Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and Impacts

210 Pages·2015·15.074 MB·English

by  Thomas P. Umile

CHEMISTRY U Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology
m
ile Series Editor: Michael C. Cann
Catalysis for
Catalysis for
Sustainability
Sustainability
Goals, Challenges, and Impacts
Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and Impacts explores the
intersection between catalytic science and sustainable technologies as a means to
C Goals, Challenges, and Impacts
addressing current economic, social, and environmental problems. These problems
include harnessing alternative energy sources, pollution prevention and remediation, a
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and the manufacturing of commodity products. a
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The book describes the nature of catalysis regarding sustainability and presents
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challenges to accomplishing sustainability as well as the significance of proven or i
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potential success. The contributors have backgrounds in academia and industry to

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create a more integrated picture of the issues involving sustainability and catalysis.
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Broad in scope, the book covers topics such as traditional metal-mediated
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catalysis, organocatalysis, biocatalysis, biomimicry, and heterogeneous catalysis.
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It includes chapters dedicated to specific research areas of catalysis as they s
pertain to their effectiveness, their economic and environmental benefits, and the t
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challenges researchers face in actualizing solutions. It also contains a chapter on
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the application of life cycle analysis to catalytic processes, demonstrating the need
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to holistically consider the sustainable impacts of a process. The book can be read
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in a straightforward fashion or skimmed without forfeiting understanding of the
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narrative on the strategies and intentions of research and development. i
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Throughout the book the requirements of sustainability are measured by the triple
bottom line of environmental, economic, and social impacts. It highlights real-
world implementations of catalytic processes in drug development, manufacturing,
polymers, and energy. Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and
Impacts is a strong and versatile text. It provides an introduction to the field and the
issues with which it is concerned, as well as a detailed and far-reaching discussion
on current achievements and future progress.
Edited by
K20314
Thomas P. Umile
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
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Catalysis for
Sustainability
Goals, Challenges, and Impacts
Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology
Series Editor: Michael C. Cann, Ph.D.
Professor of Chemistry and Co-Director of Environmental Science
University of Scranton, Pennsylvania
Preface to the Series
Sustainability is rapidly moving from the wings to center stage. Overconsumption of non-
renewable and renewable resources, as well as the concomitant production of waste has
brought the world to a crossroads. Green chemistry, along with other green sciences
technologies, must play a leading role in bringing about a sustainable society. The
Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology series focuses
on the role science can play in developing technologies that lessen our environmental
impact. This highly interdisciplinary series discusses significant and timely topics ranging
from energy research to the implementation of sustainable technologies. Our intention
is for scientists from a variety of disciplines to provide contributions that recognize how
the development of green technologies affects the triple bottom line (society, economic,
and environment). The series will be of interest to academics, researchers, professionals,
business leaders, policy makers, and students, as well as individuals who want to know
the basics of the science and technology of sustainability.
Michael C. Cann
Published Titles
Green Chemistry for Environmental Sustainability
Edited by Sanjay Kumar Sharma, Ackmez Mudhoo, 2010
Microwave Heating as a Tool for Sustainable Chemistry
Edited by Nicholas E. Leadbeater, 2010
Green Organic Chemistry in Lecture and Laboratory
Edited by Andrew P. Dicks, 2011
A Novel Green Treatment for Textiles:
Plasma Treatment as a Sustainable Technology
C. W. Kan, 2014
Environmentally Friendly Syntheses Using Ionic Liquids
Edited by Jairton Dupont, Toshiyuki Itoh, Pedro Lozano, Sanjay V. Malhotra, 2015
Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and Impacts
Edited by Thomas P. Umile, 2015
Sustainability: Contributions through Science and Technology
Series Editor: Michael C. Cann
Catalysis for
Sustainability
Goals, Challenges, and Impacts
Edited by
Thomas P. Umile
Gwynedd Mercy University
Pennsylvania, USA
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20150602
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-8686-4 (eBook - PDF)
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Editor ........................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ..............................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Catalysts and Sustainability .................................................................1
Thomas P. Umile
Chapter 2 Transition Metal Catalysis for Organic Synthesis ..............................23
Jeremy R. Andreatta and Meghna Dilip
Chapter 3 Application of Organocatalysis in Sustainable Synthesis ..................47
Craig Jamieson and Allan J. B. Watson
Chapter 4 Learning from Biology: Biomimetic Catalysis ..................................83
Thomas P. Umile and Ryan S. Buzdygon
Chapter 5 Biocatalytic Solutions for Green Chemistry ....................................113
Erika M. Milczek and Birgit Kosjek
Chapter 6 Montmorillonite Clays as Heterogeneous Catalysts
for Organic Reactions .......................................................................137
Matthew R. Dintzner
Chapter 7 Harnessing Solar Energy: Transition Metal Catalysts
for the Water Oxidation Process ......................................................149
Margaret H. Roeder, Bryan C. Eigenbrodt, and Jared J. Paul
Chapter 8 Life Cycle Thinking Informs Catalysis Choice
and Green Chemistry .......................................................................177
Philip Nuss
v

Preface
How can we ensure that the growth and success of our society is not at the expense
of future generations’ prosperity? We must “simply” temper our aspirations with the
recognition that a finite number of resources (natural, economic, or otherwise) are
available to adequately meet our needs. Additionally, it helps to recognize that the
decisions each person, community, and organization make affect each other and are
interconnected. Achieving a sustainable society, accordingly, is a multifaceted chal­
lenge that requires input from entrepreneurs, governmental agencies and leaders, and
the general public as well as scientific advancements and technological innovations.
Providing goods and services in a sustainable manner requires the efficient manipu­
lation of matter and energy; therefore, much responsibility falls upon chemists and
chemical engineers to address the concerns of sustainability.
Catalysts are one of the many tools that the chemist has available to address the
needs of sustainability. Catalysts, materials that enhance the speed of chemical reac­
tions, have already found widespread application for the production of a vast major­
ity of the products we consume, including food, clothing, pharmaceuticals, fuels, and
plastics. Additionally, catalysts have an almost intrinsic capacity to directly address
the needs of sustainability by lowering energy costs, making chemical reactions
more selective, increasing the efficiency of resource consumption, and providing
novel pathways for using alternative chemical feedstocks to produce goods.
Catalysis for Sustainability explores the intersection between catalytic science
and sustainable technologies. Throughout this volume, the goals of research to
develop new catalysts, the challenges to overcome, and the effects of success are dis­
cussed as they pertain to sustainability. The opening chapter provides an introduc­
tion to the science of catalysis and its potential effects on sustainability so that all
readers are similarly oriented before encountering subsequent chapters that explore
individual research areas in catalysis and sustainable science. In assembling a team
of contributors, scientists were recruited from both academia and industry to pro­
vide diverse perspectives on research and practical applications. Their contributions
explore various research areas within catalysis pertaining to sustainability, provid­
ing insights on the goals of a given field, the challenges to attaining those goals, and
the (demonstrated or potential) effects of success. What follows are not compre­
hensive literature reviews. Each topic has been reviewed before and reviewed well,
and a fitting, thorough treatment of each could fill entire volumes let alone a single
chapter. Instead, our contributors explain the importance of a given field, describe
how advances can help us to achieve a more sustainable world, present challenges to
attaining such goals, and provide information on the effect of success.
A background in chemistry is helpful for fully navigating this text, but all read­
ers should find something interesting herein. The “chemistry­heavy” sections can
be skimmed in many places without forfeiting the narrative on the breadth, strate­
gies, and intended impacts of catalysis research and development as they relate to
sustainability. At its core, however, Catalysis for Sustainability is the book I wish
vii
viii Preface
I had as a senior undergraduate or young graduate student. Although many excellent
texts, review articles, and themed journal issues have been dedicated to the theme
of catalysis and green or sustainable chemistry, such detailed reviews and technical
accounts can be intimidating to a novice. (A thorough review article I recently came
across “weighed in” at over 130 pages: an intimidating read for even an expert!) We
attempted to make Catalysis for Sustainability accessible to as broad an audience
as possible, but the young chemists and scientists out there are our primary audi­
ence. Our future scientists will inherit the problems of resource and energy use that
older generations either created (or inherited ourselves without fixing). If this text
inspires just one young, future scientist to focus their graduate research or career on
the themes presented herein, I will consider this endeavor an overwhelming success.
Before I close, I must thank a number of people without whom the task of com­
pleting this text would have been impossible. Jack Kruper, Geoff Coates, Deana
Zubris, and Mark Jones provided many stimulating conversations about catalysis
and sustainability that influenced the shape of this project. Many thanks are nec­
essary for a panel of volunteers who reviewed portions of this book and offered
important advice as it developed: Laura E. Ator, Jacob W. Black, Nicholas C. Boaz,
Elizabeth A. Burzynski, Robert W. Davis, Kimberly S. Graves, Melissa C. Grenier,
Jyoti R. Tibrewala, Joseph C. Ulichny, and Purav P. Vagadia. Hilary Rowe, and
Laurie Oknowsky at Taylor & Francis deserve special recognition for dealing with
all of the delays and “11th hour” requests that accompanied the preparation of our
final product. Finally, I am infinitely grateful to series editor Michael C. Cann for
the invitation to prepare this volume and for first introducing me to green chemistry
during a lively 9:00 a.m. organic chemistry lecture many years ago.
Thomas P. Umile
Gwynedd Valley, Pennsylvania