Catalog of the Acanthaceae of Belize with taxonomic and phytogeographic notes

14 Pages·1997·9.6 MB·English

by  Thomas Daniel

CATALOG ACANTHACEAE
OF THE OF WITH
BELIZE
AND
TAXONOMIC PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC
NOTES
Thomas
Daniel
F.
Department Botany
of
Academy
California of Sciences
San 94118
Francisco, California
INTRODUCTION
Belize the second smallest country Central America, with an area of
in
is
about 23,000 square kilometers. has the lowest population density Central
in
It
America The
with about 9 people per square kilometer (Famighetti 1995). land-
swampy
scape comprises a low, often Caribbean coastal plain, numerous cays, and
a relatively low mountain range in the southern portion of the country. Approxi-
Dwyer
mately 3,200 species of flowering plants occur there (Spellman 1975;
et
al.
&
Spellman The comprehensive Guatemala 1958-
Flora (Standley
1981). of et
al.
making
1977) included Belize within geographic scope, thus the best source
its
it
of information for plants in this small nation.
Dwyer
and Spellman's (1981) hst of dicotyledonous plants in Belize provided
the most recent account of Acanthaceae for the country. They listed 50 species of
the family and cited collections for some of them. Daniel (1993) documented the
occurrence in Belize of two species {Carlowrightia myriantha and Justicia albo-
known
bractea) previously excluded or not from the country. Daniel (1995b) sub-
members
Acan-
sequently noted the presence in Belize of several additional of
document
thaceae Justicia candelariae and Ruellia hookeriana), but did not
(e.g.,
their occurrence by citing collections. Given the recent renewed interest in the
New
Mesoamericana
botanical resources of Belize the Flora project; the
(e.g.,
York
Botanical Garden's project to produce a checklist of the flora of Belize), a
Acanthaceae
verified account of the in Belize warranted.
is
documented from
In the following catalog, 47 species in 18 genera are Belize,
some for the time. These comprise 40 native species and seven introduced
first
Native Belizean Acanthaceae (Appendix) can be according
species. classified to
their overall distributions as widespread occurring over a broader area than
(i.e.,
defined below), regional restricted to the region from the Isthmus of Tehuan-
(i.e.,
tepec southern Mexico eastward through Guatemala, Belize, and the Yucatan
in
Peninsula to the lowlands of northwestern Honduras), local restricted to
(i.e.,
Belize and adjacent regions of Guatemala, Honduras, and/or the Yucatan Penin-
Mexico), and endemic The appendix shows
sula of restricted to Belize). that
(i.e.,
the greatest proportion of native species are widespread. Indeed, for the Belizean
flora as a whole, Lundell (1945) had noted that the majority of the species there
are widely distributed ones of the West Indies and the Caribbean slope of Mexico
A
and Central America. sizable percentage of Belizean Acanthaceae (30% of the
Meso-
native species) regional in distribution, that restricted to the northern
is is,
some
american region. If this region were extended slightly to include of the moist
to wet forests encountered further to the north in Veracruz, at least one additional
species here treated as widespread Dicliptera sumichrastii) would be added
(i.e.,
161
VOLUME
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM
162 21
A
Acanthaceae, Louteridium chartaceum,
to this category. single species of
is
endemic to Belize. This species was discussed by Daniel (1993) who, at that time,
noted three other endemic Acanthaceae in Belize. Each of the other three was
The
subsequently (Daniel 1995b) treated as also occurring outside of the country.
members
percentage of endemic Acanthaceae with respect to Belizean of the
all
2%.
family native and introduced) This percentage considerably lower
(i.e., is is
4.6-6% endemism Hampshire
provided by
than the estimate of (1989) for the
The endemism among Acan-
Belizean flora as a whole. percentage of Belizean
much among
thaceae also lower than that found Acanthaceae in nearby larger
is
and Guate
regions with considerably greater diversities of climate habitat,
e.g.,
mala (10%, 13 endemics/128 species; totals based on Gibson, 1974, with cor
i.e.,
rections in Daniel, 1995b, and various geographic updates) and Chiapas, Mexicc
(11%, 15 endemics/131 species; based on Daniel, 1995b). For more meaning
i.e.,
phytogeographic data, particularly regarding endemism, Belize should be re
ful
garded as part of a greater Yucatan region or divided into northern/drier anc
southern/moister regions that could be treated along with adjacent portions o
Wend
environmentally similar surrounding regions of Mexico and Guatemala
(cf.
1993: 596).
made
Collections have been of at least seven species of Acanthaceae {Androgra
Hemigmphis J
Thunbergia
phis gangetica, alternata, Ruellia coerulea, data, T. erecta,
fragrans, grandiflora) that have been introduced into Belize from other parts
T. o:
the world. These exotics include cultivated and/or naturalized species. Additiona
non-native Acanthaceae almost certainly are cultivated in the country.
Within the country, the greatest concentrations of species of Acanthaceae
are
found in the southern three districts (Fig This likely due to the diversity oi
1). is
Maya
habitats created southern Belize by the Mountains and the presence
in
tropical rain forest there. In spite of the greater diversity of species in the south,
particularly species associated with moist to wet forests Aphelandra auranti
(e.g.,
Louteridium
aca, Bravaisia grandiflora, Justicia albobractea, aurea, fimbriata,
J. J.
donnell-smithii, and Mendoncia spp.), the acanthaceous flora of Belize
mc
particularly Corozal, by "dry forest species" or species that are
in
in the northern portion of the Yucatan peninsula (e.g., Bravaisia berlandieria.
and
Carlowrightia myriantha, cainpechiana).
Justicia
Speliman remarked on West
the Indian influence
et (1975) floristic
al.
known
Belize. There are no Acanthaceae from the West Indies that occur on
i
American continent only in Belize. Although 10 of the 40 (25%) native Ac;
West
thaceae of Belize also occur in the Indies, ten are widely distributed
all
species, and none could be considered as primarily West Indian in distribution.
Interestingly, no Acanthaceae have been reported from any of the numerous
small islands (cays) off Belize (Fosberg et 1982).
al.
For each species included in the following annotated catalog, the district(s) o
occurrence and one more have examined and
or collections that identified
are
I
cited in order to voucher the occurrences and to provide a general indication
o:
distribution within the country. Identification keys to most of these species can be
found in the floristic accounts of Gibson (1974) for Guatemala and Daniel (1995b
for Chiapas, Mexico. Distinguishing features of species not treated those
in
many
accounts are provided herein. Because Acanthaceae thrive in disturbed
habitats and because portions of Belize remain inadequately collected, seems
it
members be found Based
likely that additional of the family will in the country.
on and
their overall distributions the likelihood of appropriate habitats in the
ACANTHACEAE
OF BELIZE
lEL:
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME
164
21
country, the following species might be expected to occur in Belize: Elytraria
bromoldes V.A.W. Graham,
Oerst., Justlcia carthagenensis Jacq., colorifera Pseu-
/.
datum
deranthemum
(Nees) Radlk., P. cuspldatum (Nees) Radlk., Ruellia inundata
duke
Kunth, R. paniculata L., Stenandrium (Cav.) Nees, pedunculatum (Donn.
S.
Sm.) Leonard, and subcordatum
Standi.
S.
CATALOG THE ACANTHACEAE
OF OF
BELIZE
Lindl. (including A. repanda Nees).
I
The
author of A. aurantiaca usually cited as "(Scheidw.) Lindl." Gib-
is (e.g.,
&
Wasshausen Durkee Dwyer
son 1974; 1975; 1978, 1986; Spellman 1981; Daniel
As me Mike Grayum
1991, 1995b). pointed out to by in a Hemisandra
letter,
aurantiaca Scheidw. a heterotypic synonym rather than the basionym A.
is of, of,
aurantiaca Lindl. for the following reason. In 1842, Scheidweiler published Hemis-
andra
aurantiaca. In Lindley's publication of A. aurantiaca in 1845, he cited the
He
synonym "Hesemasandra
aurantiaca, //orr." further noted (Lindley 1845) that
name
had been
plants with this exhibited at a horticultural meeting, but that the
name
was "not to be found in any Botanical books in our possession." Although
it
synonym nomen
very hkely
that the origin of Lindley's the horticultural
is
(i.e.,
novum) somehow
was derived from Scheidweiler's name, Lindley was
clearly
unaware
of Scheidweiler's pubHcation and, indeed, utilized a different generic
name
spelling for the he cited. Thus, Scheidweiler and Lindley described the same
same
species, utilizing the epithet, in different genera based on different speci-
name
mens. becomes
Scheidweiler's older, but, transferred to Aphelandra, a
is if
homonym
later of A. aurantiaca Lindl.
The name
A. repanda applies to a sporadic form of A. aurantiaca with narrow,
margined
sinuately leaves (see Daniel, 1991: 251).
m
& &
Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. A. deppeana Cham, Dwyer
(as Schltdl.
Spellman,
1981).
NY,
Belize: Croat 23905 US);
(F,
&
McDaniel
Clark 14348 Worth.
(F);
11942 (MICH, US), 11947 (MICH, US); Chanek 38 (MICH, US); Gentle 2392 (MICH, NY), 888
(CAS, F, US); Lundell 439 (CAS, F, US); Meave 1025 (MO); Meave & Howe 1164 (MO).— Corozai
Crane 506 (CAS); Gentle 202 (MICH, US); Kinloch 3 (F).—Orange Walk: Limclell 504 (DS, F, N\
&
US); Karling 12 (F), 51 (F).—Stann Creek: Daniel Butterwick 5877 (CAS); Molina R. 18 (F); Schipp 3
(F, MICH, NY, UC, US).—Toledo: Gentle 3774 (MICH, NY, US), 3775 (F, MICH, NY, US); Whitefoor,
(MO).—
1488 (MO), 1493 (MO), 1811 District Unknown: 11349 (MICH); Stocker 13
Bartlett (F).
Asystasia gangetica Anders.
(L.)
Stann Creek: Gentle 7866 US).
(F,
Old World
This species has not been heretofore reported from
Belize.
It
i
become
cultivated and has naturalized various America
in parts of tropical
(e.g.
Costa Rica and Panama). The genus not included in the treatments of Acan
is
ACANTHACEAE
DANIEL: OF BELIZE
1997 165
may
Guatemala
thaceae for (Gibson 1974) or Chiapas (Daniel 1995b). be dis-
It
tinguished from other Acanthaceae occurring Belize by the combination of
in
all
herbaceous didynamous stamens
habit, infundibular corolla, four with 2-the-
its
cous anthers, and four or fewer seeds lacking hygroscopic trichomes.
&
Dum. Dwyer
Barleria oenotheroides Cours. micans Nees Spellman
(as B. in 1981).
MICH,
Cayo: Balick 1990 (US); 11478 (CAS, US).
Bartiett
et
al.
The taxonomy and distribution of species were discussed by Daniel (1995a).
this
&
Dwyer
Urb. brownei Spellman
(as B. Juss. in
&
Belize: Dieckman 187 (MO); Liesner Dwyer 1441 (MO); Lundell 4212 (MICH).—Cayo: Croat
&
23701 (MO); Daniel Butterwick 5876 (CAS); Dwyer et 65 (MO); Lundell 4154 (F, MICH); Utley
al.
MO, NY).—
803 Corozal: Daniel 8270 (CAS).—Orange Walk: Daniel 7015 (CAS), 8256 (CAS);
(F,
&
US).—
Egler 42-95 Lundell 24 Stann Creek: Daniel Butterwick 5881 (CAS); Schipp S-134
(F); (F,
875 MICH, MO, NY, UC).—Toledo: Croat 24117 MO); Whitefoord 1549 (MO).
(F), (F, {F,
The name was by Daniel
correct for species discussed (1995a).
this
&
Dwyer
Bravaisia berlandieriana (Nees) T. F. Daniel (as B. tubiflora Hemsl. in
Spellman
1981).
Belize: Gentle 1193 (A, BM, G, GH, K, LL, MICH, MO, NY, US); McDaniel 13080 (MO).—
F,
ENCB,
Corozal: Balick 3306 (US); Crane 47 (LL), 321 (LL); Daniel 8265 (BR, C, CAS, K,
et
al.
MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, US); Davidse & Brant 32596 (CAS); Gentle 380 (CAS, MICH, US);
F,
&
Stevenson (F).— Orange Walk: Arnason Lambert 17152 (MO); Daniel 8263 (CAS); Winzerling
1
VlII-14 (US).— District Unknown: Campbell (K); Stevenson (US).
1 s.n.
A
monograph genus was provided by Daniel
of this (1988).
Donn. Sm.
Bravaisia grandiflora
myriantha
Carlowrightia (Standi.) Standi.
This species, reported from Belize by Daniel (1993), was not treated by Gib-
son (1974) or Daniel (1995b). differs from other Belizean Acanthaceae by the
It
mm
combination of stenotribal flowers; white to pink corollas 9-12 long with
its
the upper hp lacking a rugula and having maroon lines within; two fertile stamens
with dithecous anthers; parallel and more or less evenly inserted thecae lacking
mm
basal appendages; lack of staminodes; and glabrous, lenticular seeds 2-3 long
have
that entire margins.
common
Recent
field observations reveal that this rarely collected species
is
where
in the seasonal evergreen forests of Corozal, flowers during the dry
it
season March-April).
(e.g.,
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME
166
21
Dicliptera Leonard.
inutilis
Ramamoorthy (MEXU).
Corozal: 2735
ai
et
Among
taxa in Mexico and Central America, this collection most closely
resembles D. has relatively long cm), apparently pinkish corollas and
inutilis. It (4
large (15-20 x 11-18 mm), broadly ovate to broadly trullate, and abaxially gla-
brous outer cymule bracteoles. The notation on the specimen label that the plant
was unknown
a tree four to five meters in height probably erroneous; trees are
is
in the genus. This the first report of the species in Belize.
is
m
&
Dwyer
Spellman
D. assurgens
(as (L.) Juss.
.
& MO,
Belize: Daniel Butterwick 5901 (CAS); Gentle 1119 NY); Peck 351 (GH, NY).-Cayo;
(F,
& MO, MO,
Daniel Butterwick 5899 (CAS). 5900 (CAS); Gentle 9062 (CAS, US), 9698 (CAS,
F, F.
NY, US); Lundell4Wl (MICH, US), 4102 (MICH, US), 4103 (MICH, US); McDaniel 13070 (MO).—
&
Corozal; Daniel 8271 (CAS); Felly 24 (F).-Oranc;e Walk: Arnason Lambert 7727 (MO); Daniel
MEXU,
7040 (CAS), 8215 (BR, C, CAS, K, MICH, MO, NY, US).-Stann Creek: Gentle 7882
MO,
(CAS,
US).
F,
&
The specimen F was annotated by Leonard D. acuminata (Ruiz
at as Pav.)
Juss. and was so treated by him (Leonard 1936). Subsequently, Gibson annotated
the same specimen as "D. sumichrasti ?" and hkewise treated (Gibson 1974).
it
Various species and complexes of species of North American Dicliptera remain to
The
be adequately circumscribed. collection cited above appears to represent a
taxon closely related not conspecific with, D. sumichrastii.
to,
if
Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers.
Cayo; 11497 (MICH).
Bartlett
Hemigraphis (Burm. Anders.
alternata
f.)
Belize; Bartlett 11355 (MICH; type of Bleehum cordatnm Leonard).
This native of tropical Asia naturalized in parts of tropical America.
is
&
Dwyer
Hygrophila costata Nees H. guianensis Nees Spellman
(as in 1981
).
Cayo: Croat 24852 (MO); Dwyer & Dieckman 13012 (CAS); Dwyer & Liesner 12059 (MO).—Stann
&
Dwyer MO,
Creek: Daniel Butterwick 5884 (CAS); 508 Gentle 8627 (CAS, US);
et al. (F); F,
McDaniel 12999 (MO).—Toledo: Peck 759 (GH); Schipp 1109 MICH, MO, NY, UC).
(F,
albobractea Leonard.
Justicia
Toledo: Proctor 36627 Schipp 1277
(F); (F; type).
ACANTHACEAE
DANIEL: OF BELIZE
1997 167
Dwyer
This species was not listed by and Spellman (1981), nor was treated
it
The
by Gibson (1974) for lack of flowering material. species was fully described
by Daniel (1993). differs from other species of Justicia in Belize by the combi-
It
mm
nation of inflorescence of axillary pedunculate spikes to 65 long, ovate to
its
mm mm
and 29-
bracts 8.5-16 long 4.5-9.5 wide, 5-lobed calyces, corollas
elliptic
mm mm
31 long, superposed and parallel thecae 1.6-2 long (the lower with a
mm
appendage and
basal 0.5 long), 3-aperturate pollen.
aurea
Justicia Schltdl.
MICH. US).— &
Cayo: 12937 (CAS, Toledo: Daniel Butterwick 5889 (CAS); Schipp S-601
Bartlett
MO,NY).
(F,
(Leonard) D. N. Gibson (including/ D. N. Gibson).
Justicia bartlettii pilifera
& Dwyer (MO).— & (MO,
Belize: Liesner 1486 Cayo: Arvigo Shropshire 203 US); Bartlett 11477
&
(US; type of Beloperone Leonard).—Toledo: Davidse Brant 32157 (CAS).
bartlettii
Rusby Pseuderanthemum
Justicia breviflora (Nees) (including tetrasepalum (S. F.
Blake) Blake).
F.
S.
Belize: Daniel 8296 (CAS).— Cayo: Arvigo 101 (US); Bartlett 11948 (TEX, US), 12017a (MICH),
et al.
Cowan MICH);
13096 (MICH); 5149 (CAS), 5169 (CAS); Daniel 8273 (CAS, K, Gentle 2207
et
al.
(MICH, NY), 2209 MO, MICH, NY, RSA), 9077 (CAS, MO, US), 9645 MO), 9687 MO,
(F, F, (F, (F,
US); Lundell 6124 (MICH, NY, RSA, US), 6209 (MICH, US), 6290 (F, MICH, NY, US).—Stann
Creek: Long 3290 (CAS, MO); Molina 331 Schipp 542 MICH, MO, NY, UC).—Toledo:
R. (F); (F,
&
Cosentino 86 Croat 24317 NY, RSA, US); Daniel Butterwick 5895 (CAS); Gentle 4507 (MICH),
(F); (F,
5274 (MO, US); Hoist 4025 (CAS),4245 (CAS); McDaniel 12884 (F, MO); Peck 552 (GH; type of Eran-
themum tetrasepalum S. F. Blake); Peck 722 (GH; type oi Dianthera peckii S. F. Blake); Schipp S-473 (F).
Some
of the morphological variation exhibited by this species in southern
Mexico and northern Central America was discussed by Daniel (1995b). Pseuder-
anthemum synonymy
tetrasepalum herewith included the of species for
in this
is
the time. In the protologue of P. tetrasepalum, Blake (1917) described the
first
cm
Both
about long and noted the presence of staminodes. of these
corollas as 2.4
more Pseuderanthemum than packet on
features are suggestive of Justicia. In a
Two
two match
the type, there are flowers of taxa. of these flowers Blake's descrip-
length of the corolla and presence of staminodes. These flowers indeed
tion in
belong to a species of Pseuderanthemum. The plant mounted on the sheet and the
other, smaller flowers in the packet (with anthers pubescent and with thecae
superposed) pertain to breviflora and correspond to the remainder of Blake's
/.
known
Pseuderanthemum
description. Four-parted calyces are not in but are often
from mounted specimen and from
present in breviflora (Daniel 1995b). Pollen the
/.
one of the small flowers in the packet on the type of P. tetrasepalum 2-porate
(i.e.,
with a row of insulae on either side of each aperture) also resembles that of other
The was
specimens referred to breviflora. description in Blake's protologue thus
J.
derived from species of two genera. In accordance with Article 9.9 of the Internation-
Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et 1994), a lectotype for breviflora
al al. J.
herewith designated as that portion of Peck 552 mounted on the sheet and the
is
flowers the packet with the anthers pubescent and the thecae superposed only,
in
thereby excluding the two flowers of Pseuderanthemum also in the packet.
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM
168
campechiana
Standi
Justicia
Corozal: 44
Castillo (F); Pelly 3(¥).
Justicia candelariae (Oerst.) Leonard.
MO, MO,
US).—
Cayo: Gentle 9011 Stann Creek: Gentle 9316 (CAS, US).
(F, F,
Dwyer
This species was not listed for Belize by and Spellman
noted to occur in the country by Daniel (1995b).
Lam.
Justicia coniata (L.)
Belize: Gentle 913 (F, NY); Liindell 1957 (MICH, US); Whitefoord 2354 (MO).-'
MICH); MO, US).-Stann Dwyer (M
Contreras 7145 Creek: 504
(F, (F,
et al.
MICH, MO, NY, UC).-DiSTRiCT Unknown: Usher 7 (MICH).
D. N. Gibson.
Justicia ensiflora (Standi.)
(MO):
Gentry 7931 Schi
W. Graham
Justicia fimbriata (Nees) V. A. (as magniflora F. Blake) D. N.
J. (S.
&
Dwyer
Gibson Spellman
in 1981).
&
Toledo: Balick et al. 2538 (US); Cosentino 90 (F); Daniel Biitterwick 5893 (CAS, MICH); Davidse
&
Brant 32153 (CAS); Gentle 5060 (MO, US); Peck 622a (GH; type of Dicliptera magniflora
S. F.
NY,
Blake); Schipp S-694 (F; type of Beloperone crenata Standi.); Stevenson 82 (F, US).
Justicia pectoralis Jacq.
&
(MICH, US).—
Belize: Gentle 1530 Stann Creek: Daniel Biitterwick 5880 (CAS); Gentle 1893
(MICH, NY, US).—Toledo: Gentle 4419 (MICH), 5278 (MO, US), 7591 (MO); Peck 979 (GH);
Proctor 36011 (MO).
(GH; type oiJacobinia scarlatina Blake).— Cayo: Chanek 40 (MICH. US).-
S. F.
>
mnzerling VllI-10 US).—Stann Creek: Gentle 3305 (A, MICH, MO, NY, US
(F,
GH, MICH, MO, NY, UC).— MO,
Toledo: Gentle 7334 (CAS, US);
F, Tellez et a
,
Daniel (1995b) discussed the distinctions between this species and the similar
colorifera, both of which are cultivated for use as a bluing agent in laundering
J.
America
fabric in Central (Williams 1981).
Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (Vahl) R. Br. ex Griseb. Teliostachya alopecuroidea
(as
&
Nees Dwyer
(Vahl) Spellman
in 1981).
ACANTHACEAE
OF
DANIEL: BELIZE
1997 169
Louteridium chartaceum Leonard.
CAS, MEXU, MICH, MO, & CAS,
Belize: Daniel 8294 (BR, US); Daniel Butterwick 5905 (C, K,
&
MICH, MO. NY); Dwyer 10959 (LL, MO); Gentle 1526 (US; type); Liesner Dwyer 1485 (BM,
DUKE, MO,
NY, TEX).
known
endemic was from
Daniel (1993) noted that this species a single locality
that was threatened with destruction. Indeed, quarrying activities have since
destroyed the population at the site (at or near the type locality) from which
&
Daniel Butterwick 5905 was However, other populations have recently
collected.
been located on several of the isolated limestone in the southern portion of
hills
These
Belize District Daniel 8294). hills persist as islands of relatively undis-
(e.g.,
among
and
turbed vegetation settlements cultivated lands.
Louteridium Watson.
donneil-smithii
S.
& (MEXU, (MO).—
Cayo: Dwyer Liesner 12313 (MO, NY); Dwyer 360 MO); Gentry 7791
et al.
& &
Toledo: Daniel Butterwick 5891 (CAS); Davidse Brant 32089 (CAS, US), 32300 (CAS); Gentle
6355 (MO, UC, US); Hoist 4045 (CAS); Peck 780 (GH, NY); Proctor 36148 (MO); Schipp 1110
MO,
(MICH, NY,
UC).
Mendoncia Rusby.
lindavii
Stann Creek: Gentle 3344 MICH, MO, NY), 3523 (MICH, MO. NY, US); Schipp 961 (F; type of
(F,
M.
belizensis Standi.).
Mendoncia
retusa
Turrill.
Cayo: 13065 (CAS, MICH, US); Gentle 2440 (A, K, LL, MICH, NY).— Stann Creek:
Bartlett F,
Schipp S-278 (A, G, GH. K, MICH, MO, NY, UC).—Toledo: Balick 2547 (US); Croat 24383
F, et al.
MO); Gentle 6567 (MO); Peck 786 (GH, NY), 787 (GH, NY); Proctor 35876 (MO); Whitefoord
(F,
1615 (MO).
&
Odontonema Cham.)
Kuntze.
callistachyum
(Schltdl.
MO, US).—
Cayo: Dwyer Dieckman 13014 (CAS); Gentle 2441 (MICH), 8724 (CAS, F, Stann
c&
&
Creek: Croat 24523 MO); Daniel Butterwick 5878 (CAS), 5882 (CAS), 5887 (CAS); Gentle
(F,
2142 (MICH), 3501 (A, F, MICH, NY), 8202 (F, MO, US), 9250 (CAS, F, MO, US).—Toledo: Croat
&
&
24312 (MO); Daniel Butterwick 5894 (CAS); Davidse Brant 32067 (CAS).
This species was treated as a heterogeneous complex by Gibson (1974). Dis-
Odontonema
cussion of and the other species of noted here can be found in
this
Daniel
(1995c).
Odontonema
hondurense (Lindau) D. N. Gibson.
CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME
170
21
MO, MO).—
(MICH, NY), 8835 (CAS, F, US), 9004 (CAS, F, Stann Creek: Dwyer 571 (MO.
el
al.
MICH,
US); Gentle 2136 (A, DS, K, LL, NY, US), 2158 (MICH), 2742 (MICH), 2793 (MICH, NY,
F,
US), 3195 (MICH), 3496 (F, MICH, NY); Molina R. 276 (F); Schipp 222 (A, BM, F, G, GH, MICH, NY,
UC, US).—Toledo: Daniel & Butferwick 5892 (CAS, MICH); Davidse & Brant 31921 (CAS); Gentle 4506
MICH, MO), MO,
(LL, 6704 (F, US); Hoist 3873 (CAS); Proctor 35928 (MO); Whitefoord 1565 (CAS).
Odontonema
tubaeforme Kuntze Kuntze
(Bertol.) (as O. flagellum (Oerst.) in
&
Dwyer
and amicorum M. Baum).
Spellman, 1981, including O. V.
MICH) MICH
BiM/i nan,il82-'fU{ \S Dunul BultLr^MLk -^904 h^) (nntk 1518 (C,U LL
A.
{(.
The Uixonomic anmoiuw was DaniJ (IWx)
disposition additsscd
ol () b\
Donn
Pseuderanthemuiii
>erapa/ciise Sni
K NY)
S 671 (h
Morong.
Ruellia coerulea
(CAS).—
Belize: Daniel 8278 Corozal: Gentle 347 {M\CU).
Dwyer
This species was not included by and Spellman often
(1981).
It is
name may
cultivated under the R. brittoniana Leonard, and sometimes become
it
naturalized. Daniel 8278 was cultivated in a garden. unclear from the label
It is
on 347 whether was
data Gentle the collection cultivated or not
not. likely
It is
that R. coerulea indigenous in Belize. Gentle's collection was identified by
is
Leonard
in 1936 as R. malacosperma Greenm., a species described from Mexico
may
that be conspecific with R. coerulea. The distribution, taxonomy, and nomen-
clature of this species were discussed by Daniel (1995b).
Kun
Ruellia geminiflora
from more
Schipp's collection differs typical representatives of the species by
the inconspicuous punctate glands on the calyx and by the lack of (or very incon-
spicuous) punctate glands on the
corolla.
Ruellia harveyana Stapf (including R. obtusata Blake).
S. F.
Belize: Dwyer 11317 (MO).—Cayo: Bartlett 13063 (CAS, MICH, NY, US); Gentle 8598 (F, MO, US);
Limdell 322 (DS, F, UC), 6518 (DS, MICH, NY, US), 6667 (MICH, NY, US); Spelhnan 1577 (MO).—
Stann Creek: Dwyer 569 (MO); Gentle 7957 MO); Schipp 976 MICH, MO, NY, UC); Stocker
et (F, (F,
al.
20 (F; type of R. longipila Standi.).—Toledo: Gentle 7056 (LL); Peck 871 {CA\: type of R. obtusata).
Ruellia hookeriana (Nees) Hemsl.