Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control, Proceedings of the First International Symposium (CAPOC I) PDF
Preview Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control, Proceedings of the First International Symposium (CAPOC I)
Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis Advisory Editors: B. Delman and J.T. Yates Vol. 30 CATALYSIS AND AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION CONTROL Proceedings of the First International Symposium (CAPOC I), Brussels, September 8-11, 1986 Ed itors A. Crucq and A. Frennet Unite de Recherche sur la Catalyse, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Oxford - New York - Tokyo 1987 ELSEVIERSCIENCEPUBLISHERSB.V Sara Burgerhartstraat 25 P.O Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands Distriburors for the United States and Canada. ELSEVIERSCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY INC. 52, Vanderbilt Avenue New York, NY 10017, U.S.A. ISBN 0-444-42778-3 (Vol. 30) ISBN 0-444-41801-6 (Series) © Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1987 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Elsevier SCIence Publishers B.V./ Science & Technology Division, P.O. Box 330, 1000 AH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Special regulations for readers in the USA - This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CeCL Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the cee about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the copyright owner, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., unless otherwise specified. Printed in The Netherlands IX STUDIES IN SURFACE SCIENCE AND CATALYSIS Advisory Editors: B. Delmon, Unlversite Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-Ia-Neuve, Belgium J.T. Yates, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A. Volume 1 Preparation of Catalysts I. Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Proceedings of the First International Symposium held at the Solvay Research Centre, Brussels, October 14-17, 1975 edited by B. Delmon, P.A. Jacobs and G. Poncelet Volume 2 The Control of the Reactivity of Solids. A Critical Survey of the Factors that In- fluence the Reactivity of Solids, with Special Emphasis on the Control of the Chem- ical Processes in Relation to Practical Applications by V.V. Boldyrev, M. Bulens and B. Delmon Volume 3 Preparation of Catalysts II. Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, Louvain-Ia-Neuve, September 4-7, 1978 edited by B. Delmon, P. Grange, P. Jacobs and G. Poncelet Volume 4 Growth and Properties of Metal Clusters. Applications to Catalysis and the Photo- graph ic Process. Proceedings of the 32nd International Meeting of the Societe de Chimie Physique, Villeurbanne, September 24-28, 1979 edited by J. Bourdon Volume 5 Catalysis by Zeolites. Proceedings of an International Symposium organized by the Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse - CNRS - Villeurbanne and sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecully (Lyon), September 9-11, 1980 edited by B. Imelik, C. Naccache, Y. Ben Taarit, J.C. Vedrine, G. Coudurier and H. Praliaud Volume 6 Catalyst Deactivation. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Antwerp, October 13-15, 1980 edited by B. Delmon and G.F. Froment Volume 7 New Horizons in Catalysis. Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Catalysis, Tokyo, June 30-July 4,1980. Parts A and B edited by T. Seiyama and K. Tanabe Volume 8 Catalysis by Supported Complexes by Yu.1. Yermakov, B.N. Kuznetsov and V.A. Zakharov Volume 9 Physics of Solid Surfaces. Proceedings of the Symposium held in Bechyne, September 29-0ctober 3, 1980 edited by M. Laznicka Volume 10 Adsorption at the Gas-5olid and Liquid-5olid Interface. Proceedings of an Inter- national Symposium held in Alx-en-Provence, September 21-23, 1981 edited by J. Rouquerol and K.S.W. Sing Volume 11 Metal-Support and Metai·Additive Effects in Catalysis. Proceedings of an Interna- tional Symposium organized by the Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse - CNRS - Villeurbanne and sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Ecully (Lvonl.Beprember 14-16, 1982 edited by B. Imelik, C. Naccache, G. Couduriar, H. Praliaud, P. Meriaudeau, P. Gallezot, G.A. Martin and J.C. Vedrine Volume 12 Metal Microstructures in Zeolites. Preparation - Properties - Applications. Proceedings of a Workshop, Bremen, September 22-24,1982 edited by P.A. Jacobs, N.!. Jaeger, P. Jir(l and G. Schulz·Ekloff Volume 13 Adsorption on Metal Surfaces. An Integrated Approach edited by J. Benard Volume 14 Vibrations at Surfaces. Proceedings of the Third International Conference, Asilomar, CA, September 1-4, 1982 edited by C.R. Brundle and H. Morawitz x Volume 15 Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions Involving Molecular Oxygen by G.I. Golodets Volume 16 Preparation of Catalysts III. Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium, Louvain-Ia-Neuve, September 6-9, 1982 edited by G. Poncelet, P. Grange and P.A. Jacobs Volume 17 Spillover of Adsorbed Species. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Lyon-Villeurbanne, September 12-16,1983 edited by G.M. Pajonk, S.J. Teichner and J.E. Germain Volume 18 Structure and Reactivity of Modified Zeolites. Proceedings of an International Conference, Prague, July 9-13, 1984 edited by P.A. Jacobs, N.I. Jaeger, P. Jiru, V.B. Kazansky and G. Schulz-Ekloff Volume 19 Catalysis on the Energy Scene. Proceedings of the 9th Canadian Symposium on Catalysis, Quebec, P.Q., September 30-0ctober 3, 1984 edited by S. Kaliaguine and A. Mahay Volume 20 Catalysis by Acids and Bases. Proceedings of an International Symposium organized by the Institut de Recherches sur la Catalyse-CNRS-Villeurbanne and sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Villeurbanne (Lyon), September 25-27, 1984 edited by B. Imelik, C. Naccache, G. Coudurier, V. Ben Taarit and J.C. Vedrine Volume 21 Adsorption and Catalysis on Oxide Surfaces. Proceedings of a Symposium, Brunei University, Uxbridge, June 28-29, 1984 edited by M. Che and G.C. Bond Volume 22 Unsteady Processes in Catalytic Reactors by Vu.Sh. Matros Volume 23 Physics of Solid Surfaces 1984 edited by J. Koukal Volume 24 Zeolites: Synthesis, Structure, Technology and Application. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Portoroz-Pcrtorose, September 3-8, 1984 edited by B. Drzaj, S. HoCevar and S. Pejovnik Volume 25 Catalytic Polymerization of OIefins. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Future Aspects of Olefin Polymerization, Tokyo, July 4-6,1985 edited by T. Keii and K. Soga Volume 26 Vibrations at Surfaces 1985. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference, Bowness-on-Windermere, September 15-19, 1985 edited by D.A. King, N.V. Richardson and S. Holloway Volume 27 Catalvtic Hvdrogenation edited by L. Cerveny Volume 28 New Developments in Zeolite Science and Technology. Proceedings of the 7th International Zeolite Conference, Tokyo, August 17-22, 1986 edited by V. Murakami, A. lijima and J.W. Ward Volume 29 Metal Clusters in Catalysis. edited by B.C. Gates, L. Guczi and H. Knozinger Volume 30 Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control. Proceedings of the First International Symposium (CAPaC I), Brussels, September 8-11, 1986 edited by A. Crucq and A. Frennet XI FOREWORD In June 1984 the EEC Commission proposed new standards of permissible exhaust gas from motor vehicles to be introduced in Europe; these standards were approved by the Ministers of the Environment one year later. As the control of automotive pollution is at present mainly a catalytic problem, we thought this was a good opportunity to organize an International Symposium on the subject and an organizing committee composed of people engaged in catalytic research in the different Belgian Universities was constituted. As the symposium was the first one to be organized at international level in this otherwise very restricted scientific field, this decision may have initially appeared somewhat risky, but was justified by the success of the four-day symposium, with 177 people attending. Most participants came from the EEe countries, with large delegations from Belgium (33), France (32), West Germany (26), the United Kingdom (16) and the Netherlands (10) but we must note the size of the U.S. (20) and Swedish (10) delegations and the interest shown by people coming from Australia, China, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Switzerland and Venezuela. About 60% of the participants came from industry, mainly from the car and oil industries and catalyst manufacturers. The number of abstracts submitted was not very large (38) but as noted by the Paper Selection Committee and as the reader of the Proceedings will be able to judge for himself, the quality and the scientific interest of the papers presented are exceptional, and this was also true of the discussions following the presentation; un- fortunately these discussions are not published. The introduction of the new EEC standards raised some controversy in the industries concerned as well as in public opinion. That is why the organizers chose to devote the first day of the conference to a general introduction to the problem of pollution by exhaust gas. Seven invited lectures were presented and are published in these Proceedings, dealing with the effects of exhaust gas on human health and the environment, with the economical and legislative problems associated with the new EEC standards, and with the points of view of the oil and motor industries. The first day ended with a round table, with the participation of W.D.J. Evans, C. Gerryn, W. Groenendaal, H.Henssler, K. Taylor and M. Walsh; the ensuing general discussion, which is unfortunately not published, was very stimulating. The topics to be dealt with during the catalytic sessions included not only the catalytic converters, but also such problems as specific pollution control of diesel engines, synthesis of adequate fuels, and additives adapted to catalytic converters. Surprisingly, very few papers (3) were submitted and presented on these subjects, whereas 24 papers were devoted to fundamental and applied studies on catalytic converters, support preparation and base metal catalysts. Finally the organizers have been strongly encouraged by many parti- cipants to hold a follow-up symposium in a not-too-short delay of 2 to 3 years. We hope the CAPOC II Conference will generate the same interest as CAPOC I, the Proceedings of which are contained in this volume. XII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Organizing Committee is greatly indebted to Mr Ducarme, "Ministre de l'Environnement de l'Executif Regional Wallen", for his support and interest to this symposium and who accepted to give the opening address. The organizers also greatly appreciated the cooperation of the members of the organizing committee. In this respect, we are particularly grateful to W. Hecq, E. Cadron, M. Campinne and E. Derouane for the active part they have taken in the organization. The suggestions and advices of A. Derouane, G. Froment, A. Germain, G. Poncelet were very helpful. Special thanks are due to the members of the paper selection committee for their important contribution in selecting the proposed papers with conscientiousness (W.DJ. Evans, G. Leclercq, G. Maire, A. Pentenero, V. Ponec, M. Prigent). The Organizing Committee is indebted to all the authors of the lectures delivered during the introductory session who analyzed various points of view related to the general problem of pollution by motor vehicles exhaust gases : health, environment, economics. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the stimulating action of C. Gerryn as well in the organization of the symposium as in the introductory session. We also are grateful to K. Taylor for her outstanding general introductory lecture on the problem of exhaust catalysts. Special thanks to W.DJ. Evans for his active part in the paper selection committee and the scientific advisory board and who gave a remarkable general lecture on the exhaust catalyst. The Organizing Committee acknowledges the authors who presented papers, the Chairmen and all the participants who made the symposium fruitful. The Organizing Committee wants to associate with these acknowledgements the members of the "Unite de Recherche sur la Catalyse" of the "Universite Libre de Bruxelles" who contributed in various degrees to the success of this symposium: J.-M.Bastin, M.Cogniaux, L.Degols, J.-P.Demiddeleer, P.Moisin, B.Parmentier, G. Thiry, M.-N. Zauwen. We are indebted to the authorities of the "Universite Libre de Bruxelles'' who agreed that this meeting could be held in the facilities of the "Institut de Sociologie". The organizers, AFRENNET ACRUCQ Chairman of the Secretary of the Organizing Committee Organizing Committee XIII THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ACKNOWLEDGES THE FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF : Minlstere de I'Environnement de l'Executif Regional Wallon Federation BeIge des Industries de l'AutomobiIe et du Cycle (FEBlAC) Solvay & Cie S.A. Societe Chimique de Belgique Banque Bruxelles Lambert XIV LIST OF PARTICIPANTS A. FULL CONGRESS Andersson, Lennart Univ. Chalmers Goteborg Sweden Andersson, Soren EKANobelAB Sweden Ashworth, Richard T.!. Cheswick Silencers United Kingdom Baker, RG. Univ. Flinders Australia Baresel, D. Rob. Bosch West Germany Bauwens, Jean Cockerill Materials Ind. Belgium Bennett, C.O. Univ. Connecticut U.S.A. Berndt, Malte Doduco K.G. West Germany Blanchard, G. Rhone- Poulenc France Block, Jochen Fritz Haber Inst. West Germany Bordes, Elisabeth Univ. Compiegne France Boulhol, Olivier Ag. Qual. Air France Boulinguiez (Mrs) Elf France Bradt, Willy Clayton Belgium Brandt, Gerhard Ethyl Mineral Additives West Germany xv Cairns, J. UKAEA Harwell United Kingdom Campinne, M. Ecole Royale Militaire, Brussels Belgium Chapelet Letourneux, Gilbert ElfSolaize France Cheng San Univ. Compiegne France Chiron, Mireille INRETS France Colbourne, D. Shell West Germany Collette, Herve FNDP, Namur Belgium Cooper, Barry 1. Johoson Matthey USA Courtine, Pierre Univ. Compiegne France Crucq, Andre ULB, Brussels Belgium Darville FNDP, Namur Belgium Davies, MJ. UKAEA Harwell United Kingdom Deakin, Alan Ford United Kingdom Degols,Luc ULB, Brussels Belgium Delmon, Bernard UCL, Louvain La Neuve Belgium Dettling,1.e. Engelhard USA XVI Donnelly, Richard G. W.R. Grace & Co USA Douglas. J.M.K. Johnson Matthey United Kingdom Doziere, Richard IFP France Druart, Guy Soc. Bel. Gaz Petrole Belgium Dubas, Henri Ciba-Geigy Switzerland Duprez,D. Univ. Poitiers France Durand. Daniel IFP France Engler Degussa West Germany Evans, W.DJ. Johnson Matthey United Kingdom Finck, Francois Univ. L. Pasteur, Strasbourg France Fisher Galen B. General Motors USA Fitch, Frank Laporte Inorganics United Kingdom Fitoussi Rhone Poulenc France Foster, Al BP United Kingdom Fougere UTAC France Frennet, Alfred ULB, Brussels Belgium
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