Catecholamines and Stress. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Catecholamines and Stress, Held in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, July 27–30, 1975

590 Pages·1976·34.278 MB·English

by  Earl Usdin

This book was edited by Drs. Usdin and Kopin in their private capacities. No official
support or endorsement by the NIMH is intended or should be inferred.
Catecholamines and Stress
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CATECHOLAMINES
AND STRESS. HELD IN BRATISLAVA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, JULY 27-30, 1975
Edited by
EARL USDIN, Ph.D.
Psychopharmacology Research Branch, National Institute
of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland
RICHARD KVETNANSKY, M.D.
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
and
IRWIN J. KOPIN, M.D.
Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of
Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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First edition 1976
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Symposium on Catecholamines and Stress,
1st, Bratislava, 1975.
Catecholamines and stress.
Includes indexes.
1. Catecholamines—Congresses. 2. Stress (Physiology)—Congresses. I. Usdin, Earl. II. Kvetnansky,
Richard. III. Kopin, I. J. IV. Title. [DNLM: 1. Catecholamines—Physiology—Congresses. 2.
Stress—Physiopathology—Congresses. W3 IN916P 1975c/QV129 1613 1975cl
QP801.C33I53 1975 612'.8Ό42 75-42130
ISBN 0-08-020588-7
Printed in Great Britain by A. Wheaton & Co. Exeter
PREFACE
Catecholamine participation in emergencies or in reaction to stress has been of interest since
the studies of Cannon and Selye. This early work and many of the subsequent investigations had cen-
tered on the sympatho-adrenal medullary response to stress. The exact mechanism of the stress re-
action, however, is still unknown. Recently we have noted a revival of interest in the role of
catecholamines during stress, largely due to the ever increasing number of papers concerned with the
neuroendocrine control by catecholamines of the hypothalamic releasing factors. This has resulted in
a considerably broader view of the participation of catecholamines mediating the central nervous
system response to stress.
Since the number of research teams studying catecholamines under stress keeps increasing, we
have considered it most useful to offer the forum of a symposium for the exchange of ideas and results
obtained in this significant and attractive field. The problem of stress has been studied at our
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, under the leadership of Dr.
L. Mikulaj since 1964, and we are extremely happy to have had the honor of organizing the First
International Symposium on Catecholamines and Stress.
I wish to use this opportunity to express my thanks to the Slovak Academy of Sciences, to the
Board of Directors of the Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and particularly to its Head,
Dr. L. Macho, as well as to the Slovak Medical Society, for their most valuable support in organ-
izing the Symposium. I am most grateful to the Chairman of the Symposium, Dr. I. J. Kopin from the
Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH, Bethesda, Maryland, to the Chairman of the International
Organizing Committee, Dr. E. Usdin from the National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland,
and to the Chairman of the Local Organizing Committee, Dr. M. VigaS from the Institute of Experimen-
tal Endocrinology, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia, whose contributions have to a great extent determined
the success of the Symposium.
I am most appreciative of the long-term and intensive effort of my co-workers ( Drs. M. Koufilovâ,
R. Krausovâ, D. Repîekovâ, F. Inczinger, L. Mikulaj, S. Németh, J. Ponec, T. Torda, Mrs. Z. OprSalova,
Mrs. D. Kvetflanskâ and Mr. J. Fajdel) who have have helped considerably in the preparation for this
meeting.
I should also like to acknowledge the important contributions of support from the following or-
ganizations:
Slovakofarma, n.p., Hlohovec, Czechoslovakia
SlovSport, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Mfedimpex, Budapest, Hungary
xi
xii Preface
Hoechst, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of Germany
Pergamon Press, Oxford, England
Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois
Searle Laboratories, Chicago, Illinois
Chemie Linz, A.G., Linz, Austria
I hope that the Symposium has accomplished its task and answered its purpose, and we expect it to
become an important stimulus in the development of the study of catecholamines under stress. It is
to be hoped that Bratislava will in four years again become the meeting place for a fruitful discus-
sion of the advances in this research field, at the Second International Symposium on Catecholamines
and Stress.
Dr. Richard Kvetflansky
Bratislava, August 1975 Secretary General of the Symposium
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I should like to thank Mr. Michael Sprague and Ms. Dorothy Eisel for their invaluable assistance
in converting the manuscripts from "camera-ready copy" to truly camera-ready copy as well as in
preparing the author index.
Rockville, Maryland
September, 1975 Earl Usdin
ABBREVIATIONS
A - epinephrine IMO = immobilization
AAD * amino acid decarboxylase INMT = indole ethylamine N-methyltransferase
AB-15 = l-m-aminophenyl-2-cyclopropylamino-ethanol IS = intermittent exposure to severe cold
dihydrochloride LA, cf. lac
ACh * acetylcholine lac = lactate
ACTH = adrenocorticotropin hormone LH - luteinizing hormone
ADN « adenine nucleotide(s) MAO s monoamine oxidase
AH = anterior hypothalamus MAOI = monoamine oxidase inhibitor
alpha-MT, cf. α-ΜΤ ME = median eminence
ATP = adenosine triphosphate Me2?tH4 = 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin
A-V s arterio-venous 6-MePtH4 = 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin
B = corticosterone MFBa = medial forebrain bundle
BAT = brown adipose tissue MHPG = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
BP * blood pressure MHPG-S = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate
CA = catecholamine(s) MK 486 = Ä-a-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-a-hydrazinopro-
cAMP - cyclic adenosine monophosphate pionic acid monohydrate
CAR * conditioned avoidance response MMI - l-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole
CM » continuous exposure to moderate cold MOPEG-SO4, cf. MHPG-S
CMC « carboxymethyl cellulose α-m.p.t. - aMPT, cf. a-MT
COMT ■ catechol O-methyltransferase MR = metabolic rate
CRF = corticotropin releasing factor a-MT = a-methyl-p_-tyrosine
CRH * corticotropin releasing hormone MVC ■ maximal voluntary contraction
CSF = cerebrospinal fluid NA = nucleus arcuatus; also, cf. NE
CVO = circumventricular organ NDMv = nucleus dorsomedialis
DA = dopamine NE * norepinephrine
DBH ■ dopamine-3-hydroxylase NEM « N-ethylmaleimide
DBO = (dopamine-ß-oxidase) ■ DBH NMT * normetanephrine
DC = decarboxylase NPMv = nucleus premamillaris vent.
DDC β diethyldithiocarbamate NPV β nucleus paraventricularis
DDC ■ dopa decarboxylase NR = normotensive rats
DBH , cf. DBH NSD-1055 = m-hydroxy-£-bromobenzylamine
DMT * desmethylimipramine NSO = nucleus supraopticus
DMPH, = 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethy1-5,6,7,8- NTS s non-shivering thermogenesis
tetrahydropteridine NTS = nucleus tractus solitarii
DNB - dorsal noradrenergic bundle NVM = nucleus ventromedialis
dopa = DOPA - dihydroxyphenyl alanine 11-OHCS = 11-hydroxycorticosteroids
E, cf. EPI 17-OHCS = 17-hydroxycorticosteroids
ECT = electroconvulsive therapy 6-OHD, cf. 6-OHDA
EDTA = disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 6-OHDA = 6-hydroxydopamine
EGTA = ethylene glycol bis (ß-amino-ethyl ether) 6-OH-dopamine, cf. 6-OHDA
tetraacetic acid OLVT = organon vasculosum laminae terminalis
EM · exploratory movement PBI = plasma bound iodine
EPI - epinephrine PCPA = _p_-chlorophenylalanine
F « total cortisol PFK = phosphofructokinase
FFA - free fatty acids PIF = prolactin inhibiting factor
FSH * follicle stimulating hormone PNMT = phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
GH = growth hormone PRA = plasma renin activity
HC s hole cross PWL = physical work load
HC = hypoglycémie convulsion RATS = renin-angiotensin system
Hct - hematocrit RBC = red blood cells
HGH = human growth hormone RNA = ribonucleic acid
5-HIAA = 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid RR ■ rotating rod
HIOMT = hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase RT = rectal temperature
HMT * histamine N-methyltransferase SA = sliding angle
HPT = hypothalamus SAH * S-adenosylmethionine
HR β heart rate SB = spring balance
HS A «■ human serum albumin SC = stressed controls
5-HT * serotonin = 5-hydroxytryptamine SCGX = superior cervical ganglionectomized
5-HTP = 5-hydroxytryptophan SCO = subcommissural organ
HVA ■ homovanillic acid SCT ■ salmon calcitonin
Hypox * hypophysectomized SFO = subfornical organ
xiii
XIV Abbreviations
SH = spontaneously hypertensive
SHM = spontaneously hypertensive mice
SHR = spontaneously hypertensive rats
S-NAT = serotonin N-acetyltransferase
SNS = sympathetic nervous system
SPF = specific-pathogen-free
T3 = triiodothyronine
T4 = thyroxine
TAT = tyrosine aminotransferase
TCA = trichloracetic acid
TH = tyrosine hydroxylase
THO = tritiated water
THy = tryptophan hydroxylase
Tre = body temperature
TRF, cf. TRH
TRH = thyrotropin releasing hormone
tRNA = transfer ribonucleic acid
TSH = thyroid stimulating hormone
VCF = force achieved with MVC
VMA. = vanillylmandelic acid = 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-
mandelic acid
VNB = ventral noradrenergic bundle
WHO = World Health Organization
WK = Wistar-Kyoto
PARTICIPANTS
There were 116 participants at the International Symposium on Catecholamines and Stress, repre-
senting 15 countries: Canada, Czechoslovakia, France, Great Britain, Holland, Hungary, India, Japan,
Poland, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, U.S.S.R. and Yugoslavia.
Ahlers, I. KoSice, Czechoslovakia Lângog, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Ahlersovâ, E. KoSice, Czechoslovakia LeBlanc, J. Quebec City, Canada
Aisene, E. Paris, France Lichardus, B. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Albrecht, I. Kr2, Czechoslovakia Macho, L. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Babusikova, F. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Malâtovâ, Z. KoSice, Czechoslovakia
Balaz", V. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Matlina, E. Sh. Moscow, U.S.S.R.
BalazOvjech, I. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Mejsnar, J. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Bargiel, Z. Torun, Poland Mikes', Z. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Barta, E. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Mikulaj, L. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Benedeczky, I. Budapest, Hungary Mitro, A. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Blaz*Î2ek, P. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Modigh, K. Göteborg, Sweden
Borchardt, R. T. Lawrence, Kansas Molinoff, P. B. Denver, Colorado
Bruthans, J. Prague, Czechoslovakia Moravec, J. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Bucher, B. Paris, France Mrâz, P. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Bulscak, P. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Mueller, R. A. Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Dlaba2, A. Prague, Czechslovakia Murgag, K. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Dobrakovovâ, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Naftchi, N. E. New York, N. Y.
Fatranskâ, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Nagatsu, T. Nagoya, Japan
Fekete, M. Budapest, Hungary Namboodiri, M. A. A. Bangalore, India
Gagnon, C. Basel, Switzerland Nazar, K. Warsaw, Poland
Ganong, W. F. San Francisco, California Németh, S. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Gero, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Nosâl, R. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Gerova, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Novotny, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Godefroy, F. Paris, France Nowica, H. Torun, Poland
Henry, J.P. Los Angeles, California Nyakas, C. Budapest, Hungary
Hidaka, H. Aichi, Japan Otten, U. Basel, Switzerland
Holzbauer-Sharman, M. Cambridge, England PalkoviS, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Hrnciar, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Palkovits, M. Budapest, Hungary
Huszti, Z. Budapest, Hungary Paullkova, E. KoSice, Czechoslovakia
Illnerovâ, H. Kr2, Czechoslovakia Petrovid, V. Belgrad, Yugoslavia
Inczinger, F. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia Pfeifer, W. D. Norwich, Connecticut
Jacobowitz, D. Bethesda, Maryland Podoba, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Jahnovâ, E. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Poggioli, J. Orsay, France
Jansk^, L. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Reis, D.J. New York, N. Y.
Jedlicka, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
RepSekovâ, D. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Jurâni, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Saito, H. Basel, Switzerland
JurcovicOvâ, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Saleh, N. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Kaciuba-Uscilko, H. Warsaw, Poland
Sedlâk, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Kellerovâ, E. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Sharman, D. F. Cambridge, Great Britain
Kellerov^, E. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Stephens, D. B. Cambridge, Great Britain
Kenessey, A. Budapest, Hungary
Samudovsk^, J. Bardejov, Czechoslovakia
Klein, D. C. Bethesda, Maryland
Strbâk, V. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Klima, Z. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Telegdy, G. Pecs, Hungary
Knopp, J. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Torda, T. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Kobayashi, R. M. San Diego, California
Tordova, E. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Kopin, I. J. Bethesda, Maryland
Trabuchii, M. Milan, Italy
Korf, J. Groningen, Holland
TrSka, V. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Koufilovâ, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Udupa, K. N. Varanasi, India
Kovacs, P. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Usdin, E. Rockville, Maryland
Kozlowski, S. Warsaw, Poland
Valchâf, M. Prague, Czechoslovakia
Krieger, D. New York, N. Y.
Van Loon, G. R. Toronto, Canada
Kujalovâ, V. Prague, Czechoslovakia
VigaS, M. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
KuSela, L. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Vozâr, I. Ivanka pri Dunaji, Czechoslovakia
Kvetffansk^, R. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Wasilewska, E. Torun, Poland
Langer, P. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Weil-Fugazza, J. Paris, France
XV
XVI Participants
Weiner, N. Denver, Colorado
Weinshilboum, R. Rochester, Minnesota
Ziegelhöffer, A. Bratislava, Czechoslovakia
Zigmond, R. E. Cambridge, Great Britain
CATECHOLAMINES AND STRESS
Irwin J. Kopin
National Institute of Mental Health,
Laboratory of Clinical Science,
Bethesda. Maryland 20014
I am indeed privileged and honored to be chairman of this Symposium on Catechola-
mines and Stress. First I wish to express, on behalf of us all, our gratitude to the
Institute of Experimental Endocrinology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences for the
wonderful opportunity to visit this friendly and beautiful country. Dr. Vigas and
Dr. Kvetnansky and the local organizing committee are to be congratulated for the
attractive arrangements and stimulating program they have prepared for us.
The purpose of an introduction is to provide a suitable base and to create a re-
ceptive mood for the presentations and discussions to follow. It is appropriate as
well as instructive to acknowledge our debt to the progenitors of many of the con-
cepts which we will be discussing and to touch briefly on the milestones in the
evolution of our understanding of the role of catecholamines in stress.
Nearly one hundred years ago Claude Bernard (Ref. 1) first defined precisely the
concept that as organisms become more independent of their surroundings they develop
more complex ways of stabilizing their internal environment, in spite of shifts in
outer circumstances. Changes in the surroundings excite reactions to limit internal
disturbances in the organism. It was the nature and mechanisms of these reactions
which then became the subject of study.
The description by Oliver and Shaffer (Ref. 2) in 1895 of the remarkable activity
of adrenal extracts led to the subsequent isolation and characterization of epineph-
rine (or adrenaline) by Abel (Ref. 3). The effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation,
which had been extensively studied by Langley (Ref. 4), were strikingly similar to
the effects of the catecholamine. This, of course, led Elliott (Ref. 5), then a
graduate student in Langley's laboratory, to make the ingenious suggestion that an
adrenaline-like substance might be released from sympathetic nerve endings.
To Walter Cannon, however, must go the credit for the demonstration of the central
role of the sympatho-adrenal medullary system in orchestrating the elaborate complex
1