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Catalysis: Volume 33 PDF

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Catalysis Volume 33 A Specialist Periodical Report Catalysis Volume 33 A Review of Recent Literature Editors James J. Spivey, Louisiana State University, USA Yi-Fan Han, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Dushyant Shekhawat, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA Authors Ejaz Ahmad, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, India Amol P. Amrute, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Germany Marimuthu Andiappan, Oklahoma State University, USA Jun Cai, ShanghaiTech University, China Prashant Deshlahra, Tufts University, USA Chen Feng, University of Science and Technology of China, China Rebecca Fushimi, Idaho National Laboratory, USA Oz M. Gazit, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Georgios Giannakakis, Tufts University, USA Jianli Hu, West Virginia University, USA Yang Huang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Changbum Jo, Inha University, Republic of Korea Christine Khoury, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Israel Dong-il Kwon, Inha University, Republic of Korea Tien Le, University of Oklahoma, USA Zhi Liu, ShanghaiTech University, China Paivi Ma¨ki-Arvela, Åbo Akademi University, Finland Mark E. Mart´ınez-Klimov, Åbo Akademi University, Finland Farshid Mohammadparast, Oklahoma State University, USA Matthew M. Montemore, Tulane University, USA Tong Mou, University of Oklahoma, USA Pranjali D. Muley, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA Dmitry Y. Murzin, Åbo Akademi University, Finland Sergio Obrego´n, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leo´n, Mexico Kamal Kishore Pant, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Sang-Eon Park, Inha University, Republic of Korea Shireen Quereshi, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India Sundaram Bhardwaj Ramakrishnan, Oklahoma State University, USA Vicente Rodr´ıguez-Gonza´lez, Institute for Scientific and Technological Research of San Luis Potosi, Mexico Ferdi Schu¨th, Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Germany Dushyant Shekhawat, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA Hongyang Su, University of Science and Technology of China, China Ravi Teja A. Tirumala, Oklahoma State University, USA Bin Wang, University of Oklahoma, USA Weijia Wang, ShanghaiTech University, China Yixiao Wang, Idaho National Laboratory, USA Yuxin Wang, West Virginia University, USA Hongliang Xin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Gregory Yablonsky, Washington University in Saint Louis, USA Fan Yang, ShanghaiTech University, China Jie Zeng, University of Science and Technology of China, China Zhaoru Zha, Tufts University, USA Qin Zhou, ShanghaiTech University, China ISBN: 978-1-83916-204-6 PDF ISBN: 978-1-83916-312-8 EPUB ISBN: 978-1-83916-313-5 DOI: 10.1039/9781839163128 Print ISSN: 0140-0568 Electronic ISSN: 1465-1920 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021 All rights reserved Apart from fair dealing for the purposes of research for non-commercial purposes or for private study, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Royal Society of Chemistry or the copyright owner, or in the case of reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to The Royal Society of Chemistry at the address printed on this page. Whilst this material has been produced with all due care, The Royal Society of Chemistry cannot be held responsible or liable for its accuracy and completeness, nor for any consequences arising from any errors or the use of the information contained in this publication. The publication of advertisements does not constitute any endorsement by The Royal Society of Chemistry or Authors of any products advertised. The views and opinions advancedbycontributorsdonotnecessarilyreflectthoseofTheRoyalSociety ofChemistrywhichshallnotbeliableforanyresultinglossordamagearising as a result of reliance upon this material. The Royal Society of Chemistry is a charity, registered in England and Wales,Number207890,andacompanyincorporatedinEnglandbyRoyal Charter (Registered No. RC000524), registered office: Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BA, UK, Telephone: þ44 (0) 207 4378 6556. For further information see our web site at www.rsc.org Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY Preface DOI: 10.1039/9781839163128-FP007 In Chapter 1, P. D. Muley, D. Shekhawat (National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA), Y. Wang, and J. Hu (West Virginia University, USA) provide an insight into the application of microwave heating to hetero- geneouscatalysis.Thediscussioncoversthefundamentalsofmicrowave heating, numerous applications of microwave-assisted heterogeneous catalytic reactions, technological advances, and challenges of applying microwave technology to heterogeneous catalysis. The advantages that microwaveheatingoffersoverconventionalheatingmechanismsinclude enhancedreactionrates,fasterheating,modularity,rapidshutdownand start up, high product selectivity, increased catalytic activity and the opportunity to be coupled with renewable energy sources. Microwave- assisted heterogeneous catalysis shows promising potential as the next generation of catalytic reactors. In Chapter 2, M. Andiappan, S. B. Ramakrishnan, R. T. A. Tirumala, F. Mohammadparast (Oklahoma State University, USA), T. Mou, T. Le, and B. Wang (University of Oklahoma, USA) provide a review of the current state of the art plasmonic photocatalysis through the rigorous collection of literature. The work lays the foundation by discussing the advantages of the visible-light-driven plasmonic photocatalysis over the conventional thermal energy-driven heterogeneous catalysis. Addition- ally, the review gives fundamental insights into photocatalytic pathways bywhichthecatalyticactivityandselectivityareenhancedonthesurface of plasmonic photocatalysts. The review also delves into the computa- tionalmethodsusedtopredictandunderstandthephotocatalyticactivity andselectivityinplasmonicphotocatalysis.Theauthorsalsodiscussthe currentchallenges,newopportunities,andfutureoutlookforplasmonic photocatalysis. In Chapter 3, Z. Zha, G. Giannakakis and P. Deshlahra (Tufts University)reviewstudiesoncatalyststructureandreactionmechanisms for vinyl acetate synthesis via heterogenous non-oxidative acetylene acetoxylation and homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidative ethylene acetoxylation.In doing so, they assess the complexityand similaritiesin allthreesystemsandhighlighttheimportanceofcombiningexperiment and computation to understand the mechanisms. In spite of many studies on the method currently used in industry, heterogeneous ethyl- eneacetoxylation,thereactionandcatalystdeactivationmechanismsand the role of promoters and alloy composition are not fully resolved. Aspects of reaction mechanism involving ethylene coupling with pre- adsorbed high-coverage acetates have been established via detailed surface science and DFT work, but other essential steps for steady state catalysis describing how coverages and rate liming steps change with conditions are not well-understood. Recent kinetic, isotopic measure- ments and computations show that reaction orders, selectivity, and kinetic relevance of elementary steps change significantly with reactant Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | vii (cid:2)c TheRoyalSocietyofChemistry2021 pressures and surface coverage. Steps that account for kinetic coupling between acetate formation and consumption can fully capture these changes. Finally, they concluded that such a general mechanistic framework can guide the design and development of more active, selective, and stable catalysts for sustainable VA synthesis processes. In Chapter 4, R. Fushimi, Y. Wang (Idaho National Laboratory, USA), and G. Yablonsky (Washington University in Saint Louis, USA) present the TAP (Temporal Analysis of Products) methodology as a unique tool using gas pulsing for systematic control of catalyst composition that at thesametimeprovidesprecisekineticcharacterization.Thetechniqueis compared to more commonly used kinetic tools such as the continuous stirred tank reactor and plug flow reactor for collecting kinetic data. Theoretical methods for the analysis of exit flux temporal data are dis- cussed along with more recently developed methods for calculation of time dependent rate and concentration profiles. To highlight the utility of the tool for addressing the composition/kinetics relationship, experi- mental examples are presented that demonstrate surface coverage changes within one pulse response, surface evolution over the course of a multipulse sequence and changes in the context of pump/probe dynamics. InChapter5,C.KhouryandO.M.Gazit(IsraelInstituteofTechnology- Technion, Israel) and M. M. Montemore (Tulane University, USA) review the effect of a surface phase oxide (SPO) on metal support interactions (MSI)andcatalysis.SPOsarethinoxidelayersonabulksubstrate,oftena different oxide or a metal. This chapter highlights experimental and computational findings concerning hierarchical catalysts composed of a metal supported on a SPO deposited on an underlying support. It is shown that the SPO is intrinsically different from its bulk support con- figurationand how the SPO stateaffects the properties of the supported metal and catalysis. Specific examples are given with respect to the growth of the metal, the metal electronic state, the metal stability, and the indirect effect of the underlying support. The chapter demonstrates howcontrollingthepropertiesofSPObasedhierarchicalcatalystscanbe a leveraged to controlling MSI and obtaining enhanced catalytic per- formance in various reactions. In Chapter 6, M. E. Mart´ınez-Klimov, P. M¨aki-Arvela and D. Y. Murzin (ÅboAkademiUniversity,Finland)reviewtheprogressonupgradationof bio-oil. Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrocracking (HDC) are cata- lytichydrotreatingprocessessuitablefortheproductionofrenewablejet fuel, which is mainly composed of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (C8–C16). This chapter addresses current advances in HDO of model compounds as well as real feeds over a variety of noble and transition metal catalysts. The effects of bifunctional, bimetallic and sulfided catalystsonactivityandselectivityarediscussed,togetherwiththeeffect of support type on the reaction. High deoxygenation degree was suc- cessfully demonstrated in HDO of fast pyrolysis oil over noble metal catalysts.HDCactivityofvariousvegetableoilsisalsopresented,showing promisingresultsforobtaininghydrocarbons.Theindustrialapplication of HDO and HDC of real feedstocks is still rather limited due to fast viii | Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi catalyst deactivation and the complexity of the feedstock itself. Ultim- ately, the chapter points out the future research, which addresses the challengesof catalyststability and lowering reactionconditions through newtechnologiesidentifiedinexistingliterature,suchaselectrocatalysis and plasma utilization. In Chapter 7, E. Ahmad (Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, India),S.Quereshi,andK.K.Pant(IndianInstituteofTechnology,Delhi, India) discuss the catalytic and mechanistic insight from graphene derived 2D catalysts in biomass conversion catalysis. The application of transition metal dichalcogenides in acid catalysis and hydrodeoxygena- tion of biomass-derived compounds have also been discussed. In add- ition, growing interest in biomass conversion catalysis using other 2D catalysts such as nitrogen-doped graphene oxide, carbon nitride, metal– organic frameworks and metal carbides has been discussed with a per- spective on the future research directions. InChapter8,D.Kwon,C.Jo,andS.-E.Park(InhaUniversity,Republic of Korea) outline recent achievements in the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites with bottom-up and top-down strategies and their catalytic demonstration.Thebenefitsconferredbyhierarchicalstructuressuchas improved selectivity, catalyst stability, and capability in the contexts of the reactions of bulky molecules and demonstrative applications in catalytic reactions are discussed. In Chapter 9, S. Obrego´n (Autonomous University of Nuevo Leo´n, Mexico), and V. Rodr´ıguez-Gonz´alez (Institute for Scientific and Tech- nological Research of San Luis Potosi, Mexico) review one-dimensional titanate nanostructures, which exhibit better catalytic and adsorptive properties than mixed oxide materials. From the advantage of their na- notubular morphology, especially nanotubes synthesized in a one-step hydrothermal process, these nanostructures exhibit interesting surface defects,andtogetherwiththeirsurfaceareas,theystandasidealsurfaces that can tailor and boost the catalytic- and photo-activity of other materials in the form of nanocomposites. Several applications of these nanostructures have been critically discussed in order to reveal their importanceinthestabilityandhighdispersionofmetalnanoparticlesin gasphasecatalyticprocesses.Moreover,theuseofthe1Dtitanatesisalso discussed for the photocatalytic degradation of gases (VOCs, NOx, SOx, andsoon),themineralizationofaqueousdrugsandorganiccompounds, the disinfection of microorganisms harmful to public health and to agricultural issues, as well as in the generation of alternative energy sources such as hydrogen production and CO reduction, together with 2 their adsorptive properties. In Chapter 10, A. A. Amrute (Max Planck Institute for Coal Research, Germany,nowatA*Star,Singapore)andF.Schu¨th(MaxPlanckInstitute for Coal Research, Germany) review the state-of-the-art of catalytic reac- tionsinballmills.Whilemechanochemistryhasbeenstudiedforalong time, catalytic reactions in ball mills are a relatively new research field, withonlyscatteredreportsdatingearlierthanthe2000s.Inthefirstpart of the chapter, the fundamentals of mechanochemical and mechan- ocatalytic systems are discussed, such as the relevance of mechanical Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | ix forces for chemical reactions, the special effects brought about by ball milling, and the types of mills used, together with their advantages and disadvantages. A brief section then highlights the use of mechan- ochemistry forthesynthesis ofcatalyticmaterials, before the majorpart of the chapter is focused on different types of mechanocatalytic con- versions, such as solid–solid reactions, organocatalytic transformations, biomass conversion, and solid-catalyzed gas-phase reactions in mills. The chapter concludes with a perspective on in-situ analysis during mil- ling to improve the understanding of mechanocatalytic processes. Me- chanocatalysis has emerged as a highly interesting research field, which could also eventually find practical applications in industry. InChapter11,H.XinandY.Huang(VirginiaPolytechnicInstituteand State University, USA) review machine learning models and their appli- cations in catalyst design with an emphasis on heterogeneous catalysis. Examplesofrecentresearch work withvarious algorithms,features, and learning strategies are provided for readers to better understand this area. In addition, machine learning in homogeneous catalysis is also briefly introduced with case study examples. Finally, challenges and opportunities are discussed, and the authors believe that such outlooks will be helpful for researchers who are entering this rapidly emerging field. In Chapter 12, Q. Zhou, J. Cai, W. Wang, Z. Liu and F. Yang (Shang- haiTech University, China; State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) review recent reports on the development of surface science techniques, that could measure thesurfacestructure,electronicpropertiesandreactionintermediateson catalytic materials during the reaction and at the spatial and temporal limit. In the past decades, tremendous efforts have been dedicated to developingsurfacesciencetechniquesthatcouldbeemployedforin-situ studies of catalytic systems under ambient pressures, and as such to bridge the pressure gap that has generally concerned the catalysis com- munity. In this chapter, the progress in in-situ and ambient pressure studiesofcatalyticreactionsoverwell-definedmodelcatalyticsystemsin the past decade is reviewed, using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy(IRAS). These advanceshaveenabled molecular understanding of chemical processes occurring at catalytically active surfaces and interfaces. Finally, a brief outlook on developments in combining microscopic and spectroscopic surface techniques is also given, that could open a new horizon for catalytic science. In Chapter 13, C. Feng, H. Su and J. Zeng (National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly- Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Inter- face Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Insti- tutes, University of Science and Technology of China, China) review electrocatalysts from the fundamental concepts to application per- spectives. The specific reaction mechanisms and activity descriptors of electrochemicaloxygenreduction,hydrogenevolution,oxygenevolution, x | Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi carbondioxidereduction,andnitrogenreductionarediscussedindetail. The introduction into each category of electrocatalysts helps to under- stand the structure–property relationship and provides extensive meth- ods to improve the catalytic performance. James J. Spivey, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Yi-fan Han, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. E-mail: [email protected] Dushyant Shekhawat, US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Catalysis,2021,33,vii–xi | xi

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