counter-revolutionism 36 5 Neo-Ultramontanism 39 ill VARIETIES OF REASON 43 1 Semi-rationalism 45 2 The Catholic Tlibingen School 51 3 Newman 54 4 Rosmini 58 5 The Roman School 61 6 Pius IX and his Council 64 7 Scheeben 70 8 Leonine Neo-Thomism 72 Vll W MODERN AND ANTI-MODERN 77 1 Blondel 79 2 Modernism 83 3 The Social Catholics 90 4 Rousselot and Mart~chal 95 5 Maritain and Gilson 99 V BACK m TIlE SOURCES 105 1 Casel and the liturgical revival 107 2 Adam and the ecclesiological revival 111 3 Lagrange and the biblical revival 115 4 Danielou and the patristic revival 120 VI mSmRY AND META-mSmRY 125 1 Christopher Dawson 127 2 The Innsbrlick School 130 3 Henri de Lubac and nouvelle theologie 134 4 Teilhard de Chardin 139 5 Karl Rahner 142 6 Incarnation or eschatology? 146 VII TIlE COUNCIL AND BEYOND 149 1 The Second Vatican Council 151 2 Catholic ecumenism 159 3 Concilium or Communio? 164 4 Liberation theology 169 5 Morals and man 173 6 Narrative theology 176 7 Bernard Lonergan and David Tracy 182 8 Balthasar 188 CONCLUSION: CATIlOIJCISM AND MODERNTIY 193 NOTES 119 BIBIJOGRAPHY 207 iii PREFACE Constraints oflength in this survey have obliged me to be selective. The bibliographies offered will enable students to fill gaps - and I have included books and articles in languages other than English for advanced students into whose hands this book may fall. The same need for conciseness has encouraged me to pass some swiftly enun ciated judgements, which may assist the student to gain a handle on the topics, whether he or she agrees eventually with my assessment or not. Apart from its intrinsic interest, the theological history of Catholicism in the last two hundred years is essential reading for anyone who wishes to gain an understanding ofthe present state ofthe Catholic Church - most of all for anyone who would care to offer it informed counsel with the benefit of a historical (and not merely contemporary) feeling for its identity and thejuste milieu ofthe tendencies of its schools. I am grateful to Professor Gerald Pillay, formerly of the University of South Africa, for suggesting that I write this work, and to the Liturgical Press, Collegeville, and T and T Clark, of Edinburgh, for permission to include some short extracts from earlier material published through their kindness. Aidan Nichols, OP Blackfriars Cambridge Memorial of our Lady of Ransom, 1996 IX I CATHOLIC THEOLOGY AND ENLIGHTENMENT 1

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