Catalysis: Volume 33

491 Pages·2021·21.719 MB·english

by  Spivey J., Han Y.-F., Shekhawat D. (ed.)

Catalysis
Volume 33
A Specialist Periodical Report
Catalysis
Volume 33
A Review of Recent Literature
Editors
James J. Spivey, Louisiana State University, USA
Yi-Fan Han, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai,
China
Dushyant Shekhawat, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA
Authors
Ejaz Ahmad, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, India
Amol P. Amrute, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Germany
Marimuthu Andiappan, Oklahoma State University, USA
Jun Cai, ShanghaiTech University, China
Prashant Deshlahra, Tufts University, USA
Chen Feng, University of Science and Technology of China, China
Rebecca Fushimi, Idaho National Laboratory, USA
Oz M. Gazit, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Georgios Giannakakis, Tufts University, USA
Jianli Hu, West Virginia University, USA
Yang Huang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
Changbum Jo, Inha University, Republic of Korea
Christine Khoury, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
Dong-il Kwon, Inha University, Republic of Korea
Tien Le, University of Oklahoma, USA
Zhi Liu, ShanghaiTech University, China
Paivi Ma¨ki-Arvela, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
Mark E. Mart´ınez-Klimov, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
Farshid Mohammadparast, Oklahoma State University, USA
Matthew M. Montemore, Tulane University, USA
Tong Mou, University of Oklahoma, USA
Pranjali D. Muley, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA
Dmitry Y. Murzin, Åbo Akademi University, Finland
Sergio Obrego´n, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leo´n, Mexico
Kamal Kishore Pant, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Sang-Eon Park, Inha University, Republic of Korea
Shireen Quereshi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
Sundaram Bhardwaj Ramakrishnan, Oklahoma State University, USA
Vicente Rodr´ıguez-Gonza´lez, Institute for Scientific and Technological
Research of San Luis Potosi, Mexico
Ferdi Schu¨th, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Germany
Dushyant Shekhawat, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA
Hongyang Su, University of Science and Technology of China, China
Ravi Teja A. Tirumala, Oklahoma State University, USA
Bin Wang, University of Oklahoma, USA
Weijia Wang, ShanghaiTech University, China
Yixiao Wang, Idaho National Laboratory, USA
Yuxin Wang, West Virginia University, USA
Hongliang Xin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA
Gregory Yablonsky, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA
Fan Yang, ShanghaiTech University, China
Jie Zeng, University of Science and Technology of China, China
Zhaoru Zha, Tufts University, USA
Qin Zhou, ShanghaiTech University, China
ISBN: 978-1-83916-204-6
PDF ISBN: 978-1-83916-312-8
EPUB ISBN: 978-1-83916-313-5
DOI: 10.1039/9781839163128
Print ISSN: 0140-0568
Electronic ISSN: 1465-1920
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021
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Preface
DOI: 10.1039/9781839163128-FP007
In Chapter 1, P. D. Muley, D. Shekhawat (National Energy Technology
Laboratory, USA), Y. Wang, and J. Hu (West Virginia University, USA)
provide an insight into the application of microwave heating to hetero-
geneouscatalysis.Thediscussioncoversthefundamentalsofmicrowave
heating, numerous applications of microwave-assisted heterogeneous
catalytic reactions, technological advances, and challenges of applying
microwave technology to heterogeneous catalysis. The advantages that
microwaveheatingoffersoverconventionalheatingmechanismsinclude
enhancedreactionrates,fasterheating,modularity,rapidshutdownand
start up, high product selectivity, increased catalytic activity and the
opportunity to be coupled with renewable energy sources. Microwave-
assisted heterogeneous catalysis shows promising potential as the next
generation of catalytic reactors.
In Chapter 2, M. Andiappan, S. B. Ramakrishnan, R. T. A. Tirumala,
F. Mohammadparast (Oklahoma State University, USA), T. Mou, T. Le,
and B. Wang (University of Oklahoma, USA) provide a review of the
current state of the art plasmonic photocatalysis through the rigorous
collection of literature. The work lays the foundation by discussing the
advantages of the visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalysis over the
conventional thermal energy-driven heterogeneous catalysis. Addition-
ally, the review gives fundamental insights into photocatalytic pathways
bywhichthecatalyticactivityandselectivityareenhancedonthesurface
of plasmonic photocatalysts. The review also delves into the computa-
tionalmethodsusedtopredictandunderstandthephotocatalyticactivity
andselectivityinplasmonicphotocatalysis.Theauthorsalsodiscussthe
currentchallenges,newopportunities,andfutureoutlookforplasmonic
photocatalysis.
In Chapter 3, Z. Zha, G. Giannakakis and P. Deshlahra (Tufts
University)reviewstudiesoncatalyststructureandreactionmechanisms
for vinyl acetate synthesis via heterogenous non-oxidative acetylene
acetoxylation and homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidative ethylene
acetoxylation.In doing so, they assess the complexityand similaritiesin
allthreesystemsandhighlighttheimportanceofcombiningexperiment
and computation to understand the mechanisms. In spite of many
studies on the method currently used in industry, heterogeneous ethyl-
eneacetoxylation,thereactionandcatalystdeactivationmechanismsand
the role of promoters and alloy composition are not fully resolved.
Aspects of reaction mechanism involving ethylene coupling with pre-
adsorbed high-coverage acetates have been established via detailed
surface science and DFT work, but other essential steps for steady state
catalysis describing how coverages and rate liming steps change with
conditions are not well-understood. Recent kinetic, isotopic measure-
ments and computations show that reaction orders, selectivity, and
kinetic relevance of elementary steps change significantly with reactant
Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | vii
(cid:2)c TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2021
pressures and surface coverage. Steps that account for kinetic coupling
between acetate formation and consumption can fully capture these
changes. Finally, they concluded that such a general mechanistic
framework can guide the design and development of more active,
selective, and stable catalysts for sustainable VA synthesis processes.
In Chapter 4, R. Fushimi, Y. Wang (Idaho National Laboratory, USA),
and G. Yablonsky (Washington University in Saint Louis, USA) present
the TAP (Temporal Analysis of Products) methodology as a unique tool
using gas pulsing for systematic control of catalyst composition that at
thesametimeprovidesprecisekineticcharacterization.Thetechniqueis
compared to more commonly used kinetic tools such as the continuous
stirred tank reactor and plug flow reactor for collecting kinetic data.
Theoretical methods for the analysis of exit flux temporal data are dis-
cussed along with more recently developed methods for calculation of
time dependent rate and concentration profiles. To highlight the utility
of the tool for addressing the composition/kinetics relationship, experi-
mental examples are presented that demonstrate surface coverage
changes within one pulse response, surface evolution over the course of
a multipulse sequence and changes in the context of pump/probe
dynamics.
InChapter5,C.KhouryandO.M.Gazit(IsraelInstituteofTechnology-
Technion, Israel) and M. M. Montemore (Tulane University, USA) review
the effect of a surface phase oxide (SPO) on metal support interactions
(MSI)andcatalysis.SPOsarethinoxidelayersonabulksubstrate,oftena
different oxide or a metal. This chapter highlights experimental and
computational findings concerning hierarchical catalysts composed of a
metal supported on a SPO deposited on an underlying support. It is
shown that the SPO is intrinsically different from its bulk support con-
figurationand how the SPO stateaffects the properties of the supported
metal and catalysis. Specific examples are given with respect to the
growth of the metal, the metal electronic state, the metal stability, and
the indirect effect of the underlying support. The chapter demonstrates
howcontrollingthepropertiesofSPObasedhierarchicalcatalystscanbe
a leveraged to controlling MSI and obtaining enhanced catalytic per-
formance in various reactions.
In Chapter 6, M. E. Mart´ınez-Klimov, P. M¨aki-Arvela and D. Y. Murzin
(ÅboAkademiUniversity,Finland)reviewtheprogressonupgradationof
bio-oil. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrocracking (HDC) are cata-
lytichydrotreatingprocessessuitablefortheproductionofrenewablejet
fuel, which is mainly composed of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons
(C8–C16). This chapter addresses current advances in HDO of model
compounds as well as real feeds over a variety of noble and transition
metal catalysts. The effects of bifunctional, bimetallic and sulfided
catalystsonactivityandselectivityarediscussed,togetherwiththeeffect
of support type on the reaction. High deoxygenation degree was suc-
cessfully demonstrated in HDO of fast pyrolysis oil over noble metal
catalysts.HDCactivityofvariousvegetableoilsisalsopresented,showing
promisingresultsforobtaininghydrocarbons.Theindustrialapplication
of HDO and HDC of real feedstocks is still rather limited due to fast
viii | Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi
catalyst deactivation and the complexity of the feedstock itself. Ultim-
ately, the chapter points out the future research, which addresses the
challengesof catalyststability and lowering reactionconditions through
newtechnologiesidentifiedinexistingliterature,suchaselectrocatalysis
and plasma utilization.
In Chapter 7, E. Ahmad (Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad,
India),S.Quereshi,andK.K.Pant(IndianInstituteofTechnology,Delhi,
India) discuss the catalytic and mechanistic insight from graphene
derived 2D catalysts in biomass conversion catalysis. The application of
transition metal dichalcogenides in acid catalysis and hydrodeoxygena-
tion of biomass-derived compounds have also been discussed. In add-
ition, growing interest in biomass conversion catalysis using other 2D
catalysts such as nitrogen-doped graphene oxide, carbon nitride, metal–
organic frameworks and metal carbides has been discussed with a per-
spective on the future research directions.
InChapter8,D.Kwon,C.Jo,andS.-E.Park(InhaUniversity,Republic
of Korea) outline recent achievements in the synthesis of hierarchical
zeolites with bottom-up and top-down strategies and their catalytic
demonstration.Thebenefitsconferredbyhierarchicalstructuressuchas
improved selectivity, catalyst stability, and capability in the contexts of
the reactions of bulky molecules and demonstrative applications in
catalytic reactions are discussed.
In Chapter 9, S. Obrego´n (Autonomous University of Nuevo Leo´n,
Mexico), and V. Rodr´ıguez-Gonz´alez (Institute for Scientific and Tech-
nological Research of San Luis Potosi, Mexico) review one-dimensional
titanate nanostructures, which exhibit better catalytic and adsorptive
properties than mixed oxide materials. From the advantage of their na-
notubular morphology, especially nanotubes synthesized in a one-step
hydrothermal process, these nanostructures exhibit interesting surface
defects,andtogetherwiththeirsurfaceareas,theystandasidealsurfaces
that can tailor and boost the catalytic- and photo-activity of other
materials in the form of nanocomposites. Several applications of these
nanostructures have been critically discussed in order to reveal their
importanceinthestabilityandhighdispersionofmetalnanoparticlesin
gasphasecatalyticprocesses.Moreover,theuseofthe1Dtitanatesisalso
discussed for the photocatalytic degradation of gases (VOCs, NOx, SOx,
andsoon),themineralizationofaqueousdrugsandorganiccompounds,
the disinfection of microorganisms harmful to public health and to
agricultural issues, as well as in the generation of alternative energy
sources such as hydrogen production and CO reduction, together with
2
their adsorptive properties.
In Chapter 10, A. A. Amrute (Max Planck Institute for Coal Research,
Germany,nowatA*Star,Singapore)andF.Schu¨th(MaxPlanckInstitute
for Coal Research, Germany) review the state-of-the-art of catalytic reac-
tionsinballmills.Whilemechanochemistryhasbeenstudiedforalong
time, catalytic reactions in ball mills are a relatively new research field,
withonlyscatteredreportsdatingearlierthanthe2000s.Inthefirstpart
of the chapter, the fundamentals of mechanochemical and mechan-
ocatalytic systems are discussed, such as the relevance of mechanical
Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | ix
forces for chemical reactions, the special effects brought about by ball
milling, and the types of mills used, together with their advantages and
disadvantages. A brief section then highlights the use of mechan-
ochemistry forthesynthesis ofcatalyticmaterials, before the majorpart
of the chapter is focused on different types of mechanocatalytic con-
versions, such as solid–solid reactions, organocatalytic transformations,
biomass conversion, and solid-catalyzed gas-phase reactions in mills.
The chapter concludes with a perspective on in-situ analysis during mil-
ling to improve the understanding of mechanocatalytic processes. Me-
chanocatalysis has emerged as a highly interesting research field, which
could also eventually find practical applications in industry.
InChapter11,H.XinandY.Huang(VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteand
State University, USA) review machine learning models and their appli-
cations in catalyst design with an emphasis on heterogeneous catalysis.
Examplesofrecentresearch work withvarious algorithms,features, and
learning strategies are provided for readers to better understand this
area. In addition, machine learning in homogeneous catalysis is also
briefly introduced with case study examples. Finally, challenges and
opportunities are discussed, and the authors believe that such outlooks
will be helpful for researchers who are entering this rapidly
emerging field.
In Chapter 12, Q. Zhou, J. Cai, W. Wang, Z. Liu and F. Yang (Shang-
haiTech University, China; State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials
for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) review recent reports
on the development of surface science techniques, that could measure
thesurfacestructure,electronicpropertiesandreactionintermediateson
catalytic materials during the reaction and at the spatial and temporal
limit. In the past decades, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to
developingsurfacesciencetechniquesthatcouldbeemployedforin-situ
studies of catalytic systems under ambient pressures, and as such to
bridge the pressure gap that has generally concerned the catalysis com-
munity. In this chapter, the progress in in-situ and ambient pressure
studiesofcatalyticreactionsoverwell-definedmodelcatalyticsystemsin
the past decade is reviewed, using scanning tunnelling microscopy
(STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Infrared reflection
adsorption spectroscopy(IRAS). These advanceshaveenabled molecular
understanding of chemical processes occurring at catalytically active
surfaces and interfaces. Finally, a brief outlook on developments in
combining microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques is also
given, that could open a new horizon for catalytic science.
In Chapter 13, C. Feng, H. Su and J. Zeng (National Laboratory for
Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-
Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Inter-
face Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Insti-
tutes, University of Science and Technology of China, China) review
electrocatalysts from the fundamental concepts to application per-
spectives. The specific reaction mechanisms and activity descriptors of
electrochemicaloxygenreduction,hydrogenevolution,oxygenevolution,
x | Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi
carbondioxidereduction,andnitrogenreductionarediscussedindetail.
The introduction into each category of electrocatalysts helps to under-
stand the structure–property relationship and provides extensive meth-
ods to improve the catalytic performance.
James J. Spivey, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA.
E-mail: [email protected]
Yi-fan Han, East China University of Science and Technology,
Shanghai, China. E-mail: [email protected]
Dushyant Shekhawat, US Department of Energy, National Energy
Technology Laboratory, USA.
E-mail: [email protected]
Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | xi