Catching up with the competition : trade opportunities and challenges for Arab countries PDF
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www .press .umich .edu michigan Catching Up with the Competition £5 i E Studi" i, In"motio,o/ E,o,omi" indud" WOf," d"ling with the theory, empirical analysis, and evaluation of international policies and institutions, in the area of international macroeconomics and finance, international trade theory and policy, as well as international legal and political economy. General Editor: Robert M. Stem Editorial Board: Alan Deardorff, Kathryn Dominguez, Barry Eichengreen, John H. Jackson, Robert Pahre, Gary Saxonhouse, Robert Staiger, Linda Tesar Keith E. Maskus, Peter M. Hooper, Edward E. Leamer, and J. David Richardson, Editors Quiet Pioneering: Robert M. Stern and His International Economic Legacy Bjarne S. 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Kindleberger Essays in History: Financial, Economic, Personal Keith Acheson and Christopher Maule Much Ado about Culture: North American Trade Disputes Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern u.s. Social Dimensions of Trade Policies Thomas Cottier and Petros C. Mavroidis, Editors Regulatory Barriers and the Principle of Non-Discrimination in World Trade Law Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarrouk Catching Up with the Competition: Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries Catching Up with the Com petition Trade Opportunities and Challenges for Arab Countries Bernard Hoekman and Jamel Zarro uk, Editors Ann Arbor THE liNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PREss Copyright © by the University of Michigan 2000 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America by The University of Michigan Press Manufactured in the United States of America Printed on acid-free paper 2003 2002 2001 2000 432 1 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. A elP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0-472-111S4-X (cloth: alk. paper) ISBN13 978-0-472-11154-1 (cloth) ISBN13 978-0-472-02646-3 (electronic) Contents Preface vii Tables, Figures, and Boxes ix Abbreviations and Acronyms xiii Introduction PART ONE Where Does the Region Stand? 1. Beyond the Year 2000: Implications of the Middle East's Recent Trade Performance Alexander J. Yeats and Francis Ng 9 2. Agricultural Trade and Rural Development in the Middle East and North Africa Dean A. DeRosa 45 3. Intra-Industry Trade of Arab Countries: An Indicator of Potential Competitiveness Oleh Havrylyshyn and Peter Kunzel 81 PART TWO Quantifying the Gains from Liberalization 4. Assessing the Implications for Lebanon of Free Trade with the European Union Will Martin 103 5. A Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and a Representative Arab Mediterranean Country: A Quantitative Assessment Thomas F. Rutherford, Elisabet E. Rutstrom, and David Tarr 145 6. Rents, Red Tape, and Regionalism: Economic Effects of Deeper Integration Bernard Hoekman and Denise Konan 171 vi Contents PART THREE Policy Challenges 7. Enhancing Egypt's Exports James H. Cassing, Samiha Fawzy, Denis Gallagher, and Hanaa Kheir-EI-Din 207 8. Regulatory Regimes and Trade Costs Jamel Zarro uk 227 9. Strengthening Intellectual Property Rights in Lebanon Keith E. Maskus 251 PART FOUR Institutional Options 10. The Greater Arab Free Trade Area: Limits and Possibilities Jamel Zarrouk 285 11. Benefiting from WTO Accession and Membership Bernard Hoekman and Jayanta Roy 307 Contributors 325 References 327 Preface The Middle East and North Africa region has been lagging behind much of the developing world in integrating into the world economy, as measured by the ratio of trade to GDP, growth of nontraditional exports, the share of intra industry trade, and inward foreign direct investment flows. The papers collected in this book analyze the recent trade performance of Arab countries and the trade policy strategies that have been pursued by governments in the region. Preferential trade agreements, both among Arab countries and between Arab countries and the European Union, have become a major instrument of trade policy reforms in the region. Many of the contributions to this volume explore the implications of the regional integration strategies that are being implemented and discuss options that might be considered by governments to further the objective of greater integration into the world economy. Acknowledgements A number of the papers that are included were originally prepared for other purposes and required significant reworking. We are very grateful to the authors of the papers for agreeing to undertake revisions and to have their work published in this book. We are also indebted to two anonymous referees for constructive comments on the draft manuscript, to Susan AI-Baker for copyediting and putting together the camera-ready manuscript, to Maria Kasi lag for helping finalize the manuscript, and to Ellen McCarthy of the University of Michigan Press for helping to bring this project to fruition. Disclaimer All opinions expressed by the authors are strictly personal and should not be attributed to any government, official agency, or institution with which they may be, or have been, affiliated. Bernard Hoekman and lamel Zarrouk Tables, Figures, and Boxes Tables 1.1 The Most Recent Year of Availability for Middle Eastern Countries' Trade Data 11 1.2 The 1997 Geographic Destination of Middle Eastern Countries' Exports 12 1.3 The Share of Middle Eastern Countries in OECD Total and Non-Oil Imports 1980, 1988, and 1997 14 1.4 The 1997 Product Composition ofOECD Imports from the Middle East 16 1.5 Industrial Countries' Thirty Largest 3-Digit SITC Non-Energy Import Products from the Middle East 18 1.6 Dynamic Products in Industrial Countries' Imports from the Middle East 21 1.7 1985 and 1997 IIT Ratios for Middle Eastern Countries 22 1.8 The Relative Importance of Parts and Components in Individual Middle Eastern Countries' Trade 24 1.9 The Impact of Competition, Demand, and Diversification on Middle Eastern Non-Oil Exports 27 1.10 The Share of Individual Countries in Intraregional Exports in the mid-1980s and 1990s 29 1.11 Middle Eastern Countries' Thirty Largest 3-Digit SITC Intraregional Exports in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s 30 1.12 Dynamic Products in Middle Eastern Countries' Regional Exports 32 1.13 1997 "Trade Intensity" Indices for Middle Eastern Countries' Exports 33 1.14 Implications of Middle Eastern Countries' Export Diversification Indices 35 1.15 Middle Eastern Countries' Trade Complementarity Indices 36
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