Case Studies in Infection Control PDF
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Case Studies in Infection Control Case Studies in Infection Control Meera Chand and John Holton Vice President: Denise Schanck Assistant Editor: Jordan Wearing Production Editor: Daniela Amodeo Illustrator: Louise Dawney Layout: Thomson Digital Cover Designer: Georgina Lucas Copyeditor: Marjorie Singer Anderson Proofreader: Susan Wood © 2017 by Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Meera Chand, Public Health England, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Imperial College London, UK. John Holton, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science & Technology, University of Middlesex, National Mycobacterial Reference Service - South, Public Health England, UK. This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems—without permission of the copyright holder. ISBN paperback: 978-0-8153-4517-6; eBook: 978-0-2037-3331-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chand, Meera, author. | Holton, John, MRCPath, author. Title: Case studies in infection control / Meera Chand and John Holton. Description: London; New York : Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] | Includes index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017056613 (print) | LCCN 2017058395 (ebook) | ISBN 9780203733318 () | ISBN 9780815345176 Subjects: | MESH: Communicable Disease Control | Infection Control | Case Reports Classification: LCC RA643 (ebook) | LCC RA643 (print) | NLM WA 110 | DDC 616.9/045--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017056613 Published by Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, an Informa business, 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA, and 3 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4RN, UK. 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Visit our web site at http://www.garlandscience.com Preface Case Studies in Infection Control follows from the well-received Case Studies in Infectious Disease. This new book has 25 cases, each focusing on an infectious disease, which illus- trate the critical aspects of infection control and prevention. Scenarios in the cases are real events from both community and hospital situations and are written by experts. Although brief comments are included in relation to the organism, diagnosis, and treatment, the main emphasis is on the case, its epidemiology, and how the situation should be man- aged from the perspective of infection control and prevention. As in the previous book, there is a series of multiple choice questions with answers and a short list of appropriate guidelines and publications. Online resources: For instructors, all of the figures from the book are available to download in both PowerPoint® and JPEG format. Contact [email protected] to gain access to the figures. Contents Case 1 Anthrax 1 Case 2 Aspergillosis 11 Case 3 Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC) in Cystic Fibrosis 23 Case 4 Campylobacter Jejuni Infection 35 Case 5 Clostridium Difficile Infection 45 Case 6 An Outbreak of Cryptosporidium SP. Associated with a Public Swimming Pool 57 Case 7 Giardia Outbreaks on Ship 71 Case 8 HIV 89 Case 9 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 101 Case 10 A Laboratory Incident Linked to Exposure to Botulinum Toxin 113 Case 11 Legionella Pneumophila Infection 125 Case 12 Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) 133 Case 13 Measles: Achieving National Control of a Vaccine Preventable Infection 147 viii Contents Case 14 Four Cases of MERS-COV 157 Case 15 A Case of Hospital- Acquired MRSA 171 Case 16 Neisseria Gonorrhoeae with High-Level Resistance to Azithromycin 181 Case 17 Increased Number of Infections with Plasmodium SPP During a Period of Sociopolitical Instability 195 Case 18 A Clinical Incident Linked to Prion-Associated Disease 209 Case 19 An Outbreak of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit 219 Case 20 Rabies 233 Case 21 An Outbreak of Nontyphoid Salmonellosis in the Workplace 245 Case 22 A Case of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy 255 Case 23 Viral Haemorrhagic Fever 267 Case 24 A Case of Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli (VTEC) 281 Case 25 A Case of Varicella-Zoster Virus in a Maternity Unit 291 Acronyms aat aggregative adherence transporter ABPA allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ACDP Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens Ach acetylcholine ACH air changes per hour ACT artemisinin combination therapy aggR aggregative adherence regulator AGP aerosol-generating procedures aHUS atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome AHVLA Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome ALT alanine transaminase AML acute myeloid leukaemia aOR adjusted odds ratio AP auramine phenol APHA Animal and Plant Health Agency ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ART anti-retroviral therapy AST aspartate transaminase BASHH British Association of Sexual Health and HIV Bcc Burkholderia cepacia complex BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guérin BCYE buffered charcoal containing yeast extract BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSL biosecurity level CA-MRSA community-associated methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus cART combined anti-retroviral therapy CCDA charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar CCDC Consultant in Communicable Disease Control CCHF Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDI Clostridium difficile infection CF cystic fibrosis CFR case fatality rate CHP Consultant in Health Protection CI confidence interval CIN cervical intraepithelial neoplasia CJD Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease CMV cytomegalovirus CNS central nervous system COSHH Control of Substances Hazardous to Health CRP C-reactive protein CSF cerebrospinal fluid
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